Satellite map of Kanibadam - streets and houses online. Satellite map of Kanibadam - streets and houses online How many people are in the city of Kanibadam
On the page is an interactive map of Kanibadam from the satellite. Read more at. Below are satellite images and Google Maps real-time search, photos of the city and Sughd region in Tajikistan, coordinates
Satellite map of Kanibadam - Tajikistan
We observe on the satellite map of Kanibadam how exactly the buildings are located on the streets. Viewing the map of the area, highways and highways, squares and banks, stations and train stations, address search.
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Detailed satellite map Kanibadam (hybrid) and district granted Google service Maps.
Coordinates - 40.287,70.434
For the first time the city of Kanibadam is mentioned in the historical records of the XV century (1463), according to some sources, it existed in the VIII-X centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Kanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC.
HISTORICAL documents and reliable scientific sources state that Kanibadam is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road 3700 years ago passed through Kanibadam and through the cities of Khujand, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the city of Marva. In recent scientific research, which are based on the study of Abulkasim Firdousi's immortal poem "Shahnameh", there are versions that Kanibadam was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between Iranians and Turans went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Rawat).
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written approximately in 712-713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Kutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army, attacked Maverannahr. From this document, we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and connoisseur of geography of the 9th century, al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik va-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region. Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944-990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannahr, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that a stream ran through the center of the city. Brief information about Kanda is given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khujand, except for Kand. Based on Jaikhoni's statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.
Kanibadam has been famous all over the world for its almonds since ancient times. The glory of this city's almonds is mentioned in the poetic heritage of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in the poems of the 12th-century Kanibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni. The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died in 1229) in his book “Mujam-ul-buldon” writes: “Because of the abundance of almonds, Kand became known as Konibodom (“a city rich in almonds”). Here, the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers.” Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in "Boburnam" by the poet and statesman XVI century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and under this name it is known to this day.
Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book “ Short story of the Kokand Khanate” asserts that on the right bank of the Syrdarya River there was a kishlak of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the former location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly on the site of this village. According to his written instructions, the village of Khojayagon existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently fell victim to a fire. Russian archaeologist A.M. Kostaniya, having explored the location of the village of Khodjayagon, claimed that once, a long time ago, there was a settlement here. A few years ago, in the south of the village of Rabot, two marble ram heads and a bronze dagger were found, which belonged to the 3rd-4th centuries BC.
Currently, these priceless archival finds of sculptural art are stored in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the village of Sarikui, Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a history of 2 or 3 thousand years.
The past of Kanibadam is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders who plundered and ravaged the city.
On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gate of the Fergana Valley, and this became the reason for the transformation of the city into the arena of battles of local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent residents of the city became victims of bloodshed. These bloody events are imprinted in the memory of the people of Kanibadam, their stories and legends found their echo in the names of many places.
One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Emir of Bukhara Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand Khan Madalikhan in 1842. Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The book “Muntahab-ul-taborik” by Khoja Khakimkhon (1843) testifies to the atrocities of the troops of Emir Nasrullo in Kanibadam, where he writes: “... Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, took 5 thousand people prisoner. The soldiers of Emir Nasrullo forcibly took away beautiful girls on horseback, on the streets the corpses were lying in blood and mud with a broken chest. Because of this violence and terror, the earth trembled, the rivers boiled, the mountains thundered, the birds groaned as if the end of the world had come.
Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was restored, grew and developed again.
In the second half of the 19th century royal Russia planned to capture Central Asia and take possession of the riches of this fertile land, strengthen their political influence and prevent the influence of Western powers on this territory. To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864, the troops of the Kokand Khan hurried to help the Tashkent people. But despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.
The Bukhara Emir Muzaffar with a hundred thousandth army stopped in the Kanibadam village of Makhram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand khan and liberate Tashkent. But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, was left without an army, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed, and some people were taken prisoner.
Sadriddin Aini, in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Ferghana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; armed people of Ferghana returned to their region, Emir Muzaffar built a fortress in Mahram from human heads and returned to Bukhara ... "
In 1866, the imperial troops completely captured Tashkent. And this grip decided further fate Khanate of Kokand. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor General was founded, the center of which was Tashkent. A peace agreement was signed between the Governor-General and Khan Khudoyor of Kokand, but Khudoyor was later removed from his post. His son Nasriddinbek, who was the ruler of Andijan, became the khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians infidels, infidels, and called on people to revolt against the infidels. This uprising was led by Abdurakhman the coppersmith.
The Kokand Khan in the village of Mahram gathered a 30,000-strong army in order to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, under the leadership of General Kaufman, who had a larger army and better weapons than the locals, after many days of bloody clashes, captured the Makhram fortress and drove the army of Nasriddinbek towards the river. In this battle, a lot of people were killed on both sides. The famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted a picture of the “Battle in Makhram” and depicted the events of this battle.
After the conquest of several cities of Ferghana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed a surrender agreement. According to this agreement, the Mahram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.
