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Complexes of anti-tank guided missiles mestizo and bassoon. Metis-m1, anti-tank missile system

Tactical and technical characteristics

9K115 "Metis"

Firing range, m
Rate of fire, rds / min.
Probability of hitting a tank

0,91-0,98

The number of missiles in the complex
Combat crew, pers.
Transfer time to combat position, sec
rocket type
Flight range, m
Flight time at maximum range, sec.
Average rocket flight speed, m/s
Maximum rocket flight speed, m/s
Rocket caliber, mm
Rocket length, mm
Wingspan of the rocket, mm
Rocket mass in TPK, kg
Rocket mass without TPK, kg
Warhead

cumulative

Armor penetration at an angle of 0°, mm
Armor penetration at an angle of 60°, mm

Portable anti-tank missile system 9K115 "Metis" is designed to destroy visually visible stationary and moving at speeds up to 60 km / h targets (tanks and other armored small targets) at ranges up to 1000 m.
The complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of the chief designer A.G. Shipunov and put into service in 1978.
In the west, the complex received the designation of the AT-7 "Saxhorn" missile.
The 9K115 "Metis" complex was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts of recent decades.
The complex includes: a portable launcher 9P151 with control equipment and a launch mechanism on the machine, 9M115 missiles in transport and launch containers, spare parts, testing equipment and other auxiliary equipment.

The 9M115 missile with a semi-automatic guidance system and a HEAT warhead is built according to the canard aerodynamic design. The developers of the complex went to the extreme simplification and facilitation of the one-time element of the complex - the missile, allowing some complication of the reusable ground-based guidance equipment. An important reserve for reducing the dimensions, weight and cost of ATGMs was the simplification of the onboard equipment of the control system. As you know, ground-based equipment for semi-automatic guidance of ATGM determines the position of the missile by tracking devices associated with ground system coordinates. Previously created ATGM samples with single-channel control were equipped with gyroscopes that convert control signals from ground-based guidance equipment into commands generated with reference to a coordinate system rotating with the missile. The gyroscope was a rather expensive product. The 9M115 missile is equipped with a tracer mounted on one of the wings. When flying, the tracer moves in a spiral. Ground equipment receives information about the angular position of the ATGM, which makes it possible to appropriately adjust the commands issued to the missile's controls via a wired communication line.
In the bow there are rudders with an open-type air-dynamic drive using the air pressure of the oncoming flow. The absence of an air or powder pressure accumulator, the use of plastic molding for the manufacture of the main elements of the drive reduces the cost of the drive many times over compared to previously used products.
Three trapezoidal wings are located in the tail section of the rocket. The wings are made of thin, flexible plates. During assembly, they roll around the body without residual deformations; after the rocket exits the TPK, the wings straighten under the action of elastic forces. To launch a rocket, a starting engine with a multi-shot solid fuel charge is used.

The missile is delivered and operated in a sealed transport and launch container.
The 9P151 launcher is folding, it is a 9P152 machine, with a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and an instrumentation unit. The launcher has a mechanism for precise targeting, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.
At present, for shooting at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a thermal imaging sight 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Sokol" 2), developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.
The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is carried in two packs by a crew of two people. Pack No. 1 weighing 17 kg with a launcher and one TPK with a rocket, pack No. 2 - with three missiles in a TPK weighing 19.4 kg.
Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, and also from the shoulder. Shooting from infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers and from buildings is possible (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space is required at the back).


Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu decided to adopt the new Metis-M1 anti-tank missile system (ATGM).

According to Izvestia, the decision on the new system has been made since November last year and was finally approved on the eve of Victory Day. Prior to that, since 2004, the promising system was supplied exclusively for export.

"Metis-M1" is the only wearable type anti-tank rocket system created in Russia recently, Viktor Murakhovsky, editor of Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, told Izvestia. - They are classified as "pocket artillery" of an infantry unit operating at the forefront of an offensive or defense. However, until recently, the Ministry of Defense was not interested in such weapons. The previous chief of the General Staff, Nikolai Makarov, believed that an ATGM with such a weight and warhead mass was not capable of effectively resisting modern armored vehicles.

