Liquid food for patients with a broken jaw. Nutrition for a broken jaw

Instruction

When a jaw is fractured, the surgeon places metal or rubber splints on both jaws of the patient - this is necessary to fix the bone fragments, otherwise proper healing of the fracture will not be achieved. Tires make jaws long time be in a closed state, so chewing solid food is excluded until a callus forms at the fracture site. Sometimes fixation is carried out in such a way that the patient is able to open his mouth, however, even in this case, chewing large pieces is temporarily difficult.

Typically, during the first days, patients are forced to take only liquid food. Feeding is carried out through a sippy cup with a tube, and the tube is inserted through the gaps at the site of missing teeth removed during a fracture, or through the gap behind the “wisdom teeth”. The patient's serious condition is an indication for feeding through a gastric tube or for introducing nutrient solutions into a vein using a dropper. A little later, the patient begins to eat, sucking food from a spoon or through a thin tube inserted between.

If splints are applied to both jaws, the consistency of any food taken by the patient should not be thicker than the consistency of regular cream. If the patient can open his mouth a little, he is allowed to eat food that is crushed and diluted with liquid to the consistency of sour cream.

For patients with a fractured jaw, vegetable puree soups with meat or vegetable broth, liquid porridges and vegetable purees, boiled meat, minced twice and diluted with broth, are recommended. The menu must include calcium-rich fermented milk products - kefir, sour cream, pureed cottage cheese and diluted with milk, yoghurts.

Some patients, before removing the splints, switch to foods from the first years of life - fruit, vegetable and meat purees, special cereals made from crushed cereals, juices.

It is important to ensure that the consistency of the food is as uniform as possible - if the patient eats through a straw, pieces may get stuck in it, and if the patient sucks food from a spoon, food particles may remain on the splints and front teeth, which significantly complicates hygiene procedures.

Monotonous liquid food can cause digestive problems - most often, patients with jaw fractures experience constipation or gallbladder dysfunction. You can get rid of constipation by including beet puree and beet juice in your diet or by taking large quantities on an empty stomach vegetable oil. Increasing the proportion of choleretic products in the diet - animal and vegetable fat, eggs.

Nutrition for a jaw fracture must be balanced to ensure the patient’s recovery as quickly as possible. What to feed a person with a broken jaw? All products must have a certain consistency, often puree-like or liquid, since in this state the victim is not capable of full jaw movement. Chewing function is impaired, swallowing function is complicated. In order to reduce pain, it is important to properly organize your diet.

What foods to feed the patient

A broken jaw apparatus is one of the most serious injuries. In addition to impaired aesthetics (since facial features are distorted), chewing and swallowing functions often suffer, so it is very important to restore them as quickly as possible.

At first after injury, the patient can only be fed through a special tube. Broth and liquid food are served through it. We recommend soups ground through a sieve or crushed to a puree-like consistency. But since such food is monotonous, the doctor recommends switching to special mixtures that you can eat in this state. These mixtures contain all the necessary components:

• vitamin substances;
• microelements.

Such food can be consumed even horizontally. This food can be purchased at pharmacies. It is sold in the form of a dry powder, which is poured with boiled water. You can also purchase the product in the form of a ready-to-drink liquid. There are no contraindications to the use of such mixtures. It is recommended to feed them in parallel with regular food.

In hospital for severe jaw injury, one of the feeding methods is tube feeding. In this way, food penetrates directly into the esophagus, and the functions digestive system are not disturbed, metabolism occurs as usual.

People with a broken jaw can also be fed through a straw or bottle if they are allowed to stand up and move around.

Features of the diet

During outpatient treatment, when splints are installed, it is recommended to follow the following nutritional principles:

1. Consumption of chicken broth.
2. Eating soup with meat broth. As many nutritional components as possible are added to it (greens, spinach, and celery are especially recommended). You can also add finely chopped cheese. All components are first mixed in a blender, then they must be ground through a fine sieve several times so that the smallest particles do not get stuck in the tire.
3. You can drink freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices, but without pulp.
4. You can use jelly, fruit drinks, compotes.
5. Liquid lactic acid products are allowed.
6. Formulas for children are allowed.

