Mongolian skinheads. Hitler's nightmare: Mongolian neo-Nazis

BRDM-2 (Armored Reconnaissance and Patrol Vehicle-2) is a further development of the BRDM-1. Serially produced from 1963 to 1982 by the Gorky Automobile Plant and from 1982 to 1989 by the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant (as well as under license in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia). BRDM-2 has low security, armor protects against bullets small arms and splinters.

BRDM-2 - video

The main feature of the car is a very high cross-country ability. In addition to the main all-wheel drive chassis with adjustable tire pressure, in the middle part of the hull there are special additional retractable wheels, which allow, in particular, to overcome significant ditches and trenches. Currently used to varying degrees in the intelligence units of more than 50 countries. The troops have the nickname "Bardak". In the USSR, production was completed in November 1989. Production continues under license in Poland.

History of creation

The combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicle was developed at the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant. The work was supervised by V. A. Dedkov. May 22, 1962 the car was put into service. Serial production of the machine was organized in 1963 at GAZ, and since 1982 at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant and continued until 1989.

BRDM-2 (GAZ-41-06) - base model. Produced since 1963

BRDM-2 "Fox" (GAZ-41-10) - the base model. Produced since 1967. With automatic PAZ and additional night vision devices

BRDM-2A - modernized

Design

BRDM-2 has a layout with the location of the control compartment in the front, the fighting compartment - in the middle, and the engine compartment - in the aft part of the vehicle. The crew of the BRDM consists of four people: the commander and the driver, who are in the control compartment on the right and left, respectively, the gunner, who is in the tower, and the observer, who occupies a place on the port or starboard side in the fighting compartment.

Armored corps and turret

Department of Management

In the bow of the hull is the control compartment. The control department houses the machine controls, as well as the following equipment:

Commander's and driver's seats;
- Instrumentation;
- Radio station;
- Surveillance devices.

The seats have a position adjustment system. In the niche of the right front wheel there is a bracket for the DP-3B radiometer. The remote unit of the device is fixed in the case on the front bottom sheet.

In the event of a roadside bomb being blown up, located at least a short distance from the BRDM, unlike the American HAMVI, it did not receive any special damage, unless, of course, half a ton of explosives was buried in the ground - well, then the tank would have "flew" .. not like a light armored vehicle. True, as for comfort ... yes - there is no comparison between the Humvee and the BRDM-2. But it is better to let it be hot and uncomfortable than cozy, and then cold, but for good.

fighting compartment

The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the vehicle. In order to access the power plant from inside the vehicle, in the rear of the fighting compartment there is a partition in which special hatches are installed.

In the fighting compartment there are two places for the crew of the vehicle. A shoulder strap is installed on the roof, on which the tower of the machine is placed. The turret has a hanging seat to accommodate the shooter. In the center on the floor there is a sealed casing, under which the transfer box is located. In addition, there is a special niche in the floor for placing tools. The niche is closed with a hinged lid.

BRDM-2 overcomes a water barrier

Propulsion unit

At the rear of the case is the compartment of the power plant. In the department of the power plant are located:

Manual engine start drive;
- Engine;
- Fuel tank starting heater;
- Generator set;
- Filtering unit;
- Transmission;
- Air balloons;
- Water and oil radiators;
- Accumulator battery;
- Water and oil heat exchangers;
- Cardan drive of a jet propulsion unit;
- Compressor;
- Pumping valve;
- Starting heater;
- Water pumping electric pump.

The jet propulsion unit is installed in the aft part of the machine. Water is taken from under the bottom. The propellers are equipped with propellers with a diameter of 500 mm. Traction force at 900..1100 rpm of the screw is 700 kgf. The propeller is driven by a special power take-off mounted on the left side of the gearbox.

Armament

The armament of the BRDM-2 is a twin installation of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT. The installation is placed on trunnions in the frontal part of the tower, its guidance in the vertical plane, within -5 ... + 30 °, is carried out manually using a screw mechanism, horizontal guidance is carried out by rotating the tower. The aiming of machine guns at the target is carried out using a periscope optical sight PP-61 or PP-61AM, having a magnification of 2.6 × with a field of view of 23 ° and providing fire from the KPVT at a distance of up to 2000 meters and from the PKT - up to 1500 meters. KPVT is designed to combat lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles and has an ammunition load of 500 rounds in 10 tapes, equipped with B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets and tracer BZT or armor-piercing incendiary, with a tungsten carbide core, BS-41 bullets and BST tracer, and also incendiary ZP. The Kalashnikov machine gun is designed to destroy manpower and firepower of the enemy and has an ammunition load of 2000 rounds in 8 belts.

