Death of a son and wife. Evgeny Sandro (Primakov)

The ex-Prime Minister of Russia hid his real father all his life

The ex-Prime Minister of Russia hid his real father all his life

Only in his last autobiographical book did Evgeny PRIMAKOV shed light on his childhood. The former politician and intelligence officer calls a certain NEMCHENKO the father. Before that, other surnames were found in various sources - KIRSHENBLAT and BUKHARIN. Express Gazeta conducted its own investigation.

In memoirs Evgeny Primakov wrote: "My father's surname Nemchenko- My mother told me about it. I never saw him. They parted ways with their mother, in 1937 he was shot. From birth, I bore my mother's surname - Primakov.

In Tbilisi, where Yevgeny Maksimovich partially spent his childhood, his distant relatives and friends remained. It was they who told the truth about the "secret father" of the former prime minister and head foreign intelligence.

committed suicide

In the birth certificate in the column "Paternity" Primakov has a dash. According to relatives, Evgeny Maksimovich's mother, Anna Yakovlevna, married an engineer in her youth Maxim Rozenberg, so the patronymic of the son is Maksimovich. Primakov, however, did not mention this name in his memoirs.

Because of this dash, many versions have appeared, says an elderly Tbilisi friend of the family Tamara Chelidze. - In one book they wrote that Evgeny Maksimovich was the son Bukharin. This was assumed after Primakov said that his biological father was shot in 1937. Some external similarity of both confirmed this version. However, the same complete nonsense version that his father is a doctor David Kirshenblat.The great-granddaughter of Kirshenblat, whose mother grew up with Eugene, shared her memories.“Primakov is his mother's surname,” says Karina. - Evgeny Maksimovich writes everywhere that her mother's name was Anna Yakovlevna, but her relatives called her Hanoi. And his grandmother on the mother's side was called Berta Abramovna. Khana was a well-known gynecologist in Tbilisi. Evgeny Maksimovich also changed his place of birth for some reason: he was born not in Kyiv, but in Moscow. According to relatives, Kirshenblat was still related to Yevgeny. He lost his wife early and married the governess of his two children, Faina, who had a sister, Khana, Primakov's mother. Since Zhenya's mother had only an 11-meter room in a communal apartment, he grew up in his aunt's house.

Kirshenblat treated Zhenya like his own, Karina assures. - And the mother's husband, Maxim Rosenberg, Evgeny Maksimovich does not mention for certain reasons. The fact is that Khana and Maxim did not have children for a long time. And she, as her mother said, had an affair with another man. When Zhenya was nine months old, Rosenberg committed suicide. The tragedy happened during a family dinner: Khana and Maxim had a fight, the husband got up from the table, ran down the corridor and jumped out of the window. Kirshenblat was just returning home and found the body of Maxim on the street: he died in his arms. Khana never remarried after Maxim's death. But she was a bright woman ...

Beal of Laura's fans

Primakov met his first wife in Tbilisi. Laura grew up in the family of her father's sister, an opera singer. Nadezhda Kharadze and her husband - conductor Alexis Dimitriadi because her parents were shot.

At the age of 14, Zhenya entered the Baku Naval School, but fell ill and returned to Tbilisi, - said Laura's cousin, a professor at the Conservatory Nana Dimitriadi. That's why he graduated from high school. And when he entered the Institute of Oriental Languages ​​at Moscow State University, everyone was perplexed. From Moscow, he often came to Tbilisi, where he still had friends. Zhenya was familiar with Laura, and became close on vacation in Gagra. They were 19 then. He often fought because of Laura. Once my mother could not stand it and said: “Either you get married, or you, Zhenya, leave.” Laura was charming, played the piano beautifully, could turn anyone's head. She then left the Tbilisi Polytechnic University, where she studied at the Faculty of Chemistry, transferred to the Institute. Mendeleev and left for Moscow. They celebrated the wedding in Moscow, in a narrow circle. They lived modestly with Zhenya: they rented a corner in the janitor's room. When the first-born son Sasha was born, he was brought to his grandmother - Anna Yakovlevna ... Laura has always been by Zhenya's side. I went with my beloved to Egypt, where he was sent as a correspondent. Despite a congenital heart disease and a doctors ban on giving birth to a second child, after returning from Egypt, she made her husband happy with her daughter Nana. went to the hockey game. But family is another matter. He did not experience a single political situation as much as the death of his son.

“Alexander died at 26,” recalls Nana Dimitriadi. - Handsome, graduated from MGIMO, completed an internship in the USA. But during the May Day demonstration, he became ill ... When they did an autopsy, it turned out that the guy had suffered two micro-infarcts. Six months before that, a dark story happened in Moscow. He went out with a friend to smoke, and he was beaten. Sasha then had to restore his nose ...

Another unpleasant story that happened to Sasha is the loss of his dissertation. It is possible that these events caused heart problems.

Nana, like her parents, was very upset by the death of her brother. She named him after him. eldest daughter Alexandra. - Zhenya then took to drink, - says a friend of the Primakov family - Tamara Chelidze. - I spent long hours every day at the Kuntsevo cemetery. Grief brought him even closer to his friend, the director George Danelia, whose son Nikolai almost at the same time died under strange circumstances. Their sons knew each other, and they are buried in the same cemetery... Granddaughter Sasha became a translator and photographer, and then started breeding dachshunds. She never boasted of her grandfather: she dressed simply, almost never put on makeup. She married a good intelligent boy - Anton Lenin. “Grandfather spoiled his granddaughter Sasha, but not so much,” said Karina, a distant relative of the Primakovs. - And here is the grandson of Eugene, who was born from the son of Sasha (TV journalist Evgeny Sandro. - N. M.), bought several apartments. When the grandson got divorced, the apartment remained with his wife, and a new one was bought for him.

daughter blessed

Distant relatives of the Primakovs remember their first wife, Laura, as a hospitable woman who was fond of antiques and theater.