All food items offered must be optimal temperature not hot, as the tires installed do not allow food to cool down. Particles of solid food should not be larger in consistency than semolina.

As you recover, you can add solid foods to your diet to gradually restore chewing function. You cannot introduce crackers, hard fruits and vegetables, or too hard foods at this stage.

Experts highlight General requirements to the menu of patients with fractures of the jaw apparatus. Regardless of the conditions in which treatment is carried out (in a hospital or at home), the dietary requirements are the same:

1. It is recommended to consume liquid foods with high calorie content. They should contain vitamins and valuable microelements.
2. To diversify the diet, use products such as milk, vegetable or meat broths without solid food particles.
3. Puree boiled vegetables - potatoes, carrots, beets, tomatoes, herbs, cabbage, bell peppers.
4. Pasta ground through a sieve.
5. Boiled or ground porridge.
6. Puree cottage cheese, liquid fermented milk products.
7. Shredded chicken and turkey meat. You can buy ready-made baby kits - meat, vegetable purees.
8. Freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices.
9. Any vegetable oils.

Meals must be fractional - eat often, but in small portions, at intervals of two to three hours. You should absolutely not drink alcoholic beverages. Additionally, careful hygiene should be observed. oral cavity, teeth and tires. Introduce solid foods gradually as the patient recovers.

With the right approach to nutrition during the rehabilitation period, you can get all the necessary beneficial vitamins, micro and macroelements.

Traumatologist-orthopedist of the highest category. Adult and children's specialist, Moscow State Medical University, 1998

Throughout life, a person receives various injuries. One of the problematic damages is considered. With such trauma, the patient’s bones are damaged, soft tissues. Some patients are missing part of their dentition.

Such an injury is accompanied by the installation of various medical structures. They fix the jaw in the correct position. After installing the structure, patients are interested in how nutrition occurs during a jaw fracture.

Fixation of jaw fragments is carried out different ways. For any fixation, a metal ligature is used. The wire firmly holds the jaw closed.

The ligature does not allow the patient to perform habitual movements. Chewing movements also become impossible.

For this reason, several nutritional methods are used. Doctors use the following methods of introducing food into the body:

• Oral method;
• Using a special sippy cup;
• Intravenous method;
• Administration of nutritional enemas;
• Sounding.

Many patients prefer the oral method. But this method of eating is possible only in the absence of additional medical devices in the oral cavity. With the oral method, food is consumed in the usual way. The patient uses a spoon, plate and cup. But this method is not always allowed.

When additional structures are installed, food cannot enter the body in the usual way. In this case, medical workers use a special sippy cup. The spout of the sippy cup is made of elastic rubber and is long. It is inserted behind the wisdom tooth or existing gaps. The sippy cup is turned upside down. Food enters the oral cavity.

The patient swallows food in an appropriate amount. During the first days, feeding is carried out by nurses. The patient continues to consume food independently. But this method is not suitable for all people.

As a result of severe injuries, the person is unconscious. In this state, swallowing movements are completely excluded.

To maintain viability, an intravenous method is used. A nutritious medicinal solution is injected into a patient's vein through a drip. It maintains body functions until consciousness returns.

Nutrient enemas are rarely used. Enema solution contains a large number of useful substances. But this method does not allow a person to eat properly. The intestinal walls are capable of absorbing no more than 20% of incoming substances. For this reason, this method is used only in the absence of the listed methods.

Probing is common in hospital settings. The probe is inserted into the stomach through the nasal opening. Probing is necessary for immobilized patients. The tube is also installed in patients who have a complex system for fastening jaw fragments. The nutritional mixture is supplied using a syringe.

A small portion of the solution is drawn into the syringe. The portion is carefully inserted into the free edge of the tube. After administering the required dose of the solution, the probe is secured to the cheek using an adhesive tape. Also, the inside of the tube is periodically cleaned with a special solution.

Food characteristics

A jaw fracture is accompanied by loss of the ability to chew food. For this reason, eating regular food is prohibited.

Products are used only in a crushed state. The following types of food are used for nutrition:

• Puree dish;
• Probing mixture;
• Vitamin solutions.

Puree food can be made from any product. The prepared dish is crushed using a blender. The finished puree is introduced into the body through a sippy cup or using a spoon. When serving, the temperature of the dish is measured.

