Where is the warm wind blowing from? Why does the wind blow

The horizontal movement of air above the Earth's surface is called wind. The wind always blows from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure.

Wind characterized by speed, strength and direction.

Wind speed and strength

Wind speed measured in meters per second or points (one point is approximately equal to 2 m/s). The speed depends on the baric gradient: the greater the baric gradient, the higher the wind speed.

The force of the wind depends on the speed (Table 1). The greater the difference between neighboring areas earth's surface the stronger the wind.

Table 1. Wind strength near the earth's surface on the Beaufort scale (at a standard height of 10 m above an open flat surface)

Beaufort points	Verbal definition of wind strength	Wind speed, m/s	wind action
			Calm. Smoke rises vertically	Mirror-smooth sea
			The direction of the wind is noticeable but the smoke is carried, but not by the weather vane	Ripples, no foam on the ridges
			The movement of the wind is felt on the face, the leaves rustle, the weather vane is set in motion	Short waves, crests do not tip over and appear glassy

			Leaves and thin branches of trees are constantly swaying, the wind is waving the top flags	Short, well defined waves. Combs, tipping over, form a vitreous foam, occasionally small white lambs are formed
	Moderate		The wind raises dust and pieces of paper, sets in motion the thin branches of trees.	The waves are elongated, white lambs are visible in many places
			Thin tree trunks sway, waves with crests appear on the water	Well developed in length, but not very large waves, white lambs are visible everywhere (splashes form in some cases)
			Thick tree branches sway, telegraph wires hum	Large waves begin to form. White foamy ridges take up significant space (probable splashing)
			Tree trunks sway, it's hard to go against the wind	Waves pile up, crests break, foam falls in stripes in the wind
	Very strong		The wind breaks the branches of trees, it is very difficult to go against the wind	Moderately high long waves. On the edges of the ridges, spray begins to take off. Stripes of foam lie in rows in the direction of the wind
			Minor damage; the wind rips off the smoke caps and roof tiles	high waves. Foam in wide dense stripes lays down in the wind. The crests of the waves begin to capsize and crumble into spray that impair visibility.

	Heavy storm		Significant destruction of buildings, trees uprooted. Rarely on land	Very high waves with long downward curved crests. The resulting foam is blown by the wind in large flakes in the form of thick white stripes. The surface of the sea is white with foam. The strong roar of the waves is like blows. Visibility is poor
	Violent storm		Large destruction over a large area. Very rare on land	Exceptionally high waves. Small to medium sized boats are sometimes out of sight. The sea is all covered with long white flakes of foam, spreading downwind. The edges of the waves are everywhere blown into foam. Visibility is poor
		32.7 and more		The air is filled with foam and spray. The sea is all covered with strips of foam. Very poor visibility

Beaufort scale- a conditional scale for visual assessment of the strength (speed) of the wind in points according to its effect on ground objects or on waves at sea. It was developed by the English admiral F. Beaufort in 1806 and at first was used only by him. In 1874, the Standing Committee of the First Meteorological Congress adopted the Beaufort scale for use in International synoptic practice. In subsequent years, the scale has changed and refined. The Beaufort scale is widely used in marine navigation.

Direction of the wind

Direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows, for example, the wind blowing from the south is south. The direction of the wind depends on the pressure distribution and on the deflecting effect of the Earth's rotation.

On climate map the prevailing winds are shown by arrows (Fig. 1). The winds observed near the earth's surface are very diverse.

You already know that the surface of land and water heats up in different ways. On a summer day, the land surface heats up more. From heating, the air above the land expands and becomes lighter. Over the pond at this time the air is colder and therefore heavier. If the reservoir is relatively large, on a quiet hot summer day on the shore you can feel a light breeze blowing from the water, above which it is higher than above land. Such a light breeze is called daytime. breeze(from the French brise - light wind) (Fig. 2, a). The night breeze (Fig. 2, b), on the contrary, blows from the land, since the water cools much more slowly and the air above it is warmer. Breezes can also occur at the edge of the forest. The scheme of breezes is shown in fig. 3.

Rice. 1. Distribution scheme prevailing winds on the globe

Local winds can occur not only on the coast, but also in the mountains.

Föhn- a warm and dry wind blowing from the mountains to the valley.

Bora- gusty, cold and strong wind that appears when cold air rolls over low ridges to the warm sea.

Monsoon

If the breeze changes direction twice a day - day and night, then seasonal winds - monsoons— change their direction twice a year (Fig. 4). In summer, the land warms up quickly, and the air pressure over its surface hits. At this time, cooler air begins to move to land. In winter, the opposite is true, so the monsoon blows from land to sea. With the change of the winter monsoon to the summer monsoon, dry, slightly cloudy weather changes to rainy.

The effect of the monsoons is strong in eastern parts continents, where they are adjacent to vast expanses of oceans, so such winds often bring heavy rainfall to the continents.

The uneven nature of the circulation of the atmosphere in different areas the globe determines the differences in the causes and nature of the monsoons. As a result, extratropical and tropical monsoons are distinguished.