She drove an old "Zaporozhets" and did not want to get into an expensive car, - said her Tbilisi friend Sofiko. - Attended all general premieres. She died when she and her husband were going to the concert. Gennady Khazanov. Heart. She died six years after the death of her son, in 1986. At the Kuntsevsky cemetery, Evgeny then bought four places at once. He always said that he wanted to be buried next to his son and wife. We were surprised that the second wife, Irina, recently agreed to be buried at Novodevichy. Perhaps the authorities decided so ... After Laura's death, many wanted to marry him, but for a long time nothing worked, until a young blue-eyed Irina appeared in his life - his personal doctor. Because of new love she divorced her husband. Once Irina admitted: “He is so beautifully caring! Now they can't do that." And what poems he dedicated to her! Irina and Evgeny Maksimovich asked for blessings from Nana. She was friends with Primakov's daughter, and she was not against it. When the relatives got to know the new wife closer, they accepted her into the family. It is interesting that Anna, Irina's daughter from her first marriage, took the surname Primakov. If Yevgeny Primakov did not leave a will, not only the widow, children from two marriages, grandchildren, but also illegitimate offspring can claim the inheritance of Yevgeny Primakov.- Primakov has an illegitimate daughter Anya, he officially introduced her at one of his anniversaries. He helped Anya all her life. She looks like the daughter of Evgeny Maksimovich - Nana, - Karina shared.

AND THIS IS ALL WITH HIM

Remembering Yevgeny PRIMAKOV, journalists mainly noted two of his achievements. A sensational U-turn over the Atlantic on March 24, 1999 (when the NATO fascists bombed peaceful Yugoslav cities) and the salvation of Russian foreign intelligence. In the fateful 1991, Primakov saved her from large-scale purges. But for some reason not a single media outlet appreciated Yevgeny Maksimovich's initiatives as prime minister. Our columnist Elena KREMENTSOVA tried to remember what Primakov managed to do as head of government in just 8 months, when the country after the 1998 default needed emergency resuscitation. There were many merits, and perhaps the most important are these:

* Prevented a repeat of the bloody October 1993. MPs demanded resignation Yeltsin and began the impeachment process. There was a threat of dissolution of parliament or abandonment of market relations. Primakov through compromises, he removed the tension between the president, the liberal government and the State Duma, calmed the people.

* He did not succumb to the pressure of the governors and the military-industrial complex, who demanded money from the government, and refused to turn on the printing press, preventing inflation from spinning up. * He forbade issuing loans to anyone who received them and did not return them. And he kept the ruble from falling further.* He proved that the state has enough money and there is no need to increase debts. For the first time since the collapse of the USSR, his government drew up an honest budget in which revenues exceeded expenses.* Although it carried out the devaluation of the ruble, it immediately took a number of tax measures that benefited the countryside and small towns of Russia, where the remnants of existing production were concentrated.* For the first time Since August 1991, salaries and pensions have been paid on time.

* He restored the work of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russia, which, after eight years of Yeltsin's reforms, fell into extreme decline and served the "opportunistic political preferences" of the rarely sober head of state and his team. * He insisted on the development of Soviet Islamic studies and the expansion of domestic peaceful Islam to the countries of the Arab world. And in every possible way promoted the interests of our country in the Middle East. For this alone, Yevgeny Maksimovich deserved a monument during his lifetime.

Estimate!

In 1975, Primakov brought billionaire David Rockefeller to Tbilisi. And I decided to invite him to visit relatives. Calling his mother-in-law, Evgeny Maksimovich said: “We’ll drop by in the evening!” The woman began to panic: they put the apartment in order in a fire order, set the table, but they did not manage to repair the entrance. Then the guards, who arrived ahead of time, got out of the situation: they turned off the light in the entrance so that the walls could not be seen. Assessing the set table, Rockefeller went to a portrait of Ernest Hemingway hanging on the wall. Pushing the picture aside, he saw a faded spot on the wallpaper: “So it really hung ...”

Bear in mind

CPSU member Yevgeny Primakov was never a religious person, but at the end of his life he came to God and was baptized.

Primakov loved tricks

The politician showed children circus tricks

In 2000, Yevgeny Maksimovich stopped by a politician Stepan Sitaryan in Yerevan, - said the businessman Narine Davtyan. - He had not only many friends among Georgians, but also Armenians. Stepan Sitaryan was my relative. Yevgeny Primakov saw that my 6-year-old son had strabismus. He immediately called the ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov and instructed to begin treatment immediately. Doctors began to treat their son on time according to the new methods of that time, and thanks to this, they managed to avoid surgery. He loved children: he immediately began to show my children different tricks: circus tricks with falling coins from the sleeves. My daughter, who is fond of painting, then painted a portrait: Primakov is in a turban, and coins are falling from his sleeve. We solemnly presented it to him.

The ex-Prime Minister of Russia hid his real father all his life

Only in his last autobiographical book did Evgeny PRIMAKOV shed light on his childhood. The former politician and intelligence officer calls a certain NEMCHENKO the father. Before that, other surnames were found in various sources - KIRSHENBLAT and BUKHARIN. Express Gazeta conducted its own investigation.