After the capture of Tashkent and the Fergana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. Part Russian state included the Turkestan region. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was formed.
The accession of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After construction railway between Samarkand and Fergana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop. Cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam this way to the cities of Russia, and wheat and manufactured goods were brought back.
On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Kanibadam, to study natural resources. Huge underground riches were discovered in Kanibadam, including oil and coal. The Shurab coal mine, an oil refinery, and settlements for Russian emigrants were built.
In 1916, an oil refinery was built near the village of SANTO, and a cotton gin and an oil plant were built in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, cooperation with Russian specialists caused the emergence of a working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the people. With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the population of the city also began to grow. In 1917, there were 30 thousand inhabitants in Kanibadam, and more than 1010 inhabitants in the SANTO settlement.
... The victory of the bourgeois revolution in February 1917 in Russia influenced not only the socio-political life of Russia, but also changed the life of the peoples of Central Asia. The workers of the SANTO coal mine in Kanibadam organized a Council of Workers and Soldiers. This Council protected the interests of the workers and established workers' control over production.
The order of the Russian emperor to involve the local population in the Russian battalions for rear work caused discontent among the peoples of Central Asia. Despite this, hundreds of people from poor families were mobilized for rear work in Russia.
When did it happen in Russia October Revolution, in Kokand the "Kokand autonomy" was formed, the leaders of which called on the people to fight against the revolutionary government. Supporters of the Kokand autonomy temporarily surrounded the Red Army garrison. The provisional autonomous "government" of Kokand did not last long. In a very short time the revolutionary forces overthrew this government.
The victory of the October Revolution in the district of Khujand and in Kanibadam intensified later in May and June 1918. On May 5, 1919, a conference of the Communist Party was held in Kanibadam, and the organization of a regional party committee was announced. The presidium of the party included Ismoil Valiev - the first secretary of the committee, Karimjon Huseynzoda, Homidjon Muminov, Ashurboy Boboev - members of the bureau. The actions of the new government and the party committee were aimed at opening schools, health centers, and creating branches of the executive committee.
Despite the fact that the "Autonomous Kokand Government" was destroyed by the Red Army, the anti-revolutionary forces were able to unite 70 thousand people against Soviet power and thus laid the foundation for the Basmachi and anti-revolutionary movement in the Fergana region. This movement was led by the tsarist General Ribako and Colonel Laurent from the English mission under the nickname Mavlavi.
The party conference of the Fergana region in 1920 decided to organize revolutionary committees (revolutionary committees), self-defense detachments from policemen in the districts and districts to prevent the attack of counter-revolutionaries.
On November 30, 1921, a detachment of Kurbashi Islom in the amount of 1000 people attacked the village of Yaypan in Uzbekistan and Kanibadam, seized the main roads, the garrison of the self-defense detachment, the police building, the hukumat of the party committee, grain warehouses, oil and coal fields.
As a result of this attack, 36 party members, policemen, members of the self-defense detachment were killed. Among those killed were the first secretary of the city committee of the Elberg party, the chief of police Karakaftanov, a member of the party bureau of the regional committee Kuzmin, the communist Okhunjon, a member of the Komsomol Jura Giyasov, a member of the party bureau of the committee of the city of Rakhimpechon, a teacher in the village of Niyazbek Hafiz Jalol and others.
This Basmachi attack was not the first and not the last time. The Basmachi gangs were outraged in the vicinity of the Kanibadam region, robbing and killing civilians.
In 1924-25, with the support of the 6th regiment, the self-defense detachment of the city repulsed a group of Basmachi.
During these years, a terrible famine began in the city. In the appeal of the revolutionary committee of Kanibadam dated November 3, 1925, it was said that the famine was a temporary phenomenon and in a matter of days the peasants would receive a sufficient amount of grain. In the same year, 1,500 poods of grain were allocated for the starving.
After the victory of the Great October Revolution, Kanibadam was part of the Kokand district of the Fergana region. The funds allocated by the region for institutions and departments of public education did not reach in a timely manner. To obtain one document, residents had to visit the center of the region several times.
As a result of the national-territorial division of 1924, Kanibadam remained part of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which caused discontent among the population. In early February 1925, the 5th regional party conference was held in Fergana. Delegates from Kanibadam also took part in the work of the conference, as well as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M.I Kalinin and the leaders of the government of Uzbekistan. Meeting with slogans and banners at the Melnikovo railway station high-ranking leaders who arrived from Fergana on February 8, 1925, representatives of the population of Kanibadam asked to organize an autonomous region of Kanibadam. The leaders promised that the request of the residents to organize an independent district of Kanibadam would soon be resolved.
The meeting of the guests was well organized, but the leaders of the district were punished for organizing the "performance". In June 1925, a party commission arrived in Kanibadam from Samarkand. The chairman of the party committee of Kanibadam Azam Nodirov and the chairman of the executive committee Mahmudjon, the chairman of the revolutionary committee Ashurmukhamadov were removed from their posts, but the people's demand for the organization of the Kanibadam region was fulfilled.