Rice. 2. Breeze: a - daytime; b - night

Rice. Fig. 3. Scheme of breezes: a - in the afternoon; b - at night

Rice. 4. Monsoons: a - in summer; b - in winter

extratropical monsoons - monsoons of temperate and polar latitudes. They are formed as a result of seasonal fluctuations in pressure over the sea and land. The most typical area of ​​their distribution is Far East, Northeast China, Korea, to a lesser extent - Japan and the northeast coast of Eurasia.

tropical monsoons - monsoons of tropical latitudes. They are due to seasonal differences in the heating and cooling of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. As a result, pressure zones shift seasonally relative to the equator to the hemisphere in which it is summer at a given time. Tropical monsoons are most typical and persistent in the northern part of the basin indian ocean. This is largely facilitated by the seasonal change in the atmospheric pressure regime over the Asian continent. The fundamental features of the climate of this region are associated with the South Asian monsoons.

The formation of tropical monsoons in other regions of the globe is less characteristic when one of them, the winter or summer monsoon, is more clearly expressed. Such monsoons are observed in Tropical Africa, in northern Australia and in the equatorial regions of South America.

Earth's constant winds - trade winds And westerly winds- depend on the position of atmospheric pressure belts. Since in equatorial belt low pressure prevails, and near 30 ° N. sh. and yu. sh. - high, near the surface of the Earth throughout the year the winds blow from the thirtieth latitudes to the equator. These are trade winds. Under the influence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the trade winds deviate to the west in the Northern Hemisphere and blow from the northeast to the southwest, and in the Southern they are directed from the southeast to the northwest.

From the high pressure belts (25-30°N and S), the winds blow not only towards the equator, but also towards the poles, since at 65°N. sh. and yu. sh. low pressure prevails. However, due to the rotation of the Earth, they gradually deviate to the east and create air currents moving from west to east. Therefore, westerly winds prevail in temperate latitudes.

Where does the wind come from: experiments, cognitive stories, speech exercises, cartoons for children. Logic tasks Leo Tolstoy for children about the wind.

Today, with the help of entertaining experiments, you will learn where the wind comes from, and also get acquainted with how L.N. answered this question to children in 1875. Tolstoy. To be continued in the next article!

Where does the wind come from: experiments for kids

Ships (experiment-game for children 3-4 years old)

Take a bowl of water. Make paper boats. How to make boats, you will see in this video.

This is a scheme for making a paper boat for experience.

Put the boats on the water. Blow on them with your child. Why did the ships sail? (The wind pushes them.) Where did the wind come from? We exhaled air.

Arrange a ship competition. Which boat will swim to the other side faster (for this you need to take a square-shaped basin or a baby bath). Ask the baby how to blow so that the boat sails quickly?

Try to make a different wind - a soft and light breeze, a strong hurricane, a ferocious storm.

Ships for this game can be made not only from paper, but also from walnut shells. Using plasticine, attach a stick with a sail to the shell (a paper sail on a toothpick stick will do). Get on the sail. How do you blow to make the boat float?

Read to the kid the lines about the wind A.S. Pushkin.

Fan (for children 4-5 years old)

Make a fan out of a strip of paper by folding it into an accordion shape. Or take a ready-made fan. Have your child wave the fan in front of their face. What does he feel? What is the fan for? (in hot weather, the fan gives us a breeze that cools and helps us). Now let the kid try to wave the fan over the water. What happens to the water in the basin? Where did the waves come from?

Ask your child a riddle the next day. Ask why the riddle says “The wind blows - I don’t blow” (because it’s already cool and people don’t use a fan).

Sea battle (for children 4-5 years old)

What can happen to ships if there is a strong wind? (They may drown). Invite your child to make paper boats and play sea ​​battle. They play this game in pairs. You need to blow on your own and others' boats in order to sink enemy ships. You can blow both simultaneously and in turn.

After the game, ask the child how to blow to make the wind stronger (take in more air, exhale it stronger and sharper).

Where is warmer? (for children 5-6 years old)

This experience will help to find out what is easier - warm air or cold air.

1. Let's try to figure out where it is warmer in the room and where it is colder - on the floor or on the sofa (higher or lower). You can take a thermometer and measure the temperature and compare. You can hold your hand near the floor (next to the door) and at the top.

2. Then invite the child to hold his hand over the battery and under the battery. Where is warmer?

3. And you can also take a thin piece of paper (napkin) or cotton wool. Attach the top end of the strip of paper to the wall above the radiator (can be attached with construction tape or using Uni patafix plastic mass). At the same time, open the window above the battery. Warm air will rise up, and the piece of paper will begin to move and rise upwards.

4. We conclude that it is always warmer at the top. This means that warm air is lighter and it rises.

5. Ask the child: “Where do you sleep? Yes, in bed. It is now so arranged that children and adults sleep in beds. after all, it is warm in our city houses. And before, when there were no batteries, children and old people slept on the beds. Polats were located high above the floor and were arranged between the stove and the wall of the house. There was not one sleeping place on the beds, but many at once - several people slept on them nearby. Why did they sleep on the floors? (it was warm there even in winter, because the beds are at the top, where the warm air is)

Where does the wind come from - an experience for children 5-6 years old

The experience was developed by O.V. Dybina.

1. You will need a candle and a snake. The snake is very easy to make:

take a circle of thin paper and cut it in a spiral, then hang the resulting blank by the thread.

• Light a candle and blow on it. Why did the flame deflect? (blowing air).
• Place the snake over the candle flame. What's going on with the snake? She will start to spin. Why is she spinning? Because warm air goes up and lifts the snake.
• You can try to have the children do this experience themselves, but not with a candle! You need to hold the snake over a hot battery.