In his memoirs, Yevgeny Primakov wrote: “My father's surname is Nemchenko - my mother told me about this. I never saw him. They parted ways with their mother, in 1937 he was shot. From birth, I bore my mother's surname - Primakov.
In Tbilisi, where Yevgeny Maksimovich partially spent his childhood, his distant relatives and friends remained. It was they who told the truth about the "secret father" of the former prime minister and head of foreign intelligence.

committed suicide

In the birth certificate in the column "Paternity" Primakov has a dash. According to relatives, Evgeny Maksimovich's mother, Anna Yakovlevna, married engineer Maxim Rosenberg in her youth, so her son's patronymic is Maksimovich. Primakov, however, did not mention this name in his memoirs.
“Because of this dash, many versions have appeared,” says Tamara Chelidze, an elderly Tbilisi family friend. - In one book they wrote that Yevgeny Maksimovich was the son of Bukharin. This was assumed after Primakov said that his biological father was shot in 1937. Some external similarity of both confirmed this version. However, the version that his father is a doctor David Kirshenblat is just as complete nonsense.
The great-granddaughter of Kirshenblat, whose mother grew up with Eugene, shared her memories.
“Primakov is his mother's surname,” says Karina. - Evgeny Maksimovich writes everywhere that her mother's name was Anna Yakovlevna, but her relatives called her Hanoi. And his grandmother on the mother's side was called Berta Abramovna. Khana was a well-known gynecologist in Tbilisi. Evgeny Maksimovich also changed his place of birth for some reason: he was born not in Kyiv, but in Moscow.
According to relatives, Kirshenblat was still related to Yevgeny. He lost his wife early and married the governess of his two children, Faina, who had a sister, Khana, Primakov's mother. Since Zhenya's mother had only an 11-meter room in a communal apartment, he grew up in his aunt's house.

Kirshenblat treated Zhenya like his own, Karina assures. - And the mother's husband, Maxim Rosenberg, Evgeny Maksimovich does not mention for certain reasons. The fact is that Khana and Maxim did not have children for a long time. And she, as her mother said, had an affair with another man. When Zhenya was nine months old, Rosenberg committed suicide. The tragedy happened during a family dinner: Khana and Maxim had a fight, the husband got up from the table, ran down the corridor and jumped out of the window. Kirshenblat was just returning home and found the body of Maxim on the street: he died in his arms. Khana never remarried after Maxim's death. But she was a bright woman ...

The "Jewish trace" pursued Primakov. During the perestroika years, denunciations were written against him more than once. So, at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Yevgeny Maksimovich was accused of involvement in the Zionist conspiracy. “Anti-Semitism has always been a tool for persecution of stupid party officials,” wrote Yevgeny Maksimovich. - Both chauvinism and nationalism have always been alien to me. Even today I do not believe that God chose any nation to the detriment of others. He chose us all, whom He created in His own image and likeness ... "
About relatives who emigrated to Israel, Yevgeny Maksimovich did not spread, but after the end of his political career he visited and supported.

Beal of Laura's fans

Primakov met his first wife in Tbilisi. Laura grew up in the family of her father's sister, opera singer Nadezhda Kharadze, and her husband, conductor Alexis Dimitriadi, since her parents were shot.
- At the age of 14, Zhenya entered the Baku Naval School, but fell ill and returned to Tbilisi, - said Laura's cousin, professor at the Conservatory Nana Dimitriadi. That's why he graduated from high school. And when he entered the Institute of Oriental Languages ​​at Moscow State University, everyone was perplexed. From Moscow, he often came to Tbilisi, where he still had friends. Zhenya was familiar with Laura, and became close on vacation in Gagra. They were 19 then. He often fought because of Laura. Once my mother could not stand it and said: “Either you get married, or you, Zhenya, leave.”
Laura was charming, played the piano beautifully, could turn anyone's head. She then left the Tbilisi Polytechnic University, where she studied at the Faculty of Chemistry, transferred to the Institute. Mendeleev and left for Moscow. They celebrated the wedding in Moscow, in a narrow circle. They lived modestly with Zhenya: they rented a corner in the janitor's room. When the first-born son Sasha was born, he was brought to his grandmother - Anna Yakovlevna ...
Laura has always been by Zhenya's side. I went with my beloved to Egypt, where he was sent as a correspondent. Despite the congenital heart disease and the prohibition of doctors to give birth to a second child, after returning from Egypt, she made her husband happy with her daughter Nana.
When Boris Yeltsin dismissed Primakov in 1999, eight months after Primakov's appointment as prime minister, the politician went to the hockey match as if nothing had happened. But family is another matter. He did not experience a single political situation as much as the death of his son.

Alexander died at the age of 26, - recalls Nana Dimitriadi. - Handsome, graduated from MGIMO, completed an internship in the USA. But during the May Day demonstration, he became ill ... When they did an autopsy, it turned out that the guy had suffered two micro-infarcts. Six months before that, a dark story happened in Moscow. He went out with a friend to smoke, and he was beaten. Sasha then had to restore his nose ...

Another unpleasant story that happened to Sasha is the loss of his dissertation. It is possible that these events caused heart problems.
Nana, like her parents, was very upset by the death of her brother. In his honor, she named her eldest daughter Alexandra.
- Zhenya then took to drink, - says a friend of the Primakov family - Tamara Chelidze. - I spent long hours every day at the Kuntsevo cemetery. Grief brought him even closer to his friend, director Georgy Danelia, whose son Nikolai died almost at the same time under strange circumstances. Their sons knew each other, and they are buried in the same cemetery...
Granddaughter Sasha became a translator and photographer, and then started breeding dachshunds. She never boasted of her grandfather: she dressed simply, almost never put on makeup. She married a good intelligent boy - Anton Lenin.
“Grandfather spoiled his granddaughter Sasha, but not so much,” said Karina, a distant relative of the Primakovs. - But the grandson Evgeny, who was born from Sasha's son (television journalist Evgeny Sandro. - N.M.), bought several apartments. When the grandson got divorced, the apartment remained with his wife, and a new one was bought for him.

daughter blessed

Distant relatives of the Primakovs remember their first wife, Laura, as a hospitable woman who was fond of antiques and theater.
“She drove an old Zaporozhets and did not want to get into an expensive car,” said her Tbilisi friend Sofiko. - Attended all general premieres. She died when she and her husband were going to go to the concert of Gennady Khazanov. Heart. She died six years after the death of her son, in 1986. At the Kuntsevsky cemetery, Evgeny then bought four places at once. He always said that he wanted to be buried next to his son and wife. We were surprised that the second wife, Irina, recently agreed to be buried at Novodevichy. Perhaps the authorities decided so ...
After Laura's death, many wanted to marry him, but for a long time nothing worked, until a young blue-eyed Irina appeared in his life - his personal doctor. Because of a new love, she divorced her husband. Once Irina admitted: “He is so beautifully caring! Now they can't do that." And what poems he dedicated to her! Irina and Evgeny Maksimovich asked for blessings from Nana. She was friends with Primakov's daughter, and she was not against it. When the relatives got to know the new wife closer, they accepted her into the family. Interestingly, the daughter of Irina from her first marriage, Anna, took the name of Primakov.
In the event that he did not leave a will, not only the widow, children from two marriages, grandchildren, but also illegitimate offspring can claim the inheritance of Yevgeny Primakov.
- Primakov has an illegitimate daughter Anya, he officially introduced her at one of his anniversaries. He helped Anya all her life. She looks like the daughter of Evgeny Maksimovich - Nana, - Karina shared.