On April 15, 1925, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan issued a decree stating: “It is necessary to recognize as an independent unit the Kanibadam region, populated mainly by Tajiks, with its subordination directly to the regional center” (TsGA Taj. SSR, f. 9, op. 1 , d. 194, l. 286).
Thus, according to the decree of the regional executive committee of Fergana dated May 14, 1925, the Kanibadam region, as an independent region, separated from the Kokand district and became subordinate to the Fergana region.
In response to this decision, the leadership of Kanibadam, on behalf of the workers of the city and the region, sent a telegram to the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan with the following content: "Tajiks express gratitude to the People's Committee and the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan for respecting the rights of the nation."
The order of the Executive Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the resolution of the Executive Committee of the Fergana region played an important role in the socio-economic and cultural development.
Before the national-territorial division of Central Asia, Makhram and Isfara volosts did not belong to Kanibadam. After this order of the Executive Committee of Uzbekistan, they were attached to the Kanibadam region. So, from three volosts in 1925, an independent district of Kanibadam with a Tajik population was formed as part of the Fergana region.
In honor of the organization of the independent region of Kanibadam, by the decision of the executive committee of the region, three-day mass celebrations were announced.
Before the organization of the independent district of Kanibadam, all schools in the district conducted educational work in the Uzbek language, despite the fact that the native language of the students was Tajik. The Executive Committee of Kanibadam by the decision of May 7, 1925 No. 14 decided to conduct office work in institutions and study in educational institutions in the Tajik language.
The decision noted the following:
1. Keep incoming journals at enterprises in the Tajik language. The population writes statements in their native language, the decisions of higher authorities are brought to the attention of residents only in their native language - Tajik.
2. Whoever does not obey this order, on the basis of Law No. 107 will be held administratively liable.
3. Only in the jamoats of Kushkak, Niyazbek and Khamirdzhuy, whose population is mainly Uzbeks, to conduct office work in the Uzbek language.
This decision was signed on 05/07/1925 by the chairman of the executive committee Ashurmuhammadzoda and the secretary Bobokalonov.
By the decision of the executive committee dated May 14, 1925 No. 42, the city of Kanibadam was declared the center of the district administration.
On May 28, 1925, by the decision of the executive committee of the Fergana region, the territory of the Kanibadam region was determined, which included the Chorkukh volost with two kishlak councils, the Isfara volost with four kishlak councils and the Makhram volost with two kishlak councils.
According to the decision, the staff of the executive committee and its departments consisted of 71 people, including 20 employees of the executive committee. The decision recommended; so that comrades Pogodin and Nikiforov consider the question of the rights of the executive committee of Kanibadam in connection with equating it to a district.
After the founding of the independent Kanibadam region, socio-economic and cultural life developed at a high pace. Oil production in SANTO and Shurab coal was being established. SANTO oil was sent by rail to the cities of Russia.
In 1925, the construction of a cannery began in the city center. Machine tools of domestic and foreign production were brought and installed with the help of the American engineer Muligon Frank. This enterprise was put into operation ahead of schedule on August 25, 1929, seven craft artels were also opened in the city, 533 people worked in them.
In order to plan the construction of a new plant, on January 30, 1930, on the instructions of the government of Tajikistan, Professor Smirnitsky and Dvorkin, a specialist from the Konservtrest of the USSR, were sent to Kanibadam. In 1931, the construction of the Kanibadam-Isfara railway began, in 1932 it was put into operation, the construction of the road was continued, and it was laid to the town of Shurab. In 1933, the construction of the railway to Shurab was completed.
In 1935, the construction of a cotton ginning plant began in Kanibadam, and in 1938, a spinning factory. They were commissioned on time, in 1939. The construction of a car repair plant (Avtozavod) began. IN prewar years began to prepare drawings for the construction of the Kanibadam oil plant ...
...According to historical sources, Kanibadam was part of the Khujand region during the Middle Ages. Kanibadam volost since 1866 was part of the Kokand Khanate. After the destruction of this khanate, Kanibadam joined the Isfara district, by order of the Turkestan Governor-General dated March 12, 1881. No. 83 Kanibadam volost again became part of Kokand.
After the accession of Central Asia to Russia, the territory of Central Asia (except for the Bukhara and Kokand khanates) was divided into districts. The uyezd, in turn, - into volosts, volosts - into jamoats. The structure of the governor-general of Turkestan included 5 regions, 27 counties and 603 volosts.
The territory of the Kokand district was divided into several parts, which were controlled by bailiffs. This administrative structure in Turkestan continued until the Great October Socialist Revolution. In Kanibadam, the district bailiff monitored the work of volosts and jamoats.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the central part of Kanibadam was divided into Pulodon, Sarikui, Kuyigoziyon and Firuzoba jamoats. Each part of the city was ruled by the headman - amin. There were 60 settlements in the city, the elders were called "elikboshi" (heads of 50 houses).