2. Go to the door (for example, leading to a glazed balcony) and try to determine where the wind is blowing at the top of the doorway (above) and near the floor (below). In order to determine which direction the wind is blowing, you can put two candles - below and above - and see where their flame deviates. Or take a thin napkin or cotton wool and bring it to the door. Where will she go?

3. Why does the wind blow in different directions? It turns out that at the top the air is escaping from the room to the outside. This is warm air. He goes outside. And cold air is heavier and it is at the bottom. He enters the room from the street. So it turns out "wind" in the room. But that's how wind works in nature.

Turns out, Wind is the movement of air! Warm air moves up and cold air moves down, and they tend to swap places.

4. You can draw with arrows where the wind blows in the room. The red arrow at the top of the doors will indicate warm air. And the blue arrow at the bottom is cold air.

5. If there is a draft in your room, and you often ask your child not to sit on the floor near the door, then remind him of this. Ask why you are asking him not to do this? Now he already knows what caused your request and will relate to its implementation in a completely different way!

Note: do not overload a preschooler with knowledge of physical phenomena that are still inaccessible to understanding, and say that atmospheric pressure distribution plays an important role in the appearance of wind. For a preschooler, such a short answer to his question “Why is there a wind” is quite enough. But the student can already explain other reasons associated with the appearance different kind wind. What kind of wind is and why it happens, you will see in this video for older children - school age.

Spinner experiments

Make a spinner with your child and take it for a walk. Show how to play with a turntable. Ask the child why she is spinning? (the wind hits its blades and it starts spinning). Observe with your baby when the spinner spins fast and when it spins slowly, and why does this happen?

How to make a spinner to play with the wind

The spinner is made of paper, thick foil or a sheet of thin plastic (folder, gift wrap or paper). How it can be done, you will see in the video.
http://youtu.be/YtnQqLNh1D0

And this is a scheme for making a turntable.

Experience "Wind in the Desert"

An experience game can be played in a sandbox or pour sand into a basin. Level the surface of the sand. And then invite the child to become the wind and blow on the sand. On the surface of his "sand desert" sand waves will begin to appear. If you continue to blow, then the sand will move from one place to another and you will get hills. Let the child try to make "dunes" - sandy hills. So the wind helps the sand to travel through the desert.

Let's discuss. Is wind good or bad? Why?

It is very important that in preschool age the child realized that not everything is so simple in the world, and in every phenomenon you can find good and bad sides. Important. so that he could think independently, could explain his point of view. These skills do not develop by themselves, but in communication with an adult who poses problematic questions with an ambiguous answer to the child.

Let's reason together.

Why is wind good? Because in the summer in the heat, when the wind blows, it is not so hot. Because the wind blows the sails and the ships can sail. Because the wind spreads the seeds of plants, with the help of the wind you can fly on hot-air balloon, run kites. The wind helps windmills and windmills to work.

Why is wind bad? If cold winter the wind blows, you freeze. At sea, in a strong wind, there is a storm, and ships can sink. A strong storm can destroy houses and uproot trees. The wind carries the seeds of not only useful plants, but also weeds.

Speech exercise "What is the wind like?"

Pick up with your child as many words as possible that describe what kind of wind it is. With the help of such exercises, you will not only enrich lexicon child, but also teach him to be attentive to the choice of words and to notice interesting figurative words in stories and fairy tales.

What wind? He gets strong. How to say differently? Violent, fast, furious wind, dashing, frantic, assertive, merciless, impetuous, ferocious, whistling, impetuous, terrible, hurricane, squall, furious, powerful, restless, piercing, cold, evil. fierce, angry, nasty, mournful, gloomy, terrible, icy.

And it happens the other way around - what kind of wind? Yes, weak, light. How to say differently? Gentle, quiet, warm, cheerful, southern, spring.

Now let's pick the words, what does the wind do? It blows, howls, makes noise, whistles, shakes trees, disperses clouds, drives leaves, brings sounds to us.

What is the name of light breeze? Breeze. What if the wind is strong? Windy. What if it's very strong? Storm, hurricane, storm, tornado.

How to conduct speech exercises for the selection of words?

I love to do such exercises with children on the selection of words in the form of a game. For example, if we play with words in winter, we help the wind cover the earth with snowflakes. One word is one snowflake! And you need to cover a lot of the land shown in the picture! So we select words for a very long time, because we cannot allow a bush or a flower to freeze without snow! We picked up the word - put a paper snowflake on our winter landscape. One more word - they put the second snowflake and so on until we cover the whole earth. I suggest the most difficult, rare words, children say more common words.

If we play in the fall, then we help the wind to pluck the leaves or transfer the seeds. You can come up with any game situation. In such games, the child sees the result of his efforts and therefore seeks to pick up as many words about the wind as possible. I am always surprised, but this is a fact - children remember exactly where THEIR snowflake or leaf, which they helped the wind and what exactly covered their snowflake, even if the game is played in a large group of kids!!!

I call this method of work "the visual result of speech." If you just pick up a lot of words, then the children do not understand the meaning - why this is necessary, and they get bored. And by doing game task with a result that can be seen, felt, they become interested! The rich vocabulary that children receive as a result of such exercises is oh so necessary both at school and in life!