Other armies thought differently, so the Metis sold well for export. As Murakhovsky emphasized, recent military conflicts have changed the perception of the effectiveness of certain weapons systems in contemporary conflict. In the same Syria, as Murakhovsky notes, wearable anti-tank systems are used by the thousands and only in 10-15% of cases - for armored vehicles. In the bulk, ATGMs are used against manpower or to destroy enemy fortifications. It is for this reason that Metis is in great demand among foreign customers.

Now the approach to the use of such weapons is not just changing, - says Viktor Murakhovsky. - The question is generally about changing the class of such systems. These are no longer the usual anti-tank systems, but multifunctional infantry systems of wearable high-precision weapons, the name of which has not yet been invented.

Metis-M1 was created at the Instrument Design Bureau (part of the High-Precision Complexes holding) and, according to the expert, occupies a unique niche. In terms of its mass-dimensional characteristics, this is the only system that can really be moved to the battlefield without vehicles. Russian anti-tank systems "Kornet", "Fagot" and "Konkurs" are considered conditionally portable due to the weight of the launcher and the container with the missile.

"Metis-M1" is mass-produced, has a low cost compared to modern anti-tank systems and is produced using exclusively domestic components, says Murakhovsky. “So there should be no issues with mass deliveries to the troops,” the expert emphasized.

A source in the military-industrial complex told Izvestia that the new ATGM can be used both from a stationary launcher in the form of a tripod, and from the shoulder of a serviceman - from prone and standing positions. This significantly expands the range of weapons. The new missile is used as a cumulative warhead, designed to destroy lightly armored vehicles, and a new, high-explosive fragmentation, which allows you to destroy infantry on the battlefield, as well as destroy enemy fortifications. Compared to its predecessor, the Metis-M1 has an increased target engagement range. Today it is 2 km.

In Russia, little attention was paid to the development of wearable anti-tank systems, - Ivan Konovalov, director of the Center for Strategic Market Research, expressed his opinion to Izvestia. - Preference was given to large expensive systems, aviation, missile weapons, now the situation is changing. All over the world, it is wearable anti-tank systems that are developing at a faster pace. Against their background, "Metis-M1" can be attributed to the "2+" generation, while in the West there is already a 3rd one, tests of the 4th one are underway. At the same time, "Metis-M1" is exactly the product, with the advent of which a new development of the domestic line of wearable anti-tank systems will begin. It has a very large modernization potential. It's absolutely new system, which has in common with its predecessors only in name.

The closest analogue of the Russian "Metis-M1" is the American FGM-148 Javelin manufactured by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin with a range of 2.5 km. This is the world's first serial ATGM with an IIR type infrared homing system that implements the fire-and-forget principle. The disadvantage of the complex is its high price - $ 125 thousand. Another disadvantage is the design flaws that affect the combat use. It takes about 30 seconds to capture a target, which is very difficult to do in real combat conditions, as a result of which the target can simply “leave” the sight,” Konovalov noted.

In the 90s of the XX century, the Design Bureau of Instrument Engineering developed the Metis-M wearable ATGM, which ensures the fulfillment of these requirements and has an optimal combination of characteristics in its class. ATGM "Metis-M" is a multi-purpose defensive and assault weapon that allows you to effectively hit modern tanks, fortifications and other small targets at ranges up to 1500 m, reliable, simple and easy to use. High performance characteristics Anti-tank systems "Metis-M" are confirmed by many years of military operation both in the Russian army and in many armies of foreign countries.

However, further modernization of armored vehicles, aimed at increasing its protection (increasing the thickness of armor, equipping dynamic protection), as well as increasing the range aimed shooting tank guns, puts before the developers of anti-tank systems the task of improving their characteristics to increase the firing range and increase the power of combat units. At present and in the near future, the main characteristics of wearable anti-tank systems should be considered a firing range - at least 2000 m, armor penetration - at least 900-950 mm (taking into account the margin for defeating the reserved space).