Optimal readings are considered to be 40–45 degrees. Cold or hot food irritates the walls of the stomach. This causes increased production of digestive enzymes. The patient feels hungry after eating.

When choosing products, the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is taken into account. The patient needs a high protein content and an equal ratio of fats and carbohydrates. For the diet after a jaw fracture, fast proteins are used. They differ in the speed of absorption by the body. Fast protein provides long-lasting satiety and is slowly removed from the circulatory system.

For probing, pharmacies offer a ready-made mixture. It is available in powder and cocktail form. The powder contains various vitamins and microelements necessary for the rapid restoration of the skeletal frame.

The composition also has a balanced ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Before insertion into the probe, the powder is dissolved with warm water in a certain ratio. This makes it easier for the mixture to pass through the probe. Cocktails are ready-made. One container of the drink is enough for two days for one person.

When administered intravenously, food products are excluded. The nutrient solution consists of vitamins. The basis of the solution is glucose. It is responsible for metabolic processes and affects the feeling of satiety. The solution is made by mixing different vitamins in the system. A nutritional injection is given to the patient 3-4 times a day.

Types of nutrition change as the patient recovers. Before discharge from the clinic, most patients are transferred to oral nutrition.

Eating at home

In the hospital, food is prepared by specialists. This allows you to receive the necessary useful material and microelements. At home, the person is responsible for the quality of food consumed. Before discharge, doctors give a list of recommended products. Also offered sample menu for a week.

The list includes the following products:

1. Cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir;
2. Buckwheat and oatmeal;
3. Chopped greens;
4. Vegetables and fruits;
5. Juices;
6. Vegetable oil.

After production, these products are crushed in a blender to a puree state. The patient also needs to monitor the temperature of the dish.

Only warm food is allowed. When purchasing dairy products, exclude milk. It increases the viscosity of saliva. Milk is consumed together with tea or coffee.

It is not recommended to drink alcoholic beverages. In patients with a jaw fracture, the stomach is actively working. The absorption of alcohol into the blood is fast. Rapid drunkenness sets in. It provokes the contraction of the walls of the stomach. Vomiting occurs. With a broken jaw, this causes additional problems.

It is important to maintain oral hygiene. After eating, the cavity is treated with a special solution. Cleansing eliminates the development of additional infections in the wound zone.

Nutrition for a broken jaw is carefully monitored by specialists. Proper food speeds up the recovery of the body. The fracture grows rapidly. The patient returns to normal life.

It can provoke a distortion of the face and a violation of chewing functions. Due to tissue tears in the mouth and damage to the teeth, the only option for recovery is splinting. A mandibular fracture is considered more serious. A patient with a fracture of the jaw is transferred to artificial feeding.

To quickly restore functions and bones, the patient’s diet should be carefully selected; it should be balanced and nutritious. Considering the impossibility of chewing, food should be of liquid consistency and optimal temperature.

What can you eat

If you have a tire, the ration is not very large. The patient is allowed milk, vegetable or meat broth as the main food. To replenish proteins, you can drink raw eggs. To provide fiber, crushed oatmeal is prescribed. When preparing soup, it is subsequently ground in a blender and given as a liquid puree. In addition, the patient can be offered:

• Compote.
• Kissel.
• Baby food mixtures and purees.
• Fermented milk products without solid particles.
• Vegetable and fruit juices.
• Ground porridge diluted with milk or broth.

When the splint is removed, you should return to your usual food gradually, avoiding increased stress on the jaw. To diversify the diet, vegetable purees, low-fat cottage cheese, cod liver, and chopped pasta are recommended. Gradually, food needs to be chopped less and less, and only when the patient can eat porridge and soups unchanged should one begin to add more solid foods.

Nutritional Features

Feeding a patient with a jaw fracture can be done in several ways:

• Oral. Possible with minor injuries, when the patient can open his mouth independently. This is the usual way healthy person using appropriate utensils.
• A sippy cup with a straw is required when bimaxillary fastening of fragments was carried out. The tube is attached to the gap on the line of missing teeth or near the wisdom tooth. Food intake is carried out gradually in a sitting position. Usually mixtures and pureed baby food are poured in.
• If using a sippy cup is impossible due to the complexity of the fracture, then a probe is used. The nurse inserts it into the lower nasal passage, then moves the device along the nasopharynx and through the esophagus into the stomach. Food is poured into the system through a syringe.
• Intravenous nutrition is indicated after surgery when the patient is unconscious or unable to swallow. Feeding is done 3 times a day.
• In some cases, nutritional enemas are given through a probe inserted anally into the intestines.