How children were introduced to the wind in the 19th century

Informative stories for children about the wind by Leo Tolstoy. The second Russian book for reading - 1875

Why there is wind (reasoning)

Fish live in water, but humans live in the air. The fish cannot hear or see the water until the fish themselves move, or until the water moves. And we also do not hear the air until we move or the air does not move.

But as soon as we run, we hear the air - we blow in the face; and sometimes you can hear when we run, how the air whistles in our ears. When we open the door to the warm upper room, the wind always blows from below from the courtyard into the upper room, and from above it blows from the upper room into the courtyard.

When someone walks around the room or waves a dress, we say: “he makes the wind”, and when the stove is heated, the wind always blows into it. When the wind blows in the yard, it blows for whole days and nights, sometimes in one direction, sometimes in the other. This happens because somewhere on earth the air gets very hot, and in another place it cools down - then the wind begins, and a cold spirit comes from below, and a warm one from above, just like from the courtyard to the hut. And until then it blows until it warms up where it was cold, and cools down where it was hot.

Why does the wind blow? (Reasoning)

They will tie a cross of two torches and tie four more torches around the cross. Everything is covered with paper. A bast tail will be tied to one end, and a long string will be tied to the other, and a kite will come out. Then they will take the kites, scatter into the wind and let them go. The wind will pick up the kite, carry it high into the sky. And the serpent trembles, and buzzes, and breaks, and turns, and waving its bast tail.

If there was no wind, it would be impossible to fly a kite

They will make four wings from the board, fix them with a cross into a shaft, and attach gears and wheels with cams to the shaft, so that when the shaft rotates, it would cling to the gears and wheels, and the wheels would turn the millstones. Then the wings will be placed against the wind: the wings will begin to turn, the gears and wheels will hook onto each other, and the millstone will turn on another millstone. And then they pour grain between two millstones; the grain is ground, and flour is poured into the ladle.

If there was no wind, it would be impossible to grind grain in windmills

When they are sailing in a boat and want to sail faster, they will take, in the middle of the boat, they will insert a large pole into the hole, a crossbar is attached to this pole. A canvas sail will be attached to this crossbar, a rope will be tied to the bottom of the sail and held in hands. Then they set the sails against the wind. And then the wind will inflate the sail so tightly that the boat bends to one side, the rope is torn from the hands, and the boat will sail downwind so quickly that the water will rumble under the bow of the boat, and the shores will definitely run back past the boat.

If there was no wind, it would not be possible to sail with a sail

Where people live, there is an evil spirit; if there were no wind, this spirit would remain so. And the wind will come, disperse the bad spirit and bring good from the forests and from the fields, fresh air. If there was no wind, people would inhale and spoil the air. The air would all stand still, and people would have to leave the place where they breathed.

When wild animals walk through forests and fields, they always walk into the wind, and hear with their ears, and smell with their noses what is ahead of them. If there was no wind, they would not know where to go.

Almost all herbs, bushes and trees are such that in order for a seed to start on a grass, bush or tree, it is necessary that dust from one flower fly to another flower. Flowers are far from each other, and they cannot send their dust from one to another.

When cucumbers grow in greenhouses where there is no wind, then people pick one flower themselves and put it on top of another so that the color dust gets on fruit flower and there would be an ovary. Bees and other insects sometimes carry dust from flower to flower on their paws, but most of all this dust is carried by the wind. If there was no wind, half of the plants would be seedless.

In warm weather, steam rises above the water. This steam rises higher, and when it cools at the top, it falls down. raindrops.
Steam rises above the ground only where there is water - over streams, over swamps, over ponds and rivers, most of all over the sea. If there were no wind, the vapors would not walk, but would gather into clouds above the water and fall again where they rose. Over the stream, over the swamp, over the river, over the sea there would be rain, but on the ground, in the fields and forests there would be no rain. The wind blows the clouds and waters the earth. If there were no wind, then where there is water, there would be more water, and the whole earth would dry up.

Logical problem about the wind by Leo Tolstoy

Why, when it is windy without frost, do you feel more chilly than when it is frosty without wind?

Discuss with your child on this topic after you have conducted experiments with cold and warm air, showing the child how wind is formed. And here is the answer to this question given to children in the 19th century by Lev Nikolayevich:

Because the heat from the body passes into the air, and if it is quiet, then the air around the body heats up and stays warm. But when the wind blows, it carries the heated air and brings in cold air. Again, heat leaves the body and heats the air around it, and again the wind carries the warm air. When a lot of heat leaves the body, then you will feel cold.

Knowing the answer to the first question, try with your child to answer the following question of Leo Tolstoy to children: "Why, when tea is hot in a cup, do they blow on it?" The child can guess the correct answer by analogy with the previous logical task.

You can read the continuation of games and activities about wind and air with children in the section :

1) What is air for? Properties of air in entertaining experiments for children

"Speech development from 0 to 7 years: what is important to know and what to do. Cheat sheet for parents"

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I have always been interested in various natural elements. One of the most interesting and amazing natural phenomena for me is the wind. How good is a light refreshing breeze on a hot summer day, but how it spoils the weather on a dank and rainy autumn. :(

What is wind

Wind is the movement of air masses in a horizontal direction..

But for me, the wind is a stream of air that refreshes the body in the summer heat, it is a feeling of a light caressing touch of the sea breeze, it is hair fluttering through the air, the rustle of leaves on trees.