In order to improve the main characteristics of the Metis-M complex, KBP JSC carried out its modernization in the following areas:
- the maximum firing range day and night has been increased from 1500 m to 2000 m due to the improvement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket airframe and the implementation of new algorithms in the control system;
- armor penetration, including behind DZ, increased from 850 mm to 900-950 mm due to the use of high-energy explosives, while introducing the technology of precision manufacturing of warhead elements;
- the mass of the starting device (PU) was reduced from 10.5 kg to 9.5 kg due to the use of microprocessor-based element base in the equipment.
The modernization was carried out taking into account the need to ensure the possibility of firing both previously fired missiles from modernized launchers, and modernized missiles from previously fired launchers. ATGM "Metis-M1" in terms of the combination of combat and operational characteristics is significantly ahead of the ATGM "Metis-M" and the closest foreign analogues.

ATGM "Metis-M1" is designed to enhance the combat power of company-level units, usually armed with only firearms and grenade launchers, which are ineffective against tanks due to low accuracy and short ranges of aimed fire. The complex is wearable and in this sense is closest to the soldier. The small dimensions and weight of the components of the complex make it possible to form compact packs, which provide the possibility of transporting it with a calculation of three people. In addition to personal weapons, the calculation carries ammunition from five missiles. The crew commander carries a ready-made shot in a pack (launcher with a rocket installed on it), which significantly reduces the time for preparing for combat work and allows the crew to engage in fighting directly from the march.

In the defense zone, an infantry battalion equipped with 80-90 ATGM ammunition hits up to 90% of the armored targets of an advancing enemy battalion, reinforced by a tank company and having up to 60 armored vehicles. When a battalion conducts an offensive, for example, against the position of a motorized infantry company reinforced by a tank platoon (13 armored targets), the Metis-M1 ATGM is capable of not only hitting all armored targets, but also significantly helping the infantry in the fight against enemy firing points, since in range firing of his missiles far exceed the mass weapon enemy: machine guns and RPGs. With a direct attack of the 9M131M ATGM into the frontal projection of the target, due to a powerful tandem cumulative warhead with an average armor penetration of 950 mm, high level penetration of the frontal armor of all tanks currently in service.

Currently in the armies various countries In the world there are several tens of thousands of tanks of various modifications, the main differences of which are the level of protection, the composition and thickness of the armor, the mass, the composition of the fire control system, etc. According to the totality of the achieved level of the mentioned characteristics, tanks can be divided into three groups. The results of calculations of the probability of hitting three groups of tanks, carried out taking into account random values ​​of the coordinates of hitting the 9M131M ATGM, the probabilistic nature of penetrating the armor and hitting the vital units of the combat vehicle and crew behind the armor, show that the probability of hitting tanks with dynamic protection of the 9M131M ATGM on average in the angle of fire in the sector ±90° is: tanks of the 1st group 0.88, 2nd 0.72 and 3rd 0.70. It follows that the 9M131M ATGM provides a level of probability of hitting the most protected tanks of 0.7-0.9, i.e. one or two missiles are required to destroy them.

The results of firing tests showed that the 9M131M and 9M131FM guided missiles of the Metis-M1 complex, developed by JSC Design Bureau of Instrumentation, provide a high level of damaging effect on targets of different sizes, degrees of vulnerability and mobility. The Metis-M1 complex is characterized with positive side short flight time of ATGM 9M131M and UR 9M131FM and high secrecy of combat work, which leave practically no chance for potential targets to put optical interference and prevent them from completing a combat mission. Small dimensions and weight allow the infantrymen to constantly carry the Metis-M1 anti-tank systems and autonomously conduct combat operations with the effectiveness of units equipped with large-caliber artillery. In essence, the Metis-M1 ATGM solves the tasks of artillery, but with much greater efficiency and efficiency, and is nothing more than a high-precision "pocket artillery" of the platoon commander.