AND THIS IS ALL WITH HIM

Remembering Yevgeny PRIMAKOV, journalists mainly noted two of his achievements. A sensational U-turn over the Atlantic on March 24, 1999 (when the NATO fascists bombed peaceful Yugoslav cities) and the salvation of Russian foreign intelligence. In the fateful 1991, Primakov saved her from large-scale purges. But for some reason not a single media outlet appreciated Yevgeny Maksimovich's initiatives as prime minister. Our columnist Elena KREMENTSOVA tried to remember what Primakov managed to do as head of government in just 8 months, when the country after the 1998 default needed emergency resuscitation. There were many merits, and perhaps the most important are these:

* Prevented a repeat of the bloody October 1993. The deputies demanded Yeltsin's resignation and began the impeachment procedure. There was a threat of dissolution of parliament or abandonment of market relations. Primakov relieved the tension between the president, the liberal government and the State Duma through compromises and calmed the people down.
* He did not succumb to the pressure of the governors and the military-industrial complex, who demanded money from the government, and refused to turn on the printing press, preventing inflation from spinning up.
* He forbade issuing loans to anyone who received them and did not return them. And kept the ruble from falling further.
* He proved that the state has enough money and there is no need to increase debts. His government, for the first time since the collapse of the USSR, drew up an honest budget in which revenues exceeded expenditures.
* Although he carried out the devaluation of the ruble, he immediately took a number of tax measures, from which the countryside and small towns of Russia benefited, where the remnants of existing production were concentrated.
* For the first time since August 1991, salaries and pensions were paid on time.
* Restored the work of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russia, which, after eight years of Yeltsin's reforms, fell into extreme decline and served the "opportunistic political preferences" of the rarely sober head of state and his team.
* He insisted on the development of Soviet Islamic studies and the expansion of domestic peaceful Islam to the countries of the Arab world. And in every possible way promoted the interests of our country in the Middle East.
For this alone, Yevgeny Maksimovich deserved a monument during his lifetime.

Estimate!
In 1975, Primakov brought billionaire David Rockefeller to Tbilisi. And I decided to invite him to visit relatives. Calling his mother-in-law, Evgeny Maksimovich said: “We’ll drop by in the evening!” The woman began to panic: they put the apartment in order in a fire order, set the table, but they did not manage to repair the entrance. Then the guards, who arrived ahead of time, got out of the situation: they turned off the light in the entrance so that the walls could not be seen. Assessing the set table, Rockefeller went to a portrait of Ernest Hemingway hanging on the wall. Pushing the picture aside, he saw a faded spot on the wallpaper: “So it really hung ...”

Bear in mind
CPSU member Yevgeny Primakov was never a religious person, but at the end of his life he came to God and was baptized.

Primakov loved tricks

The politician showed children circus tricks

In 2000, Yevgeny Maksimovich stayed with the politician Stepan Sitaryan in Yerevan, - businessman Narine Davtyan said. - Stepan Sitaryan was my relative. Yevgeny Primakov saw that my 6-year-old son had strabismus. He immediately called the eye doctor Svyatoslav Fedorov, and instructed to immediately begin treatment. Doctors began to treat their son on time according to the new methods of that time, and thanks to this, they managed to avoid surgery. He loved children: he immediately began to show my children different tricks: circus tricks with falling coins from the sleeves. My daughter, who is fond of painting, then painted a portrait: Primakov is in a turban, and coins are falling from his sleeve. We solemnly presented it to him.

Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov was born on October 29, 1929 in Kyiv - died on June 26, 2015 in Moscow. Soviet and Russian economist, Arabic orientalist, politician and statesman, doctor of economic sciences (1969), professor (1972), ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary (1996).

Chairman of the Board of Directors of OAO RTI; President, Chairman of the Council "Mercury Club"; Head of the Center for Situational Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1979; corresponding member 1974). Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1980) and the State Prize of Russia (2014).

Member of the CPSU since 1959. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1989-1990; candidate member of the Central Committee in 1986-1989).

Member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidium of the Council under the President Russian Federation in Science and Education, member of the Scientific and Expert Council under the Chairman of the Federation Council Federal Assembly Russian Federation, Chairman of the Board of Trustees Russian Council on international affairs. Chairman of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1989-1990), Head of the Central Intelligence Service of the USSR (1991), Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia (1991-1996), Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (1996-1998), Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (1998-1999 ), President of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2001-2011). MP State Duma RF III convocation (2000-2001).

short biography Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov:

There is no official information about the father, according to unofficial published data, he was repressed three months after the birth of his son.

Mother - Kirshenblat Anna Yakovlevna (1896-1972), worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist. Immediately after the birth of the child, she returned to Tbilisi, where her family lived.

Primakov spent his childhood and youth in the capital of Georgia, but he studied in Marneuli, then went to study in Moscow.

After the seventh grade of the school in 1944, he entered the naval preparatory school in Baku as a cadet, he practiced on the training ship Pravda.

He graduated from the men's secondary school in Tbilisi (1948). His favorite subjects were history, literature and mathematics.