Where does the wind come from

In the past, people thought that the winds were powerful beings that had great power. According to beliefs, the winds blew for a reason. The reason for strong winds, hurricanes, storms was considered the anger of these creatures.

Now, our thinking has changed somewhat. Most of us no longer believe in the existence of spirits. Therefore, I will explain from a scientific point of view how wind is formed. This phenomenon occurs due to the difference in atmospheric pressure. Areas with different pressures have different temperatures and densities. Cold air is dense, it weighs more than warm air and the pressure in it is higher, so it tends to move into an area with warm rarefied air. As a result of these processes, wind arises.

For me, the wind is a unique phenomenon. There are many interesting facts about him. Here are just a few of them:

• The wind can blow in a vertical direction, but at the same time significantly loses in speed.
• The most terrible winds blow in Antarctica. Their power lies in their tremendous speed (just imagine, it reaches about 60 km per hour!), Combined with exceptionally low temperatures. In such conditions, I would definitely not be able to live.
• The wind with the highest speed is a tornado. This a natural phenomenon usually lasts only a few minutes and, for inexplicable reasons, always occurs in the afternoon. What is surprising is that every tornado is unique. It has its own exclusive look, shade, sound and even smell!
• The highest wind speed fixed on the planet Neptune.

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How many associations evokes in me such an element as the wind. This is freedom of action, and an endless feeling that you do not need to do anything, and power, since this element can be destructive, and much more. As for me, every person can associate himself with the wind, since every person loves freedom, and this element has no boundaries, no obligations, and it cannot be tamed.

Why does the wind blow on the planet?

Wind is the movement of air. The Sun makes it move, not directly, but indirectly. The sun's rays heat the Earth, and the resulting heat heats the air, which causes it to rise. At the top it cools down and sinks back down. Also, another reason for the movement of air is the rotation of the Earth around its axis. Due to this feature of our planet, winds are formed in the Northern Hemisphere that move to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left.

You can check how heat affects the air without leaving your apartment. To do this, you need to go to the door where the balcony is located, and take 2 candles, or napkins or fleece with you. Put these items at the bottom and top of the opening and see where they deviate. If you take candles, then you need to light them and also put them on. You can already check by the fire, where it leans, the wind will blow there. At the top of the opening, the air will be warm and will go outside, and at the bottom there will be cold air that will move in.

Wind is an element whose appearance can be predicted, but sometimes it is unpredictable. It is one of the factors that determine the weather for the near future.

Here are some Interesting Facts wind related:

1. Port Martin is considered the windiest place on Earth. There, the average wind speed is 20 meters per second.
2. The fastest winds in solar system blow on Neptune. Their speed can exceed 2000 km/h.
3. In nature, vertical winds occur. This is not a long-term phenomenon, as they quickly lose their speed.
4. In 1999, the fastest wind in the state of Oklahoma was recorded, which reached a speed of 512 km per hour.

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One of the first things I learned as a child was exactly why the wind blows. I asked this question to my mother when we were walking down the street, and the elements were almost raging around. When I got older, I myself learned in detail about this phenomenon.

Cause the wind blows

Before you begin to talk about why the wind blows, you need to understand what this phenomenon is. In essence, wind is a flow of horizontally moving air. It's that simple.

The occurrence of wind is due to the fact that atmospheric pressure is unevenly distributed over the surface of the Earth. This difference, in turn, is largely due to differences in air temperature in different areas.

The wind blows from an area where the pressure is high towards where the pressure is low. To better understand this principle, you can imagine an ordinary balloon. When it is inflated, the compressive forces of the rubber walls act on it. Therefore, if the ball is untied, almost all the air will quickly leave it, creating a short-term weak gust.

For reference, here are some examples of types of winds:

• trade winds and monsoons - tropical;
• westerly winds (temperate zone);
• east winds (polar belt).

Detailed information on this topic can be easily found on your own.

Why do hurricanes occur

In everyday life, any strong wind is called a hurricane. But a real such phenomenon may originate in the Atlantic or in the eastern part Pacific Ocean. A hurricane is a cyclone that forms in the tropical zone.

This phenomenon occurs when a certain area of ​​the ocean warms up to 26 degrees or more. This causes very warm and humid air to rise up where it condenses, causing other air masses to rise. In the process, it all twists with great force, which causes a strong wind. At the same time, it is customary to consider phenomena when air moves at a speed of 130 or more kilometers per hour as hurricanes.

Both normal and hurricane winds are of the same nature. But the latter bring great destruction with them.

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One day I became interested in how to explain such a phenomenon as "gusts of wind." After a bit of searching on the Internet, I came across a lot of information about Ancient Greece, where everything happened "thanks to the power of the Gods and their desires." However, modern scholars have provided many more answers than the mythology of the Greeks.

What moves the air

If we discard the many descendants and minor demigods, then only a few main characters of mythology can be noted. In ancient Greece, there were 4 main gods of the winds:

• Boreas - North wind.
• Notus - South wind.
• Evus - East wind.
• Zephyr - West wind.

Mythology is silent about Notus and Evus, while whole tales and twisted myths were composed about Boreas and Zephyr, which told about their exploits, love affairs, battles, greatness and strength. With their power, they described storms, gusts of wind, bad weather.