February 6, 1921 Kanibadam included 6 volosts. By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan dated April 15, 1925. on the territory of three volosts: Mahram, Kanibadam and Isfara - an independent region of Tajiks was founded - Kanibadam - as part of Uzbekistan. Two years later, the Isfara region separated as an independent region.
February 14, 1927 after lengthy negotiations between representatives of the Kanibadam region and the leaders of the Fergana region, the Kanibadam region withdrew from the Fergana region and became part of the Khojent district.
In October 1929 The Autonomous Republic of Tajikistan entered the USSR as an independent republic.
By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR of October 14, 1930. the center of the Kanibadam district became part of an independent administrative-territorial city. Part of the city center was divided into 18 quarters, and the city included 15 jamoats.
By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Taj. SSR dated March 11, 1935. the city of Kanibadam again turned into the Kanibadam region. With the development of industry and culture, the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the TSSR of August 11, 1937. the center of the district turned into a city and was governed by the executive committee of the district.
After three land and water reforms, the peasants in Kanibadam had a certain amount of land, but before the start of collectivization National economy part of the land was in the hands of the former owners. The peasants rented part of the land from the state, in return they rented cotton under the contract.
As a result of such relations, the development of individual farms was difficult. In 1927 for the experiment in Cheki Berdikul in the village of Shahidkarayantok of Karakchikuma, TOZs were organized, which became the foundation for the organization of collective farms. They had little land. In the village of Pulodon, 15 peasants founded the Podvoisky artel.
In 1930 collective farms were organized instead of artels. In 1932, the number of collective farms was already 43.
It should be noted that during the collectivization of the national economy in Kanibadam, for various fictitious reasons, middle peasants and even the poor were included in the list of kulaks for no reason. Only in 1931-32. 260 peasant farms from the region were included in the list of kulaks and exiled to the Caucasus.
Several of our countrymen, fearing political repression, emigrated to Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other countries. In addition, according to the Decree of the People's Commissariat of Tajikistan dated November 16, 1932. over 100 households were resettled in the Vakhsh valley.
Despite economic difficulties, in 1931. the new collective farms delivered 162 tons of cotton to the state. The MTS, which were organized in Kanibadam in 1930, played an important role in the organization of collective farms. and provided the collective farms with equipment.
During these years, cotton growing, horticulture and horticulture developed in the region. From year to year, the yield of cotton and grain increased. Thanks to the construction in 1939. The Great Ferghana Canal, 270 km long, which was dug by the people's hashar in 45 days, hundreds of hectares of rainfed land were developed. During the years of construction of the Kairakkum hydroelectric power station and the Tajik Sea (“Bahri Tojik”), most of the fertile lands of Mahram and Karakchikum remained under water. Residents moved to the left bank of the sea and built houses and farms. Thanks to the work of water pumping stations, 3139 hectares of rainfed land were irrigated only in Karakchikum and Mahram. With the help of Soviet power, the collective farms were transformed into advanced and wealthy farms.
In the early 50s of the last century, the unification of collective farms began. 44 small collective farms were merged into 6 large collective farms, which made it possible for the collective farms to become powerful and contributed to the provision of equipment. In 1988, the district managed to achieve excellent results in cotton production. Having handed over 30,277 tons of cotton to the state this year, the district fulfilled the plan by 114.9%, the yield reached 29.9 centners per hectare.
As a result of political and economic changes in the 90s of the last century, joint-stock companies and peasant farms were organized on the basis of collective farms.
Now 123 water pumps are used in Kanibadam, which provide households with water from the Syr Darya, the Great Fergana Canal and the Isfara River.
June 22, 1941 Nazi Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union. To protect the country in the very first days of the war, at the call of the State Defense Committee under the slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory," militias of people from the fraternal republics were created.
On the battlefield, along with other brothers, were the Kanibadams, whose courage and bravery inscribed their names in history. The first to go into battle voluntarily were communists, party and government workers. Among them are the second secretary of the city party committee Abdullo Maksudov, the head and employees of the agitation and propaganda department Akbar Makhkamov, Nabi Fakhri, Samijonov, S. Goibnazarov, the chairman of the city executive committee of the district Jura Ergashev and hundreds of other volunteers. And the rear turned into a field of labor exploits and became the backbone of the Soviet Army. IN the shortest time all industrial enterprises of the city, collective farms and state farms of the region went into martial law, and part of the enterprises was converted for the production of military products.
A car repair plant, a cannery, a spinning and sewing artel produced military products for front-line soldiers. At the cannery, shops for preserving meat and milk were opened, which supplied the front with food. The sewing artel produced blankets, shoes and felt boots for front-line soldiers. The city's industrial output was mainly sent to the front.