Depending on the choice of method, the patient is assigned table No. 1 or No. 2. The main difference lies in the variety of the menu and the consistency of the food.

• Table No. 1 involves probing, energy value daily diet 3200-4000 Kcal. The consistency is no thicker than liquid cream.
• Table No. 2 is prescribed when the patient’s mouth opening function is not impaired or during the transition period after removing the splints. The consistency is thick sour cream. Calorie content is set individually, based on the availability of mixtures and nutritious drinks in addition to the main diet.

Video

What to eat if you have a broken jaw

Principles of nutrition

Eating food should not cause a negative reaction, otherwise the situation is fraught with refusal to eat. The patient needs to present the conditions as a forced necessity, but do it in a gentle form, supporting and approving all attempts at self-care.

Regardless of the presence of a splint and the form of treatment for a jaw fracture, a number of rules should be followed:

• Nutrition should be balanced, contain the necessary vitamins, minerals, amino acids, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the required volume.
• To increase the nutritional value, grated dishes with a thicker consistency than required are diluted not with water, but with broth or milk.
• To replenish carbohydrates, you need to eat high-quality pasta.
• Vegetable oil should be added to already prepared dishes.
• The temperature of the food must be acceptable for the patient, since if there is a splint, he does not have the opportunity to further cool the food and may get burned.
• You need to eat at least 5-6 times a day.
• Meals should be fractional.
• The food should be ground so that there are no particles larger than grains of semolina.
• To normalize peristalsis, do not forget about fiber. It is found in large quantities in buckwheat and oatmeal.
• Fiber is also found in vegetables. You need to eat beets, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, boiled and pureed.
• Essential vitamins can be obtained by consuming freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices.

The dental cavity during this period is very susceptible to infection as it does not receive the necessary cleaning. To avoid complications, all products must be thoroughly washed and cooked. In addition, after each meal you need to rinse your mouth with special cleansing liquids.

Food for the period of splinting

Outpatient treatment during the splinting period imposes a number of restrictions on the patient’s nutrition. It can be used:

• Broth and soup based on meat broth with grated cheese. Juices without pulp.
• Uzvars, fruit drinks, compotes.
• Not thick jelly.
• Kefir, fermented baked milk.
• Liquid mixtures.

Whole milk may increase the viscosity of saliva, so pure form It is not drunk, but used as an additive to tea or vegetable dishes and porridges.

Recovery period

The rehabilitation period for patients lasts 1-2 months. After removing the tire, all acceptable dishes remain and curds, vegetable puree, and cod liver are added. Next, raw fruits are gradually introduced, and at the very end, crackers and nuts.

It is very important to enrich the diet with zinc, phosphorus, and calcium. The daily norm of ground and diluted meat is at least 150 g.

What to give up

During the recovery period, alcohol consumption is strictly prohibited. It prevents cells from forming bone and cartilage tissue, in addition, it destroys existing bone structures.

You should also exclude chocolate and soda, they negatively affect teeth and contribute to the processes of fermentation and decay. Margarine interferes with the absorption of calcium, which is essential for fractures.

The use of enteral mixtures

Such mixtures contain everything necessary for the patient’s complete nutrition and are well absorbed. Among the variety of market representatives, the production of these products is carried out by Nutridrink, Nutrizon, Nutrilon, Forticare. Mixes are liquid and dry for further dilution. The former are much more convenient, but more expensive in price.

If the patient is not bothered by problems with the digestive system, then the Nutridrink line is the ideal choice. A bottled mixture with different flavors allows you to diversify the patient’s meager diet, thereby increasing his appetite. If the patient does not like supplements, then a neutral type of nutrient solutions will suit him, especially since it is suitable even for people with lactose intolerance.