On the basis of the Metis-M1 complex, fire support units (three or more launchers) can be created to solve the tasks of suppressing the most dangerous targets. They may be part of an infantry, mountain rifle and airmobile division, a separate infantry, a separate mountain rifle and a separate armored brigade, as well as a separate airborne brigade of lightly armed infantry, a separate amphibious brigade and a regiment of troops. special purpose. ATGM "Metis-M1" is a highly effective, lightweight, wearable defensive assault weapon capable of combating modern and advanced tanks and other armored targets, fortifications such as bunkers, bunkers, field installations and the manpower located in them, in the daytime and night conditions at ranges from 80 m to 2000 m.

The optimal combination of small weight and size and high tactical, technical and operational characteristics makes it possible to equip the Metis-M1 complex landing troops, infantry and motorized rifle formations to enhance their combat power during large-scale hostilities, as well as special units during counter-terrorism operations. During the modernization, maximum unification was ensured between the components of the Metis-M and Metis-M1 ATGMs, which will allow in a short time and at relatively low financial costs to increase the performance characteristics of the Metis-M ATGMs previously delivered to foreign customers. At the same time, modernization can be carried out directly at the foreign customer. Conducting re-training of specialists (gunners and technicians) for the operation of the upgraded systems is not required.

The performance characteristics of the ATGM "Metis-M1"
Firing range day and night, m:
- maximum - 2000
- minimum - 80
Rate of fire, rds / min 3-4
Control system - semi-automatic with transmission of commands by wire
Overall dimensions, mm:
- rocket caliber 130
- the length of the container with the rocket 980
Warhead - tandem cumulative, high-explosive thermobaric action
Average armor penetration of a cumulative warhead, mm 950
TNT equivalent of high-explosive warhead, kg 6
Shooting missiles with previously developed missiles of the Metis family - provided
Weight, kg;
- starting device - no more than 9.5
- a container with a rocket - 13.8
- thermal imaging sight - 6.5
Weight of packs, kg:
- launcher with rocket - 23.8
- two containers with missiles - 28.6
Pointing angles, degrees:
- horizontally ±30
- vertical ±5
Temperature range of application, degrees С 50

Metis(index of the complex / missiles - 9K115, according to the classification of NATO and the US Department of Defense - AT-7 Saxhorn ) - Soviet / Russian portable anti-tank missile system of the company level with semi-automatic command guidance by wire. Refers to the ATGM of the second generation. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau.

The complex is designed to destroy visually observed stationary and moving, with flank speeds up to 60 km / h, armored vehicles and firing points.

The complex includes:

  • portable launcher 9P151 with control equipment and starting mechanism on the machine
  • 9M115 missiles in transport and launch containers
  • test equipment and other auxiliary equipment

The 9P151 launcher is folding, it is a 9P152 machine, with a lifting and turning mechanism, on which control equipment is installed - a 9S816 guidance device and an instrumentation unit. The launcher has a mechanism for precise targeting, which reduces the requirements for operator qualifications.

At present, for shooting at night and in smoky conditions, the complex can be equipped with a thermal imaging sight 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" ("Sokol" 2), developed by NPO GIPO1, with a range of up to 1.5 km.

The complex, consisting of one launcher and four missiles, is transported in two packs by a crew of two people. Pack N1 weighing 17 kg with a launcher and one TPK with a rocket, pack N2 - with three missiles in a TPK weighing 19.4 kg.

Shooting can be carried out from prepared and unprepared positions from a prone position, from a standing trench, and also from the shoulder. Shooting from infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers and from buildings is possible (in the latter case, about 6 meters of free space is required at the back).

Modifications

"Metis-M"(GRAU index - 9K115-1, according to NATO classification - AT-13 Saxhorn-2) - anti-tank missile system Russian production. Designed to destroy modern and promising armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower at any time of the day and in adverse weather conditions. The Metis-M complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) and put into service in 1992.