In these difficult days, having mastered the male profession, women sat down at the wheel of cars and tractors, taking the places of front-line men. The steadfastness and dedication of women in the rear ensured the organization of advanced front-line brigades. Azimova, Samadova, Parpiev from the Kommunist collective farm, Akhmedova, Khairi Abdulloeva from the Madaniyat collective farm, Jonon Urunova from the Udarnik collective farm, Enazhon Boimatova, Adolat Isoeva from the Chapaev collective farm and others joined the Stakhanovites. Activists of the district organized hectares of defense, defense funds. For a year and a half of the war, the residents of Kanibadam contributed 143,531 rubles to the defense fund and bought government bonds for 181,145 rubles. They sent to the front 3,500 centners of grain, 6,500 centners of fruit, 8,000 tons of dried fruit, 90 head of livestock, 586 pairs of felt boots, 22 sheepskin coats, and much more. At the initiative of the youth of the city, fundraising for the construction of a tank column continued. The youth collected 106,187 rubles for construction and bought government bonds for 22,000 rubles.
Voluntary assistance to the front testified to the high patriotism of the working people of the region.
From the first days of the war, courageous front-line soldiers showed stamina and performed unprecedented feats. Among the fighters who defended the borders of the USSR was our fellow machine gunner Akbar Makhmudov. He showed courage and steadfastness in the defense of the Brest Fortress. Although he died from an enemy bullet, his courage and heroism made his name famous in the country.
A native of Makhram, junior lieutenant Ergash Sharipov destroyed 30 German soldiers and 6 self-propelled guns in the city of Uter Brod, Czechoslovakia. Was injured. Despite this, he continued to command in battle until the enemy attack was repelled. For military exploits, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero. Soviet Union May 15, 1946
On August 4-5, 1941, a native of the village of Sarikui, Pulatan Jamoat, teacher, squad leader Dadojon Saifulloev, on the South-Western Front in the village of Gatno, performed a feat, being a scout, was wounded during an attack and died at the hands of friends. For participation in military operations, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin on November 5, 1941.
Back in 1938, a former internal affairs officer, Lieutenant Colonel Nizom Nazarov, in the war against the Japanese militarists on Lake Khasan, having shown valor, destroyed many Japanese soldiers and, having captured an enemy car, transported them through impenetrable swamps. October 25, 1938 he was among the first to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. During the Second World War, as part of the 491st battalion, the 16th air force reached Berlin and participated in the capture of this city. He has two Orders of the Red Banner and military medals.
The sister of mercy, the only one from Kanibadam, Shahri Khaidarova cured many wounded during the war, saved them from death. On fragile shoulders, she carried countless wounded from the battlefield. This brave girl from Kanibadam went with sanitary units from Voronezh to the shores of the Baltic, and after the victory over Germany, she participated in the war against Japan, reached Manchuria.
…In the Great Patriotic war hundreds of fighters from Kanibadam participated, they were awarded military orders and medals. During the war years, almost 6,000 young men were called up from Kanibadam, and almost 3,000 of them died on the fronts of the war. In memory of them, a memorial plaque was erected in their homeland. As already mentioned, during the Second World War, the rear became the second front. In 1942 1,400 children, women and the elderly were resettled from the front line to the rear, including to Kanibadam. By decree of the city executive committee of the district of March 22, 1942. jamoats (village councils) were given the task of accommodating refugees in rural areas (villages). According to this decree, every day the refugees were given 300 g of grain, 25 g of butter, 50 g of bran.
In 1942-43, two military field hospitals were transported to Kanibadam from Moscow and placed in the best buildings of the city - in the building of the Pedagogical College (now the Technological College), schools named after Lenin and Narimanov. Collective farms were given the task of providing and caring for the sick.
…Since ancient times, schools have been the main
TajikistanKanibadam(taj. Konibodom) - a city (since 1937) in. It is located in the southwestern part of the Fergana Valley, on the Great Fergana Canal, which runs along the southern outskirts of the city, 6 km from the Kanibadam railway station (the old name is Melnikovo). A river flows through the valley in which the city stands.
Story
The city of Kanibadam is one of the most ancient settlements of Central Asia. For the first time, the name of the city in the form of "Kand", meaning a settlement, was mentioned as early as the 8th century. The origin of the name is connected with the word "bodom" - almond (Persian بادام ), "konibodom" - the source of almonds, the city of almonds. Kand, due to its geographical location, had all the conditions for compact living of people in antiquity. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Kanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC. e .. In the latest scientific research, which is based on the study of the immortal poem of Abulkasim Firdousi "Shahnameh", there are versions that Kanibadam was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between Iranians and Turanians went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Rawat ). His natural conditions, namely the location in the lower reaches of the Isfarasai River, contributed to the emergence and development Agriculture, an increase in the number of population, as well as the emergence and development of various branches of the craft.
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written approximately in 712-713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Kutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army, attacked Maverannahr. From this document, we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and connoisseur of geography of the 9th century, al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik va-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region. Later (at the end of the 9th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944-990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannakhr, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that a stream ran through the center of the city. Brief information about Kand are given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khujand, except for Kand. Based on Jaikhoni's statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khujand region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.