Nutrilon has proven itself by using the innovative “Immunofortis” system in the production of mixtures, this allows the introduction of especially fatty acids into the composition. To try out the product, you can purchase a 400 g jar, and for long-term use they produce 900 g containers. For patients with lactose intolerance, there is lactose-free Nutrilon. Comfort immunofortis was developed to prevent constipation. Fermented milk Nutrilon helps normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Baby formula does not stay in the mouth for long and is easily washed out with special solutions.

Nutrizon contains a large amount of protein; in 100 g of the finished product its content is 4 g. In turn, fat is 3.9, and carbohydrates are 12.3 g. The line includes the usual mixture and Nutrizon Energy, which contains the necessary dietary fiber.

Mixtures rich in vitamins and minerals cannot replace good nutrition, so they must be introduced externally, especially in the warm season. A patient with a jaw fracture necessarily requires magnesium, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins C, D, K, and group B.

Vitamins b1 b6 b12

B1 is otherwise called thiamine. It is not characterized by accumulation and therefore must be present in full every day. For men, it is enough to consume 1.6-2.5 mg per day, for women - 1.5-2.4 mg, in childhood 1.6-1.7 mg is enough. The largest number substances in lentils, oatmeal, millet, and buckwheat. There is a little less of it in buckwheat and liver. In general, indicators reach from 0.3 to 0.5 mg per 100 g of product.

B6 or pyridoxine is found in products of plant and animal origin, namely beans, tuna, sea buckthorn, sardines, mackerel, sweet pepper from 0.5 to 0.9 mg per 100 g. It is well synthesized and easily excreted. Magnesium promotes good absorption; with its deficiency, the process is disrupted.

B12 or cyanocobalamin is especially effective for anemia. It should be consumed in a volume of 3 mcg per day. There is a lot of it in octopus - 20 mg per 100 g. In rabbit - 4.3 mg, in sea bass - 2.4 mg. There is slightly less of it in pork, cod, carp, hard Dutch cheese, crabs, eggs, and sour cream.

Vitamin c

The daily intake of ascorbic acid for an adult should be 70-100 mg. The most amount of it is in rose hips: 1000 mg per 100 g. Significantly less in kiwi, black currant, Brussels sprouts, broccoli from 90 to 200 mg. Orange, strawberry and cauliflower contain 60 mg per 100 g.

Vitamin d

Necessary for improving bone growth, it controls calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Adults need up to 10 mcg daily, children up to 15 mcg, and older people more than 16 mcg. You can find vitamin D in sour cream, butter, liver, perch, eggs.

Vitamin k

Helps in the construction of bone structure, is responsible for the functioning of blood vessels, and in large quantities increases coagulation. 0.3 mg per day is required. There is a lot of it in greens: lettuce, spinach, onions. You can also find the vitamin in carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, pears, bananas, and apples.

Trauma to the craniofacial bones is not uncommon. The most common fracture is the jaw. Worse if there is a fracture lower jaw, as it provides mobility during chewing. The injury can be complicated by damage to the teeth, rupture of tissues in the mouth. Assistance is provided to the victim. Broken jaws fixed. The surgeon puts splints on them, which causes discomfort to the patient.

He is in severe pain and worries about his appearance. For a speedy recovery, the victim needs a balanced, nutritious diet. He must receive enough proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. His diet should contain foods rich in calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamins. Bone tissue the jaw needs regeneration.

How quickly the patient recovers will depend on compliance with nutritional rules. The injury prevents him from swallowing, biting, or chewing food. He feels helpless. What to do?

Feeding methods

After the injury, the victim is in the hospital and his diet is compiled according to all the rules. Nutrition is provided depending on the severity of the injury. There are several ways to feed a patient with a broken jaw.

• Oral nutrition is the best and most natural way for the patient to take food. The patient eats using the usual set of dishes. Such food intake is possible if the victim can open his mouth. First, a nurse will help him, and then he will learn to eat without anyone’s help.
• Feeding using a sippy cup. If the victim has had bimaxillary fastening of jaw fragments (a bimaxillary bandage has been applied), then a sippy cup with a tube is used to feed the patient. The tube is inserted into the gap where the teeth are missing. They may have been damaged during an injury. If the teeth are intact, then the tube is inserted into the gap, which is located near the wisdom tooth. A certain amount of food is introduced gradually, with breaks. If the patient's condition allows, it is better to feed him while sitting. If the victim refuses to take all the food at once, the remaining amount should be fed later. Use nutritional mixtures. Food should be warm, approximately 45-50 degrees. With tube feeding, food immediately enters the stomach, which is convenient. Some patients use baby food. You can eat fruit and meat puree, porridge.