The complex "Metis-M" includes:

Launcher 9P151 with a sight - a guidance device, guidance drives and a missile launcher

9M131 missiles placed in TPK

· Test equipment 9V12M and 9V81M

It can be equipped with a thermal imager 1PN86BVI "Mulat-115".

"Metis-M" was adopted as a replacement for the "Metis" of the first generation, as well as the earlier "Fagot" and "Competition". One of the main features of Metis-M is the presence, in addition to a rocket with a tandem cumulative warhead, a rocket equipped with a warhead of a volumetric explosion (thermobaric warhead), similar to the warhead of the Shmel flamethrower.

"Metis-M1"(GRAU index - 9K115-2) - modernization of the Metis-M complex, using the 9M131M missile and the 9P151M launcher.

"Metis-2"(GRAU index - 9K127) - developed in 2008.

Specifications

Minimum firing range day and night 80 m
Maximum firing range day and night 2000 m
Control system semi-automatic with transmission of commands via a wired communication line
Types of warheads of missiles of the complex tandem cumulative
Mass of components of the launcher complex 9.5 kg
Mass of the components of the guided missile complex 13.8 kg
Mass of the components of the thermal imaging sight complex 6.5 kg
Medium armor penetration behind reactive armor 900-950 mm
Temperature mode of operation -50 to +50
Weight of packs
pack No. 1 (launcher + rocket) 23.8 kg
pack number 2 (two missiles) 28.6 kg
Vyuk No. 3 (thermal imaging sight) 9.0 kg

Video

Firing range - 40-1000 m, maximum speed flight - 223 m / s, flight time to maximum range - 6 s, length 730 mm, wingspan 370 mm, body diameter - 93 mm, dimensions of the transport and launch container - 784 x 138 x 145 mm, rocket weight - 4.8 kg, in TPK - 6.3 kg, armor penetration - 250-550 mm.

In the diagram: 1 - rudders; 2 - steering machine; 3 - cumulative warhead; 4 - fuse; 5 - main engine; 6 - wings; 7 – tracer; 8 - starting engine; 9 - cable reel

The mass of the launcher is 10 kg, the dimensions in the combat position are 0.815 x 0.4 x 0.72 m, in the stowed position - 0.76 x 0.225 x x 0.275 m, pointing angles: horizontally ± 30 °. vertical ±5°

Firing range - 80-1500 m, rocket weight -13.8 kg, average flight speed - 200 m / s, rocket diameter - 130 mm, TPK length - 980 mm, armor penetration - 900 mm.

In the diagram: 1 - precharge of a tandem warhead; 2 - steering machine; 3 - rudders; 4 - main engine; 5 - the main charge of the tandem warhead; 6 - fuse; 7 - wing; 8 – tracer; 9 - starting engine; 10 - cable reel

Domestic portable anti-tank missile system "Metis" has become the simplest and cheapest ATGM of the "2+" generation

... This is the subject of constant disputes both among scientists and among lovers of technology: how, by what criteria to distinguish between generations, to which one should one or another sample be attributed? And in relation to our topic: should the domestic anti-tank missiles currently being produced be considered products of the second or already the third generation? This dispute is not as pointless as it might seem, the price for it is a lot of money and, perhaps, a lot of blood ...

So, the short-range ATGM "Fagot" () went into series, it's time to think about his successor, because neither scientific and technological development, nor the potential enemy were not going to stop. Keeping the basis - the defeat of the tank in the frontal projection, the automatic generation of control commands in the control panel and their transmission to the missile via wire - what can and should be improved? First of all, we continued to simplify (and therefore reduce the cost) of the rocket.

ATGMs clearly demonstrated their effectiveness, and tankers began to fight them. IN this option"Confrontation of the sword and shield" it was necessary (and succeeded) to significantly increase the power of the rocket a little later. Increasing its speed is very difficult and this translates the projectile into a different class (no longer wearable, but portable means). Only one thing remains: to launch so many missiles that the enemy does not have enough means to deal with them! But for this, the cost of each rocket needs to be reduced ... Due to what?