Kanibadam has been famous all over the world for its almonds since ancient times. The glory of this city's almonds is mentioned in the poetic heritage of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in the poems of the 12th-century Kanibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni. The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died in 1229) in his book “Mujam-ul-buldon” writes: “Because of the abundance of almonds, Kand became known as Konibodom (“a city rich in almonds”). Here, the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers.” Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in "Boburnam" by the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and under this name it is known to this day.
Population
The population is estimated at 51,600 as of January 1, 2018, making the city the seventh most populous in the state.
Industry and production
In Kanibadam there are cotton and agricultural products processing plants, a spinning mill and an oil refinery. IN Soviet time also operated an auto parts factory and an oil refinery. The city produces products of folk art crafts. Agriculture is also developed.
Cultural and historical sights
The city has a drama theatre, a museum, a technological college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.
2 madrasas have been preserved: Mir-Rajab-Dodho(XVI century) and Oim(XVII century), Manor Khojai Rushnoi(XIX c.), mosques, mausoleum Langari-Bobo.
Notable people associated with the city
- Bobo Tabibi Fargoni - medieval poet
- Abdulatifhoch Koriya Hisori- poet, writer, manuscript of the 19th century
- Hafizkhon Makhsum - late 19th, early 20th century, grandson of Abdulatifhoch Koriya Hisori, led the Khodjarushnoi madrasah
Born in Kanibadam
- Negmat Karabaev - the first hero of the Soviet Union from the Central Asian republics of the USSR in 1940
- Kamil Yarmatovich Yarmatov (1903-1978) - Soviet, Tajik and Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (1959). Hero of Socialist Labor (1973).
- Tufa Fazylovna Fazylova (1917-1985) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
- Lutfi Zahidova (1925-1995) - ballerina, performer folk dances, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
- Abdulahad Kaharovich Kakharov - Soviet party and statesman, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik SSR (1961-1973).
- Murtazaev Kayum Murtazaevich (1926-1982) - statesman and party leader, secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, 1st secretary of the Tashkent city committee and the Bukhara regional party committee, Chairman of the State Labor Committee of the Uzbek SSR.
- Poet Burkhon Farrukh
- Poet Ali Bobojon
Notes
- Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2016. Message from the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Archived August 10, 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- Akmal Mannonov. How Kanibadam joined Tajikistan // Asia-plus 14/04/2015 11:59
Links
- History of Kanibadam
- Official Website of Kanibadam
Literature
- Kanibadam // Candidate - Kinescope. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1953. - S. 7. - (Big soviet encyclopedia: [in 51 tons] / ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky; 1949-1958, v. 20).
Kandi Bodom
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Tajiks, Uzbeks
Kanibadam, Kanibadam, Kanibadam
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The origin of the name is connected with the word "bodom" - almond (Persian بادام ), "konibodom" - the source of almonds, the city of almonds.
Highway junction. 50.4 thousand inhabitants (2016). For the first time the city is mentioned in the historical acts of the 9th century, according to some sources, it existed in the 8th-10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Kanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC. e.
Population
The population is estimated at 1 January 2016 to be 50,400. What makes the city 7 in the state.
Industry and production
In Kanibadam there are cotton and agricultural products processing plants, a spinning mill and an oil refinery. In Soviet times, a factory for the production of auto parts and an oil refinery also operated. The city produces products of folk art crafts. Agriculture is also developed.
Cultural and historical sights
The city has a drama theatre, a museum, a technological college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.
2 madrasas have been preserved: Mir-Rajab-Dodho(XVI century) and Oim(XVII century), mosques, mausoleum Langari-Bobo.
Notable people associated with the city
- Bobo Tabibi Fargoni - medieval poet
- Abdulatifhocha Korii Hisori - poet, writer, manuscript of the 19th century
- Hafizkhon Makhsum - late 19th, early 20th century, grandson of Abdulatifhoch Koriya Hisori, led the Khodjarushnoi madrasah
Born in Kanibadam
- Negmat Karabaev - the first hero of the Soviet Union from the Central Asian republics of the USSR in 1940
- Kamil Yarmatovich Yarmatov (-) - Soviet, Tajik and Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (). Hero of Socialist Labor ().
- Tufa Fazylovna Fazylova (1917-1985) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
- Lutfi Zahidova (1925-1995) - ballerina, folk dancer, People's Artist of the USSR (1957)
- Abdulahad Kaharovich Kakharov - Soviet party and statesman, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik SSR (1961-1973).
- Murtazaev Kayum Murtazaevich (-) - statesman and party leader, secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, 1st secretary of the Tashkent city committee and the Bukhara regional party committee, Chairman of the State Labor Committee of the Uzbek SSR.