He graduated from the Arabic department of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies (1953) with a degree in Arab countries and then postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University (1956).

In 1956, Primakov became a senior fellow at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IMEMO).

At the invitation of the editor-in-chief of the Arabic editorial office of the Main Directorate of Radio Broadcasting to Foreign Countries, Sergei Kaverin, Primakov joined this editorial office. From 1956 to 1962, he worked at the USSR State Radio and Television as a correspondent, executive editor, deputy editor-in-chief, editor-in-chief of broadcasting to Arab countries.

In 1957 he made his first trip to the East - a Mediterranean cruise.

In 1959 he defended his thesis "Export of capital to some Arab countries - a means of ensuring monopoly high profits", candidate of economic sciences.

From September to December 1962 - senior researcher at IMEMO. In 1962, due to a conflict with curators from the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he submitted a letter of resignation of his own free will.

Since 1962, he worked in the Pravda newspaper as a literary employee, columnist for the Asian and African countries department, since 1965 - Pravda's staff correspondent in the Middle East with a stay in Cairo (where he spent four years), deputy editor of the Asian and African countries department. While serving in the Middle East, he met with politicians: Zwayne, Nimeiri. In 1969, during a trip to Baghdad, he met Saddam Hussein, and later met one of his close associates, Tariq Aziz, who at that time was the editor-in-chief of the Al-Thawra newspaper. During this period, he made many trips to northern Iraq, often visiting the winter residence of Kurdish rebel leader Masoud Barzani.

In 1969 he defended his dissertation on the topic “Social and economic development Egypt", becoming a doctor of economic sciences.

In 1977-1985 he was director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, since 1979 he was also a professor at the Diplomatic Academy.

In 1985-1989 - director of IMEMO of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Academician-Secretary of the Department of Economics, since 1988 - Department of Problems of the World Economy and International Relations, member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In February 1988 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1989-1991 - People's Deputy of the USSR. In 1989-1990 - Chairman of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1990-1991 he was a member of the Presidential Council of the USSR. He was a member of the inner circle of M. S. Gorbachev.

Since March 1991 - Member of the Security Council of the USSR. On August 21, 1991, he flew to Gorbachev in Foros as part of a delegation led by Vice President of the RSFSR Alexander Rutskoi.

From September 30, 1991 - Head of the First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR - First Deputy Chairman of the KGB. Refused the rank of general.

In September 1993, he did not support the anti-constitutional decree of President Yeltsin on the dissolution of the Congress people's deputies and the Supreme Council.

January 9, 1996 was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia. The name of Primakov is associated with Russia's transition from Atlanticism to a course towards a multi-vector foreign policy. Diplomat Alexei Fedotov noted that, being in this post, Primakov "returned dignity to Russia's foreign policy and its diplomatic service." The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, E. M. Primakov, pursued a deliberate foreign policy, under him Russia developed partnership relations with the countries of the West and East equally.

On September 10, 1998, President Boris Yeltsin proposed Yevgeny Primakov to the post of Prime Minister of Russia. On September 11, 1998, Primakov's candidacy was approved by the State Duma, 315 out of 450 deputies voted for him, including the opposition faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Before being appointed prime minister, he received an offer from Viktor Chernomyrdin to become his first deputy and agreed to this, but the State Duma did not support the appointment of Viktor Chernomyrdin as prime minister. Having refused for the first time, he subsequently accepted Yeltsin's offer to head the government after the latter refused the same offer to Yuri Maslyukov, declaring that he was ready to work as first deputy for Prime Minister Primakov.

Speaking on September 16, 1998 at an enlarged meeting of the Collegium of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Primakov stated that the arguments about some kind of "red revenge", "the end of the reforms" have not the slightest foundation.

On March 24, 1999, Primakov was on his way to Washington for an official visit. Over the Atlantic, he learned by phone from US Vice President Al Gore that a decision had been made to bomb Yugoslavia. Primakov decided to cancel the visit, ordered the plane to be deployed directly over the ocean and returned to Moscow.

May 12, 1999 Primakov was dismissed from the post of Prime Minister. Primakov's resignation was greeted sharply negatively by the population: 81% of those polled by the fund " Public opinion' declared that they did not approve of it. At the same time, the majority of respondents expressed the opinion that Primakov's government managed to achieve economic and political stabilization in Russia.

December 19, 1999 was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation. Chairman of the faction "Fatherland - All Russia" (OVR) (in 2000-2001).

Two terms, from December 2001 to February 21, 2011, he served as president of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

One of the leading domestic orientalists, a prominent scientist in the field of world economy and international relations, in particular, in the field of complex development of issues foreign policy Russia, studying theory and practice international conflicts and crises, studies of the world civilizational process, global problems, socio-economic and political problems of developing countries.

Honorary Member Russian Academy education.

On February 21, 2011, he announced his resignation from the post of President of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. During a press conference dedicated to the forthcoming regular congress of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Primakov recalled that he had already held the position of head of the chamber for two terms. “This is quite enough, I will not be re-elected at this congress,” he said. On March 4, at the VI Congress of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, he officially resigned as president. S. Katyrin, Primakov's deputy, was elected the new head of the CCI.

On November 23, 2012, he was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of JSC RTI (solutions in the field of integrated communication and security systems).

After a long illness. with state honors.

Family of Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov:

Primakov's cousin is the prominent Soviet biologist Yakov Davidovich Kirshenblat.

In 1951, Primakov married a student at the Georgian Polytechnic Institute, Laura Vasilievna Kharadze (1930-1987), the adopted daughter of NKVD General M. M. Gvishiani.

Children - son Alexander (died in 1981 from a heart attack) and daughter Nana, from whom E. M. Primakov has two granddaughters. Grandson from his son - Evgeny Alexandrovich Primakov (creative pseudonym - Evgeny Sandro, Sandro - in honor of his father (Alexander)), correspondent for Channel One and Russia24, orientalist.