The patient must be taught to use the sippy cup independently so that when discharged home he does not experience any difficulties. Eating should not cause negative emotions. Otherwise, the victim will refuse to eat, which will delay the recovery process.

• Feeding through a tube. In case of complicated jaw fractures, feeding is provided through a feeding tube. This procedure can only be performed by medical professionals: doctors, nursing staff. The probe is inserted into the nasal passage, nasopharynx, esophagus, and stomach. Food is drawn into a syringe and served in small portions using a funnel. Feeding should be carried out at least four times a day. Most of the food is consumed at lunch, less - shortly before bedtime. Feeding in this way is usually done for no more than two to three weeks, then they switch to feeding using a sippy cup. First, this is done by a doctor or nurse, and then by the patient himself.
• Intravenous nutrition. After an injury, the patient may be unconscious. He can't swallow. In this case, special nutrients. This procedure is done very slowly, 2-3 times a day.
• Nutrient enemas. It is possible to use nutritional enemas. But with this method, not all food components are absorbed.

In all cases, the daily requirement for proteins, fats and carbohydrates is taken into account.

Proper nutrition is the key to recovery

Of great importance is not only how to feed a patient with a fractured jaw, but also what to feed him. While the patient is in the hospital, he is recommended the first or second table of the jaw diet. The first table is tube feeding, which has a more liquid consistency of dishes.

The second table is assigned when the patient is able to open his mouth. The dishes are prepared with a thicker consistency. In this case, food should be high-calorie, enriched with vitamins. If the patient has no problems with the gastrointestinal tract, then he can eat any food. The main thing is that all dishes should be liquid, heavily boiled, pureed. Small meals, 5-6 times a day.

With a forced liquid diet, the gallbladder may be depressed, so the patient is advised to eat choleretic drugs, fats and eggs.

To avoid constipation, you should eat foods rich in fiber. You can drink one spoon of vegetable oil every day. Beetroot juice is beneficial.

It is necessary to maintain oral hygiene. At first it is difficult to do this, the jaws are closed. Pathogenic microorganisms can develop in the patient's mouth. Teeth and splints must be thoroughly cleaned of food debris. It is necessary to regularly irrigate the oral cavity using a solution of potassium permanganate or furatsilin. It is better to do this after every meal. Oak bark will relieve discomfort in the mouth.

After the patient is discharged from the hospital, he should continue proper nutrition Houses. The food should still be liquid. Mashed boiled vegetables and porridge can be diluted with milk, vegetable or meat broth. Poultry meat can also be boiled in a small amount of water, add spices and salt. Grind the already dry dish with a blender and dilute with broth. You can pass the meat through a meat grinder, preferably twice. During this period, you can use cocktails for athletes.

Tissue regeneration requires intensive metabolism. It’s good to add cranberries, cherries, and prunes to your food. Vitamin D is important for bone restoration. The patient needs fish fat. It is recommended to regularly use vegetable oil in dishes. Dairy products rich in calcium should be included in the menu. These are yoghurts, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese. Gradually the patient switches to more solid food and learns to chew on his own.

Under no circumstances should you drink alcoholic beverages. When eating liquid food, alcohol is absorbed very quickly. Drinking alcohol may cause the victim to vomit. A patient with a broken jaw may simply choke on vomit.

Folk recipes

Traditional medicine advises for various fractures, including jaw fractures, to take foods rich in calcium and vitamin D. All dairy products are beneficial. Whole milk is best consumed as part of other products. The patient needs to eat beans, vegetables, and fruits. Marine and River fish, seafood. To enrich the body with calcium, you should consume fish oil. Nettle, parsley, and dandelion will be beneficial. Sweet bell pepper and citrus fruits will replenish the body with vitamins.

When using any folk recipes You should definitely consult a doctor.

Even if all care requirements are met, patients usually lose weight. But it is important for the victim and those caring for him to be patient.