- Poet Burkhon Farrukh
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An excerpt characterizing Kanibadam
- Attendez [Wait], - said Anna Pavlovna, thinking. - I'll talk to Lise today (la femme du jeune Bolkonsky). [with Lisa (wife of the young Bolkonsky).] And maybe this will be settled. Ce sera dans votre famille, que je ferai mon apprentissage de vieille fille. [In your family, I will begin to learn the trade of the old girl.]Anna Pavlovna's drawing room began to gradually fill up. The highest nobility of St. Petersburg arrived, people of the most heterogeneous in age and character, but the same in the society in which everyone lived; the daughter of Prince Vasily, the beautiful Helen, arrived, who had called in for her father to go with him to the feast of the envoy. She was in cypher and a ball gown. Also known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg [the most charming woman in St. Petersburg], the young, little princess Bolkonskaya, who got married last winter and now did not go out to the big world because of her pregnancy, but went on small evenings, also arrived. Prince Hippolyte, son of Prince Vasily, arrived with Mortemar, whom he introduced; Abbé Morio and many others also came.
- You haven't seen it yet? or: - you don't know ma tante [with my aunt]? - Anna Pavlovna said to the visiting guests and very seriously led them to a little old woman in high bows, who floated out of another room, as soon as the guests began to arrive, she called them by name, slowly shifting her eyes from the guest to ma tante [aunt], and then departed.
All the guests performed the ceremony of greeting an unknown, uninteresting and unnecessary aunt to no one. Anna Pavlovna followed their greetings with sad, solemn sympathy, tacitly approving them. Ma tante spoke to everyone in the same terms about his health, about her health and about the health of Her Majesty, which today was, thank God, better. All those who approached, without showing haste out of decency, with a sense of relief from the heavy duty they had performed, moved away from the old woman, so that they would not go up to her all evening.
The young Princess Bolkonskaya arrived with work in an embroidered gold velvet bag. Her pretty, with a slightly blackened mustache, her upper lip was short in teeth, but it opened all the nicer and stretched out even more nicely sometimes and fell on the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her flaw - the shortness of her lips and her half-open mouth - seemed to be her special, her own beauty. It was fun for everyone to look at this, full of health and liveliness, pretty future mother who so easily endured her position. It seemed to the old men and the bored, gloomy young people who looked at her that they themselves were becoming like her after having been and talked with her for some time. Anyone who spoke to her and saw at every word her bright smile and shining white teeth, which were constantly visible, thought that he was especially amiable today. And that's what everyone thought.
The little princess, waddling, walked around the table with small quick steps with a work bag on her arm and, gaily straightening her dress, sat down on the sofa, near the silver samovar, as if everything she did was part de plaisir [entertainment] for her and for everyone those around her.
- J "ai apporte mon ouvrage [I grabbed the job]," she said, unfolding her purse and addressing everyone together.
“Look, Annette, ne me jouez pas un mauvais tour,” she turned to the hostess. - Vous m "avez ecrit, que c" etait une toute petite soiree; voyez, comme je suis attifee. [Don't play a bad joke on me; you wrote to me that you had a very small evening. See how badly I'm dressed.]
And she spread her hands to show her, in lace, an elegant gray dress, girded with a wide ribbon a little below her breasts.
- Soyez tranquille, Lise, vous serez toujours la plus jolie [Be calm, you will be the best], - answered Anna Pavlovna.
- Vous savez, mon mari m "abandonne," she continued in the same tone, referring to the general, "il va se faire tuer. Dites moi, pourquoi cette vilaine guerre, [You know, my husband is leaving me. Going to his death. Say , why this nasty war,] - she said to Prince Vasily and, without waiting for an answer, turned to the daughter of Prince Vasily, to the beautiful Helen.
- Quelle delicieuse personne, que cette petite princesse! [What a charming person this little princess is!] - said Prince Vasily quietly to Anna Pavlovna.
Shortly after the little princess, a massive, stout young man with a cropped head, spectacles, light trousers in the fashion of the time, with a high frill, and in a brown tailcoat, entered. This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine's nobleman, Count Bezukhoi, who was now dying in Moscow. He had not served anywhere yet, had just arrived from abroad, where he had been brought up, and was for the first time in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with a bow, which belonged to the people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon. But, despite this inferior greeting, at the sight of Pierre entering, Anna Pavlovna displayed anxiety and fear, similar to that which is expressed at the sight of something too huge and unusual for a place. Although, indeed, Pierre was somewhat larger than the other men in the room, but this fear could only relate to that intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.
Trip to Kanibadam.
“Kand, because of the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“city rich in almonds”). Here, the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers.
Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi. The book "Mujam-ul-Buldon".
For the first time, the city of Kanibadam is mentioned in the historical records of the 15th century (1463), according to some sources, it existed in the 8th - 10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Kanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of this city existed in the second millennium BC.
Historical documents and reliable scientific sources state that Kanibadam is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road 3700 years ago passed through Kanibadam and through the cities of Khujand, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the city of Marva.
In the latest scientific research, which is based on the study of Abulkasim Firdousi's immortal poem "Shahnameh", there are versions that Kanibadam was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between Iranians and Turanians went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Rawat).