On the contrary, it would be better to increase the warhead (warhead). The engine can't be cheap. But on a guided missile there is also a control system, and in particular, a gyroscope included in it. It is needed at least in order to determine at what moment which command (“left-right” or “up-down”) to give in the extremely simplified single-channel control method, which has already become typical for ATGMs. And is it necessary?

No, they decided in the Tula KBP. After all, the rocket still rotates at a speed of 7-12 rpm, its flight is still tracked by guidance equipment (which is used repeatedly and can be more expensive). So let the same equipment track the angle of rotation of the rocket along its axis!

The 9M115 guided missile has been simplified to the limit: the most complex device in it is the fuse, which you still cannot do without. But there is no gyroscope: the rocket itself rotates, and a tracer is fixed at the end of one of the wings. In flight, it leaves a spiral trace, according to which automation (combined with a launcher - PU) determines the orientation of the rocket axes in this moment and issues a command to maneuver.

It is transmitted by wire to a single-channel steering machine installed in the nose of the rocket. There are no sources of energy for it: like the previous Tula products, an oncoming air flow is used in this capacity. The designers tinkered with the details of the steering machine, which are now molded from plastic - it’s simply impossible to come up with cheaper mass production!

The 9K115 Metis anti-tank guided missile system, consisting of a 9M115 missile in a transport and launch container, a 9P152 machine tool and a 9S116 guidance device (as well as a test device and spare parts and accessories) was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1978.

The launcher and four missiles (of course, in transport and launch containers) of the Metis are carried by a crew of two, one carries a 17-kg pack No. 1 with launchers and one missile, the other carries a 19.4-kg pack No. 2 with three missiles . Later, a 5.5-kg thermal imaging sight 1PN86VI "Mulat-115" was added to the kit, which allows detecting targets at a distance of 3200 m and identifying them at 1600 m. However, Metis did not remain in this form for long ...

Soon it was necessary to increase - and very strongly - the armor penetration of anti-tank missiles: a potential enemy began to hang around the tanks with dynamic protection. Only one way to deal with it is known - a tandem warhead of two shaped charges. The first of them triggers a protective charge (or detonates it), and the second after that hits the “bare” armor. In addition, this means that the parameters of the cumulative warheads and the distance between them must be linked to each other, which significantly affects the size and design of the ammunition.

Unlike the Konkurs ATGM (), there was no way to add another head to the same missile in Metis. They decided to make it on the same principles (tracking the orientation along the tracer, the steering gear from the incoming air ...), with the same guidance equipment, but new, for the required masses and dimensions of the warhead. The result was a 9M131 rocket.

The caliber has grown one and a half times, the mass - two. It was possible to increase the maximum firing range by one and a half times, but most importantly, armor penetration increased from 500 to 900 mm!

The 9M131 layout was later used in several more KBP products. A front cumulative warhead is placed ahead (this is called "precharge"). Behind it is a pneumatic steering machine, then a toroidal solid propellant sustainer engine. Moreover, this is not a form of a fuel charge, but an engine housing! And an axial opening of large diameter serves to pass the cumulative jet of the main warhead, located immediately behind the engine.

Such a scheme causes some criticism, however, it made it possible to create a compact and cheap rocket of enormous destructive power - an ATGM breaks through the 3rd thickness of concrete! By the way, this is important: since the control system allows you to hit not only armored vehicles, but also other targets - if only the operator could see it - "Metis-M" is widely used for firing at fortifications. For this, they even made a special modification of the rocket - 9M131F with a 4.95-kg thermobaric (“volumetric explosion”) warhead.

Complex 9K115-2 "Metis-M" was put into service Russian army in 1992. It is also portable, but heavier: pack No. 1 with launchers and one missile weighs 25.1 kg, and No. 2 (with two missiles) weighs 28 kg.

... Can Metis and Metis-M be attributed to the third generation of anti-tank systems? Hardly. After all, as before, the operator must see the target when firing, the automatic control, combined with the launcher, must track the missile in flight, and the commands are given by wire ...

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