Boreas was most revered, for which there were several reasons:

• The north wind destroyed the fleet of the Persians who attacked Greece.
• Boreas' wife was Orithyia.
• He had the ability to crush enemies with the power of the wind.

For his power in Athens, sanctuaries were erected in his honor, he helped the Greeks in the coming battles and the fruitfulness of mares. Entire epics were composed about the strength of the wings of Boreas, which told how he swept away the regiments of enemies with just one wave.

The Greeks associated gusts of wind with the wrath of the gods if it caused devastating damage to merchant ships or buildings. In such cases, they made sacrifices to the gods in order to appease them, and hoped that the bad weather would stop.

How the wind blows - modern version

After reading science articles, was able to find an explanation in a more or less understandable language. The sun's rays pass through our atmosphere, while warming up all its "layers". And, as you know, with an increase in temperature, the air lends itself to expansion, but since the light passes unevenly, all areas acquire a different temperature, respectively, a different pressure. The places where the pressure starts to drop can be said to "push out" the less dense areas, which allows the air to pick up speed.

Something like this comes out that very pleasant summer breeze that pleases us on hot days. Of course, he is not particularly happy at -20 in winter, when the nose is already at the limit of freezing ...

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For as long as I can remember, I have always disliked the wind. I do not surf, I do not plan to travel on sailing ships. Personally, the wind can be useful to me only in the heat, when it brings a little relief and a breath of air. But most often the wind spoils the mood and hair, stubbornly drives cold rain under the umbrella, and even turns the umbrella inside out, and most importantly, makes me resentful and exclamations “yes where does it even come from, this wind? Since I walk to work every day, the last question arises more and more often, so I had to fish out my knowledge from geography lessons from the depths of my memory.

What is wind and why does it appear

Wind - it's fast,impetuous(That's right, in gusts, we feel the wind on ourselves) air movement. Air moves from a place where there is more of it to where it is less. In cold areas, there is more air per unit area. Warm air has less density and therefore does not have much pressure.

Example: why the wind almost always blows near reservoirs

I remember from childhood that our parents never allowed us to go swimming on the very first hot June day. They said, "The water hasn't warmed up yet." Really, water heats up slower than air. So, between water and air, until it stands for several days hot weather, there is just the same favorable space, where the wind can roam - from the colder surface of the water ( high pressure areas) to warm land ( areas low pressure ).

There are regular winds (depending on latitude, they are western or eastern), and there are those that are formed taking into account local features. The wind could be even stronger (I'm afraid to imagine it) if it moved freely. But there are obstacles on the surface of the Earth that prevent the rapid flight of air:

• mountains;
• hills;
• forests;
• erected by man buildings.

Therefore, in the city between the houses you can hide from the wind, but there is nowhere to hide in the field. The wind is able to demolish trees and roofs of buildings on its way, and even a person is defenseless in front of it.

The only thing I appreciate about the wind is that it is a renewable energy resource, which, moreover, mankind has already learned to use.

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Traditionally, in the summer, my family and I go to the lakes of Khakassia to relax from the noisy city. Tents, fire, ear, mountains, sunset and ... wind. Here is such peculiarity in the form of wind it is inherent in Khakassia, the wind is almost constant there, although I see a very big plus in this - the absence of blood-sucking insects. But why the wind blows, it is worth understanding.

What is the wind

The wind itself is a movingairflow. Winds differ in strength, direction and duration. Wind is a unique phenomenon. There is a holiday in his honor - wind day and celebrate it on June 15th. The purpose of creating such a holiday is to attract attention society to wind energy potential. Indeed, according to experts in this field, wind energy helps to solve problems not only of the energy plan, but also economic and environmental.

Why is it windy

More Halley explained occurrence of wind By the way, that was over 300 years ago. The thought of his conjecture was as follows: comes into action when the temperature drops archimedean force,warm air rises and cold air sinks.

The scientific point of view confirms Halley's thoughts, modern scientists formulate the cause of the wind as follows: uneven heating of the earth's surface.

The most curious thing about the wind

You can observe the wind in absolutely different parts of the Earth. I will reveal the most curious facts about the wind.

In addition to many scientific varieties of wind, there is also a classification given by mankind.

• Wind is a doctor. So people call the cool, summer sea breeze.

• watermelon wind. It is present on the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea, during the ripening of melons.
• Baby wind. A mild Kamchatka wind helps women dry clothes quickly.

Why does the wind arise in the mountains

So it came to explain the cause of the occurrence of wind in the highlands of the Republic of Khakassia. Mountains can act as wind-forming factor, so be it barrier for him. At high altitudes in the mountains, the air warms up faster than in the lowlands; low pressure zone, which leads to wind formation. That's it interesting phenomenon represents the wind. And I will tell my children about it by the fire on my next trip to the lakes.

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How to explain to a child why the wind blows

I'll tell from personal experience that for children at an early age quite often this phenomenon is of particular interest. The child cannot understand why the wind blows in one place and not in another. The main thing is to say that cold wind is formed due to low air temperature.

For my daughter to understand everything, I showed her good example. She took an incompletely inflated balloon and began to blow it with a hair dryer. ball noticeably increased its volume and climbed up. So I made it clear warm air light, he always rises. After that, I took the same balloon and put it in the refrigerator. She began to tell her daughter that the Earth is huge, so in one place can be cold, and on the opposite side will be hot at the same time. I took the ball out of the fridge and we saw that it was several times reduced its volume.