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarna, which was written approximately in 712-713 and was addressed to the ruler of the city of Sogd, Divashtak, when Kutayba ibn Muslim, the commander-in-chief of the Arab army, attacked Maverannahr.
From this document, we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and connoisseur of geography of the 9th century, al-Istakhri, in his work “Al-Molik va-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region.
Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944 - 990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannahr, in his work "Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim" gives information about the city Kande also mentions that a stream passed through the center of this city.
Brief information about Kanda is given in the book of geography of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaikhoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khujand, except for Kand. Based on Jaikhoni's statement, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and developed as an independent city already in the 10th century.
Kanibadam has been famous all over the world for its almonds since ancient times. The glory of this city's almonds is mentioned in the poetic heritage of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in the poems of the 12th-century Kanibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni.
The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died in 1229) in his book “Mujam-ul-buldon” writes: “Because of the abundance of almonds, Kand became known as Konibodom (“a city rich in almonds”). Here, the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers.”
Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in "Boburnam" by the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and under this name it is known to this day.
The Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book "A Brief History of the Kokand Khanate" claims that on the right bank of the Syr Darya River there was a kishlak of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the former location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly on the site of this village.
According to his written instructions, the village of Khojayagon existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently fell victim to a fire. Russian archaeologist A.M. Kostaniya, having explored the location of the village of Khodjayagon, claimed that once, a long time ago, there was a settlement here.
A few years ago, in the south of the village of Rabot, two marble ram heads and a bronze dagger were found, which belonged to the 3rd-4th centuries BC. Currently, these priceless archival finds of sculptural art are stored in the Hermitage Museum of St. Petersburg.
Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the village of Sarikui, Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a history of 2 or 3 thousand years.
The past of Kanibadam is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders who plundered and ravaged the city.
On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gate of the Fergana Valley, and this became the reason for the transformation of the city into the arena of battles of local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent residents of the city became victims of bloodshed.
These bloody events are imprinted in the memory of the people of Kanibadam, their stories and legends found their echo in the names of many places. One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Emir of Bukhara Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand Khan Madalikhan in 1842.
Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The book “Muntahab-ul-taborik” by Khoja Hakimkhon (1843) testifies to the atrocities of the troops of Emir Nasrullo in Kanibadam, where he writes: “... Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, took 5 thousand people prisoner.
The soldiers of Emir Nasrullo were forcibly taken away on horseback beautiful girls, on the streets the corpses were lying in the blood and in the mud with a broken chest. Because of this violence and terror, the earth trembled, the rivers boiled, the mountains thundered, the birds groaned as if the end of the world had come.
Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was restored, grew and developed again. In the second half of the 19th century, tsarist Russia planned to seize Central Asia and seize the riches of this fertile land, strengthen its political influence and prevent the influence of Western powers on this territory.
To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864, the troops of the Kokand Khan hurried to help the Tashkent people. But despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.
The Bukhara Emir Muzaffar with a hundred thousandth army stopped in the Kanibadam village of Makhram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand khan and liberate Tashkent.
But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, was left without an army, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed, and some people were taken prisoner. Sadriddin Aini, in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Fergana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; armed people of Ferghana returned to their region, Emir Muzaffar built a fortress in Mahram from human heads and returned to Bukhara ... ".
In 1866, the imperial troops completely captured Tashkent.
And this capture decided the further fate of the Kokand Khanate. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor General was founded, the center of which was Tashkent. A peace agreement was signed between the Governor-General and Khan Khudoyor of Kokand, but Khudoyor was later removed from his post.
His son Nasriddinbek, who was the ruler of Andijan, became the khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians infidels, infidels, and called on people to revolt against the infidels.
This uprising was led by Abdurakhman the coppersmith. The Khan of Kokand gathered a 30,000-strong army in the village of Makhram in order to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, under the leadership of General Kaufman, who had a larger army and better weapons than the locals, after many days of bloody clashes, captured the Makhram fortress and drove the army of Nasriddinbek towards the river.
In this battle, a lot of people were killed on both sides. The famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted a picture of the “Battle in Makhram” and depicted the events of this battle.
After the conquest of several cities of Ferghana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed a surrender agreement. According to this agreement, the Mahram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.
After the capture of Tashkent and the Fergana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. The Turkestan region became part of the Russian state. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was formed.
The accession of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After the construction of the railway between Samarkand and Ferghana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop.
Cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam this way to the cities of Russia, and wheat and manufactured goods were brought back. On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Kanibadam, to study natural resources.
Huge underground riches were discovered in Kanibadam, including oil and coal. The Shurab coal mine, an oil refinery, and settlements for Russian emigrants were built.
In 1916, an oil refinery was built near the village of Santo, and a cotton gin and an oil refinery were built in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, cooperation with Russian specialists caused the emergence of a working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the people.
With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the population of the city also began to grow. In 1917, there were 30,000 inhabitants in Kanibadam, and more than 1,010 inhabitants in the settlement of Santo.
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