Widow - Irina Borisovna, therapist, former attending physician E. M. Primakova.

The main works of Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov:

"The countries of Arabia and colonialism" (1956);
"International Conflicts of the Sixties and Seventies" (1972, co-authored);
"Egypt: the time of President Nasser" (1974, 2nd ed. 1981; co-authored with I. P. Belyaev);
Middle East: Five Paths to Peace (1974);
"Energy crisis: the approach of Soviet scientists" (1974);
"Energy Crisis in the Capitalist World" (1975, editor);
"Anatomy of the Middle East Conflict" (1978);
"New phenomena in the energy sector of the capitalist world" (1979);
"The East after the collapse of the colonial system" (1982);
"East: the turn of the 80s" (1983);
"The Story of a Collusion: US Middle East Policy in the 1970s - early. 80s.” (1985);
"Essays on the history of Russian foreign intelligence" (in 6 vols, 1996);
"Years in big politics" (1999);
"Eight months plus ..." (2001);
The World After 9/11 (2002);
Confidential: The Middle East on Stage and Behind the Scenes (2006, 2nd ed. 2012);
"Minefield of politics" (2006);
“A world without Russia? What does political myopia lead to” (2009).

Yevgeny Primakov's books have been translated into many foreign languages. In particular, they were republished abroad in Chinese, Italian, English, Bulgarian, Turkish, Persian, Arabic, German, Japanese, Greek, Serbian, Macedonian, Romanian, French and other languages.

According to official documents, Yevgeny Primakov was born on October 29, 1929 in Kyiv. This version is contradicted by his daughter's statement that his father was born in Moscow. One way or another, the future statesman spent his childhood in Georgian Tbilisi. In 1953 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, and three years later - postgraduate studies at Moscow State University.

Journalist and scientist

Journalism is the first area with which the professional career of an orientalist was connected. So says the official biography of Yevgeny Primakov. Nationality Eastern peoples, the life of Asia and Africa - that's what interested the young specialist. He worked as a columnist and staff correspondent for Pravda. As a journalist, Primakov met with many Eastern political leaders: Yasser Arafat, Mustafa Barzani, Saddam Hussein, etc.

At the age of 40, the staff correspondent again delved into science. In 1977-1985. Primakov was the head of the Institute of Oriental Studies. At the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the scientist dealt with the problems of world politics, developed new theoretical methods. The biography of Yevgeny Primakov (whose nationality is Russian, his maternal relatives were Jews) was also connected with the economy, on which he defended his dissertation. For some time the scientist taught at the Metropolitan Diplomatic Academy. It is with this period of Primakov's life that biographers associate his first close ties with foreign intelligence and the KGB. There is no official confirmation of this, however.

Primakov wrote many monographs and memoirs. His scientific writings deal with international topics. As a scientist, the author studied the phenomenon of colonialism, the countries of Africa, Egypt of the Nasser era, the path to a peaceful settlement in the Middle East. Primakov also wrote monographs on energy. Memoirs of the former prime minister began to appear in the 2000s. The last such book, Encounters at the Crossroads, was published in 2015.

Personal life

For the first time, the future politician married in 1951. His wife was a student Laura Kharadze. They had two children. Son Alexander became a graduate student at the Institute of Oriental Studies, trained in the United States. He died in 1981 at the age of 27 due to a heart attack. This loss was hard for Yevgeny Primakov. The wife, whose photos are not replicated in the public space, died in 1987. Primakov's second wife was Irina Bokareva, who for a long time was his official personal doctor.

The beginning of a political career

The political biography of Yevgeny Primakov began in 1988, when he became close to Secretary General CPSU to Mikhail Gorbachev. It is believed that it was the then head of state who insisted that a native of the academic environment take part in the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The 1988 campaign was unique. In fact, those elections were the first elections on an alternative basis in many decades. Yevgeny Primakov was among those elected to parliament at that time. The biography of the newly minted politician was connected with international relations. He took up them as a member of the Supreme Council.

It was an extremely noisy and lively parliament, which was new to Soviet society. Primakov was not afraid to work in the new format. He became a participant in the first debates of American congressmen and Russian deputies broadcast live in the form of a teleconference. In 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev made one of his most famous international visits to China. The trip was organized by Yevgeny Primakov. Biography, nationality, track record of the deputy - all this was already well known both to his colleagues around the world and to ordinary Soviet citizens. Primakov entered the galaxy of bright politicians, opened by Gorbachev's perestroika.

The General Secretary of the CPSU was extremely respectful of Yevgeny Maksimovich. The head of state consistently gave him new responsible positions. Primakov joined the Security Council of the USSR, and became chairman of the Council of the Union of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. This gradual rise was interrupted in August 1991, when the August coup broke out. Among those officials who took away the blocked Gorbachev from Foros was then Yevgeny Primakov. The biography of the politician has passed an important milestone. Now he had to demonstrate his skills and talents in a completely new environment of democratic Russia.

Head of the SVR

The relationship between Yevgeny Primakov and Boris Yeltsin was complex and contradictory. The President of Russia respected the "patriarch of domestic politics", but in fact he never trusted him. First, due to the fact that Primakov was considered a "Gorbachev man", and in the late 1990s. - already because of the dangerous popularity of the official with the electorate.

After the collapse Soviet Union There is a personnel vacuum in Russia. The government lacked people with experience and knowledge. That is why Evgeny Primakov turned out to be so popular. The biography of the politician has been associated with international relations for many years. In this regard, in 1991 he was appointed to the position of the newly created foreign intelligence service.

The main thing that Primakov achieved in this post was that he managed to finally separate the SVR and the KGB, which was soon renamed the FSB. long overdue. Personnel Chekists and intelligence officers never particularly liked each other, and now, finally, a person was found who resolved these interdepartmental frictions. It turned out to be Evgeny Primakov. Biography, nationality, the merits of the politician - all this is now widely known thanks to his many years of efforts in various government positions. There were also scandals in the SVR under Primakov. The most noisy failure was the case of agent Aldrich Ames.