Through this experiment, my child realized that cold air always tends to occupy the territory of warm air. 0
hang glider

Dominance of the wind on the planet

In most places Earth dominated by air masses and have a certain direction. Usually, at the poles East winds meet moderate climate - western, and in tropical the wind is blowing east again. Places of calm, where the winds almost do not prevail, are found in polar region And subtropical zone . Here the air moves, mainly, vertically, what is the reason high level humidity.

The role of wind in people's lives

In people's lives, the wind plays a huge role, influencing:

1. transport design;
2. energy extraction;
3. recreation and sports;
4. increase in destruction.

The first point is the use of the wind for movement on ships with sails or on non-powered aircraft (for example, a hang glider). as a source energy wind was used for the first time Sinhalese() to kindle the stove. Another example is the use of windmills for both mechanical processing and energy production. The first mention of the mill is attributed Heron who lived in 1st century AD. Currently gaining momentum wind energy(wind power plants).

wind farms

In sports and recreation used for hang gliding, paragliding, hot air ballooning, etc. If speak about destructive the action of the wind, it can both destroy a poorly built bridge with sharp gusts and damage power lines. Also, the wind can exacerbate the spread of a fire. Wind speed from 12 m/s capable of knocking down a large tree. Winds with speed 35 m/s capable of damaging buildings, stripping paint off cars, or breaking windows. And, here, before the wind with speed 90 m/s not a single building in the world is able to resist.

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The Earth, like many other celestial bodies, is surrounded by an atmosphere - a shell of gases that is held around the planet by gravity, or the force of attraction.


The individual molecules of the gases that make up the atmosphere move in different directions at different speeds. The earth's atmosphere weighs five quadrillion tons, and the air pressure in its different parts is different. It is because of the difference in atmospheric pressure that such a natural phenomenon as wind arises.

Air temperature and atmospheric pressure

Separate parts of the air in the atmosphere have different temperatures. In warm streams, molecules move at high speed and scatter faster in different directions. it is for this reason that it is more rarefied, its weight decreases, and the atmospheric pressure it creates decreases.

In areas of the atmosphere with colder air, the opposite happens: molecules form clusters with a high density, the weight of such areas increases, and, accordingly, atmospheric pressure rises.

Air always moves from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure. To understand this mechanism, it is enough to imagine how the dam works: if you open the floodgates between sections with a height of 7 and 5 meters, then the water will flow to where its level was originally lower, that is, to a site with a lower height. And this movement will continue until the level in both areas is equal.

Similarly, the movement of atmospheric masses occurs, which, in turn, forms such a phenomenon as the wind.

Breezes, monsoons, trade winds

Imagine a clear, fine day by the sea. The sun affects both the water and the shore, but its mobility prevents the rapid heating of the water: the upper layers, which are warmer, constantly mix with the cooler lower layers. This prevents the water from heating up as fast as the shore.

The air over the coast is warmer than over the sea. And this warm air expands rather quickly, the distance between the molecules inside this area increases, and the pressure decreases. As a result, air with more high pressure(that is, air from the sea) moves to where the pressure is lower, that is, towards the land, and brings coolness to the coast.

At night, everything happens the other way around: the water cools more slowly than the land, and the wind begins to blow from the land to the sea, the air above which is warmer than over the coast. This wind is called a breeze - day and night. By the way, the direction of the wind in the mountains also changes with the time of day: during the day the wind blows from the valley towards the mountains, and at night - from the mountains to the valley.

The breeze changes direction twice a day. There are winds that change direction twice a year, in summer and winter; these winds are called monsoons. The principle of direction change is similar to the principle according to which a breeze is formed: air pressure is low over warm land in summer, and cool air moves from the ocean.


In winter, the monsoon blows from the rapidly cooling coast towards the still warm water. The change of monsoons entails a change in the weather: instead of dry and slightly cloudy, it becomes rainy. Monsoons are characteristic of the eastern part of the mainland - where the coast is in contact with a wide strip of ocean.

In addition to variables, the Earth also has constant winds - trade winds and westerly winds. Throughout the year, winds blow near the surface of the Earth, directed from the 30th latitudes with high pressure towards the equator, where the pressure is lower. But, since the planet rotates around its axis, these winds seem to twist in a spiral: in the Northern Hemisphere - to the southwest from the northeast, in the Southern - from the southeast to the northwest.

Western winds are formed due to the movement of air masses from the 30th latitudes to the poles. It is the trade winds that bring dry air to the Sahara, and the westerly winds bring wet and rainy weather from the Atlantic to Europe.

Wind speed, strength and direction

Scientists characterize winds by their speed and strength. Speed ​​is measured in points or meters per second (one point is about two meters per second). The strength of the wind depends on the difference in atmospheric pressure between different areas: the greater this difference, the more powerful the wind.

The Beaufort scale was developed in the 19th century to estimate the strength of the wind, and since 1874 it has been adopted for use in international synoptic practice. Over the decades, changes and additions have been made to the scale, and today winds are rated using a 12-point system.

For example, no wind, or calm, corresponds to 0 points. Weak wind is estimated at 3 points, fresh - at 5, strong - at 6 points. Wind force of 9 points is already a storm, and 12 - a hurricane. The Beaufort scale is actively used today, primarily in marine navigation.