Foreign Secretary

In early 1996, Boris Yeltsin appointed Yevgeny Primakov Minister of Foreign Affairs. His predecessor followed a pro-American course. The biography of Yevgeny Primakov, his experience and previous rhetoric indicated in advance that he would lead domestic diplomacy differently. And so it happened. Primakov treated the United States with extreme restraint. During his first year as a minister, he visited 40 countries, but the States were defiantly not on this list.

It is believed that Yeltsin appointed Primakov, since anti-American rhetoric in the crisis-ridden country was extremely popular among the broad masses of the people. The change of course (at least symbolic) was all the more important because the president had a second election (which he eventually won) on the nose.

The first thing Primakov did as a minister was to recapture the famous building on Smolenskaya Square (previously it also housed the Ministry of Foreign Trade). The new head of the department rotated personnel, changed the places of work of diplomats and forced them to travel more around the world so that they would broaden their horizons.

Prime Minister

In 1998, a default was declared in Russia, followed by the resignation of the government. The State Duma twice refused to return Viktor Chernomyrdin to the post of prime minister. In the current crisis situation, Yevgeny Primakov became the head of government. Photos of the new prime minister did not leave the front pages of newspapers. Formally, it was the pinnacle of his career.

Primakov again had to perform the functions of a "crisis manager". His government was conservative and somewhat leftist. In the end, the prime minister and ministers managed to bring the country out of an acute crisis. Gradual economic growth began. Inflation has dropped. There were active negotiations on loans with the International monetary fund. The budget for 1999 was adopted immediately in the first reading, which was unusual for the State Duma, which was fragmented and mired in internal conflicts. When the communists initiated the impeachment of Yeltsin, the prime minister opposed the idea.

U-turn over the Atlantic

As head of government, Primakov continued the multi-vector foreign policy he pursued as foreign minister. On March 24, 1999, the brightest episode of that premiership took place. Many people know the biography of Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov just for this occasion - a U-turn over the Atlantic. The Prime Minister flew to the United States on an official visit, where important documents on cooperation between the two states were to be signed. While over the Atlantic Ocean, Primakov learned that NATO had decided to start bombing Yugoslavia. Then the board turned around and returned back to Moscow.

The biography of Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov is an example of a politician who tried to talk to everyone on an equal footing - be it Americans or authoritarian Eastern leaders. At the same time, the prime minister personally managed to become an authority for everyone with whom Russia dealt.

Resignation

In 1999, Yeltsin and Primakov finally parted ways. On May 12, Sergei Stepashin became prime minister. In the dismissed Primakov, Yeltsin saw a growing threat to his own power. The released politician did not remain idle. The next elections to the State Duma were approaching. A new bloc "Fatherland - All Russia" appeared in the parliament. Its main figures were the mayor of Moscow, the president of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, and Yevgeny Primakov himself. Biography, family, photo of a politician - all this again became public.

The entire Primakov was in the center of media attention. Widely known throughout the country was the program of Sergei Dorenko on ORT, where he openly criticized the former prime minister. Lobbying the financial interests of his wife, bribes from the Iraqi authorities - this is not all that Yevgeny Primakov was accused of. Photos of the family and news about his alleged hip surgery were known to all Russian television viewers.

Back in Parliament

Today, many people call the ORT information campaign a persecution against Primakov, who was rushing to the State Duma. In response to all the new reports on television, the politician publicly only laughed it off and grinned. Many years later, from interviews with his relatives, it became clear that harassment was an extremely painful blow for a Soviet-style politician.

One way or another, both the “Fatherland - All Russia” bloc, and Yevgeny Primakov himself, a biography, personal life and other facts about which were chewed on in the media on a daily basis, got into the State Duma. The "new old" deputy worked in the parliament for only two years. At meetings, he always sat next to Vyacheslav Volodin, who under Vladimir Putin became deputy head of the presidential administration, and later chairman of that same State Duma. The politician called Primakov his main teacher. The attitude towards Yevgeny Maksimovich as a senior mentor is typical for many representatives of the modern Russian state elite.

President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry

In the "Putin era" Yevgeny Primakov, whose biography has already passed all the stages career development on public service, was much less in demand at the top. First of all, the honorable age affected. Primakov began his political path as a middle-aged man, and at the turn of the century he was already over 70. In 2001-2011. He was President of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Although Primakov has moved into the shadows, he never had a conflict with Vladimir Putin. The head of state himself treated the titan of domestic politics with demonstrative respect.

Primakov rarely gave advice to the authorities, his interviews appeared in the media even more rarely. The politician was generally distinguished by public impenetrability. Journalists often noted that it was almost impossible to extract something superfluous from him during an interview. In 2006, Primakov, speaking to top officials, announced the need to reorient the economy from the "raw material needle" to innovation. Such rhetoric later became the leitmotif of Dmitry Medvedev's presidency. Evgeny Maksimovich was also the chairman of the friendly "Mercury Club", where veterans of big national politics gathered. Vladimir Putin regularly got acquainted with analytical notes and reports of these meetings.

Last years

It is known that shortly before the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, the President of the Russian Federation sent Primakov to him as a diplomat (they had known each other since 1969). With delegations, Yevgeny Maksimovich visited Iraq at the end Soviet era. Then approached American operation"Desert Storm". Primakov brought Soviet specialists and their families (about five thousand people) out of Iraq, and also persuaded the country's authorities not to hide behind human shields from Western citizens.

In the highest circles, the former prime minister was informally known as "Primus", and on his last 85th birthday, he received a primus signed "Record 1" as a gift from the president. The last time Primakov appeared in public was in January 2015 at a meeting of the Mercury Club. The politician died a few months later (June 26). The cause of death was liver cancer, which Yevgeny Primakov had been suffering from for a long time. Biography, family, services to the country - all this was discussed again during the funeral and civil memorial service. The ceremony of farewell to the politician was broadcast live on state television, which once again clearly demonstrated the important place of Yevgeny Maksimovich in modern history Russia.

Yevgeny Primakov is a well-known Russian statesman and politician, orientalist, economist who has made an incommensurable contribution to the economic, political and scientific sectors of the Russian Federation. From 1991 to 1996 he headed the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia, from 1996 to 1998 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, in 1998-99 he was Chairman of the Government of Russia. Over the next ten years, from 2001 to 2011, he was President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation.

Childhood and youth

Primakov Yevgeny Maksimovich was born on October 29, 1929 in Kyiv, but after three months after birth, together with his mother Anna Yakovlevna Kirshenblat became a "victim" Stalinist repressions and as a result they had to leave hometown and move to Tbilisi to live with relatives.

Young Eugene never saw his father and did not know anything about him, he was brought up by one mother who lived only for the sake of her son. It is known that the mother of the future Prime Minister of the Russian Federation was a professional obstetrician-gynecologist and devoted her whole life to this profession.

Primakov's childhood passed in a 14-meter communal apartment without basic amenities, but the boy was always well-fed and dressed, despite the difficult war time The mother worked two jobs to provide her son with everything he needed.

Due to the full employment of his mother, young Zhenya was left to himself, walking all day on the street with the guys, but this did not prevent him from reaching colossal heights in the political firmament in the future. modern Russia and become a worthy citizen of your country.

After graduating from 7 classes high school, the future head of the Russian Foreign Ministry decided to enter the naval preparatory school in Baku, but after two courses of study he was expelled from the ranks of the cadets for health reasons - then Primakov was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. In this regard, the guy had to return to school to get a complete secondary education.

Thanks to the tireless efforts and care of his mother, Eugene managed to overcome a terrible illness. In 1948, the young man successfully graduated from the men's school No. 14 in Tbilisi. In view of the fact that he was a good and diligent student at school, he was able to enter the prestigious Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies “without blat”.

After graduating from the university, Yevgeny Primakov continued his studies and in 1956 graduated from the Moscow State University postgraduate department of economics. In 1959 he defended his thesis and became a candidate of economic sciences.

Career

Yevgeny Primakov's career began in the Arabic edition of the Main Directorate of Radio Broadcasting to Foreign Countries, in which he rose from an ordinary correspondent to the editor-in-chief. In journalism, the future Prime Minister of the Russian Federation worked until 1970, after which Primakov's biography changed its direction towards science.

Then Evgeny Maksimovich took the post of deputy director of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, and after 7 years he headed the Institute of Oriental Studies, while being a professor at the Diplomatic Academy and Academician-Secretary of the Department of Economics and the Department of World Economy and International Relations.

In 1989, the first political star appeared on the horizon of Primakov's career, and he rapidly entered the global world politics. At the beginning, he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and literally a year later he became a member of the Presidential Council, where many serious issues related to the development of dangerous events, situations, conflicts were resolved with his participation.

After the putsch of 1991, Yevgeny Primakov became the chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Council, first of the USSR, and then of Russia, while he served as the first deputy chairman of the KGB of the USSR. In 1996, Evgeny Maksimovich was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, which brought him tremendous success in the political arena.

Then he managed to conduct successful negotiations with the countries of the Middle East and receive many incoherent loans in the amount of $ 3 billion, which were very necessary for the country at that moment.

In 1996, Primakov became Prime Minister of the Russian Federation under the then incumbent president. In this position, Yevgeny Maksimovich also clearly showed his professionalism, since he had a lot of receptions, meetings and negotiations with high-ranking representatives European countries, which, due to Yeltsin's illness, he had to carry out on his own.

In 2001, at an extraordinary congress of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Primakov was elected its president. Until 2011, Primakov remained the unchanging head of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation. In this field, Evgeny Maksimovich focused all his vast experience and scientific potential.

Thanks to his colossal achievements, he was considered the world authority of a statesman and public figure, contributing to the implementation of major federal programs.

In 2008, the ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation joined the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and became an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Education. Evgeny Maksimovich is one of the leading Russian orientalists, the largest scholar in the field of international relations, foreign policy and economics of Russia.

Personal life

The personal life of Yevgeny Primakov, like his career, has sharp turns and unpleasant events. He has been married twice and has a daughter, two granddaughters and a grandson. His first wife was Laura Kharadze, the adopted daughter of an NKVD general. Yevgeny Maksimovich married her in 1951 while still a graduate student. With his first wife, the famous politician lived 36 happy years, but in 1987 Primakov became a widower.

From his first marriage, Yevgeny Maksimovich had a son, Alexander, who died suddenly at a young age from a heart attack, and a daughter, Nana. From his son, Primakov left the only grandson, Yevgeny, who works under the pseudonym Sandro (in honor of his father) as a correspondent for Channel One, and his daughter gave politics two charming granddaughters.

7 years after the death of his first wife, the heart of the politician again opened to love, and he married a second time to his attending physician Irina Borisovna, with whom he walked hand in hand along a difficult career path until the end of his days.

In addition to politics and science, Primakov clearly distinguished himself in literature. He is the author of numerous articles and books on political and economic topics. In addition, Evgeny Maksimovich was fond of poetry and wrote poetry himself.

Death

June 26, 2015 bright politician Yevgeny Primakov at the age of 85. According to media reports, the former head of the Russian Foreign Ministry died of cancer. The entire Russian elite mourns for the largest politician who devoted his whole life to the development of society and the economy of the Russian Federation.

According to friends and associates of the former Prime Minister of Russia, with the death of Primakov, "the era of conscience, honesty and statehood in the new Russia has died." The President of Russia and the Prime Minister personally expressed condolences to the relatives of the deceased politician who created the history of the Russian Federation.

According to leading scientists and statesmen Russia all criteria and goals scientific creativity Yevgeny Primakov will continue to be reference points in the development of various sectors of our state.