Any wind is also characterized in terms of its direction. The direction is determined, depending on the side of the horizon from which the wind blows: if from the north, then the wind is north, if from the south, then south. The direction of the wind depends not only on the difference in atmospheric pressure, but also on the rotation of the Earth around its axis.


Wind is large air currents, with which huge masses of atmospheric gas molecules move. These streams can cover thousands of kilometers and circle the entire earth, or they can have local, “local” scales, like the winds near the sea and at the foot of the mountains described above.

Air only seems weightless to us; to understand that the atmosphere really has a density, it is enough to put your hand outside the window of a moving car - you will immediately feel how a stream of air flows around your hand.

This is something mysterious. We never see it, but we always feel it. So why does the wind blow? Find out in the article!

Wind is the movement of air masses. Even though we can't see air, we know it's made up of molecules. various kinds gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Wind is a phenomenon in which many molecules move in the same direction.

Where does it come from? Wind is caused by pressure differences in the Earth's atmosphere: air from an area of ​​high pressure will move towards an area of ​​low pressure. Strong winds occur when air moves between areas with huge differences in pressure levels. Actually, this fact largely explains why the wind blows from the sea to land.

wind formation

Wind is the movement of air near the surface of the earth. It can be a gentle breeze or a violent storm. The strongest winds occur during events called tornadoes, cyclones, and hurricanes. It is caused by changes in air, land and water temperature. As air moves parallel to a warm surface, it heats up and rises, leaving room for cooler masses. The air "flowing" into these empty spaces is the wind. It is named after the direction it comes from, not the direction it blows.

Breezes: coastal and sea

Coastal and sea breezes are wind and weather phenomena that are characteristic of coastal areas. A coastal breeze is a breeze blowing from land to a body of water. The sea breeze is the wind blowing from the water to the land. Why does the wind blow from the sea and vice versa? Coastal and sea breezes arise due to a significant difference in the temperatures of the land and water surfaces. They can extend to depths of up to 160 km, or appear as local phenomena that quickly subside in the first few kilometers along the coastline.

From a scientific point of view...

Land and sea breeze patterns can greatly influence the distribution of fog, causing pollution to accumulate or disperse inland. Ongoing research into the principles of land and sea breeze circulation also includes attempts to model wind patterns that affect energy needs (eg heating and cooling requirements) in affected areas. Wind also has an impact on weather-dependent operations (for example, with an aircraft).

Since water has a much higher heat capacity than sands or other materials in the earth's crust, with a certain amount of solar radiation (insolation), its temperature will rise more slowly than on land. Regardless of the temperature scale, in the daytime the temperature of the land can fluctuate within tens of degrees, while near the water it changes by less than half a degree. Conversely, high heat capacity prevents rapid changes in liquid temperature at night, and thus, while land temperatures can drop by tens of degrees, water temperatures remain relatively stable. In addition, the lower heat capacity of crustal materials often allows them to cool faster than the sea.

Physics of the sea and land

So why is there a strong wind? The air above the respective land and water surfaces heats up or cools down depending on the conductivity of these surfaces. Over the course of a day heat land leads to the emergence of warmer and, consequently, less dense and lighter air masses over the coast compared to those adjacent to the surface of the water. As warm air rises (a phenomenon of convection), colder air moves towards voids. This is why the wind blows from the sea, and during the day there is usually a cool sea breeze going from the ocean to the shore.

Depending on the temperature difference and the amount of air lifted, the sea breeze can gust at 17 to 25 km per hour. How more difference temperatures between land and sea, the stronger the land wind and sea breeze.

Why does the wind blow from the sea

After sunset, the air mass over coastal land quickly loses heat, while over water it is usually not too different from its daytime temperature. When the air mass above the land becomes cooler than the air mass above the water, the land wind begins to blow from the land to the sea.

The excitation of warm moist air from the ocean often leads to the formation of over coastline daytime clouds. In addition, the movement of air masses and sea breezes are often used by tourists for hang-gliding flights. Although land and sea breezes dominate the sea ​​coast, they are also frequently recorded near large bodies of water. Coastal and sea breezes lead to higher levels of humidity, precipitation and moderate temperatures in coastal areas.

Explanation for children: why the wind blows

Sea breezes are most common on hot summer days due to the unequal heating rates of land and water. During the day, the land surface heats up faster than the sea surface. Therefore, part of the atmosphere above the earth is warmer than above the ocean.

Now remember that warm air is lighter than colder air. As a result, he rises. As a result of this process, cooler air over the ocean takes up space near the earth's surface to replace the rising warm masses.

However, it is worth knowing that wind is formed not only as a result of differences in temperature. The global motions of the atmosphere result from the rotation of the Earth. These winds group the trade winds and monsoons. The trade winds occur near the equator and move either from the north or from the south towards the equator. In the middle latitudes of the Earth, between 35 and 65 degrees, westerly winds prevail. They blow from west to east and also towards the poles. Polar winds blow near the north and south poles. They move from the poles to the east or to the west, respectively.

Our world is full of mysteries and interesting things. To solve them is the task of mankind. Even greater discoveries are ahead of us, but for now we already know exactly the answer to the question of how and why the wind blows, as well as what factors determine its formation. This makes it possible to predict changes in weather conditions.