BRDM-2 with lowered additional wheels overcomes the trench

Means of observation and communication

As a means of reconnaissance, the BRDM-2 has a developed set of surveillance equipment. The commander of the vehicle has a binocular periscopic tank panorama TPKU-2B, which provides a magnification of 5 × with a field of view of 7.5 °, which allows observation at a distance of up to 3,000 meters, and gives an all-round view. At night, at the site of TPKU-2B, a monocular night vision device TKN-1S was installed, which had a magnification of 2.75 × and a field of view of 10 ° and provided observation at a distance of up to 250-300 meters when illuminated by an infrared illuminator OU-3. In addition to them, the commander has four fixed periscope devices: one TNPO-115 and three TPN-B, providing an overview of the frontal and starboard sector. The driver has six periscopic viewing devices: two TNPO-115 and four TPN-B, providing an overview of the frontal and left side sector. At night, the central device TNPO-115 is replaced by a fixed binocular night vision device TVNO-2B, which provides observation in the 30 ° sector at a distance of 50-60 meters. In non-combat conditions, the commander and driver could observe through inspection hatches in the front of the hull. The observer at each of his places had three TPN-B periscope devices, which provided an overview of the corresponding airborne sector. TPN-B and TNPO-115 had a single increase and were distinguished by the presence of electric heating in the latter, which improved visibility through them at low temperatures. The turret gunner, in addition to the sight of the machine-gun mount, which he used as the main means of observation, had a TNPT-1 periscope device installed in the roof of the turret and providing observation of the aft sector at 52 °.

To overcome trenches and trenches, the BRDM-2 has two pneumatic wheels on each side. The wheel size is 700×250 mm. Before overcoming obstacles, the wheels are lowered, and after overcoming they are raised with the help of four hydraulic lifters with a ball lock. Wheels as well as the main ones are leading. They are set in motion thanks to the power take-off through chain drives.

Engine and transmission

The BRDM-2 is equipped with an eight-cylinder V-shaped four-stroke gasoline engine GAZ-41, similar to the engines installed on the Chaika GAZ-13 and GAZ-14 cars. Engine power is 140 liters. With. The engine uses a combined lubrication system (pressure and splash). The oil pump is two-section gear type. A jet driven centrifugal oil filter is also used. The total capacity of the fuel tanks is 280 liters.

The transmission is mechanical. Has 4 forward and one reverse gear. The clutch is single-disk, damper with an outer diameter of the driven disk of 300 mm.

BRDM-2, additional wheels are raised into a niche, a chain drive is visible

Chassis

Chassis wheeled. The camber angle is 0°45". car tires 12.00-18 "with central pressure control, similar to the tires of GAZ-63, GAZ-66 and ZIL-157 cars. Spring suspension with longitudinal semi-elliptical springs. The ends of the springs are installed in rubber cushions. Each axle has two telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers with bilateral action.

To overcome trenches and trenches, the BRDM-2 has two pneumatic wheels on each side. The wheel size is 700×250 mm. Before overcoming obstacles, the wheels are lowered, and after overcoming they are raised with the help of four hydraulic lifters with a ball lock. The wheels, as well as the main ones, are leading. They are set in motion thanks to the power take-off through chain drives.

The jet propulsion unit is installed in the aft part of the machine. Water is taken from under the bottom. The propellers are equipped with propellers with a diameter of 500 mm. Traction force at 900-1100 rpm of the screw is 700 kgf. The propeller is driven by a special power take-off mounted on the left side of the gearbox.

Modifications

BRDM-2M(A) - an upgraded version of the BRDM-2. Producer - Arzamas machine-building plant. The car is lightened - the onboard wheel mechanisms for increasing the cross-country ability are removed, instead of them trapezoidal doors from the BTR-70 appeared. The suspension is unified with the BTR-80. Instead of a gasoline engine, a D-245.9 turbodiesel engine with a capacity of 136 liters was installed. The BRDM is equipped with a BPU-1 turret armed with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun (moreover, the angle of fire of the KPVT is increased to +60 °) and is equipped with modern R-163 or R-173 radios.

BRDM-2LD - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2 (with side landing hatches and diesel engine SMD-21-08 of Ukrainian production), was produced by the State Enterprise "Nikolaev Mechanical Repair Plant". The production was discontinued due to the bankruptcy of the Sickle and Hammer plant (manufacturer of the SMD series engines)

BRDM-2M - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2. Same as BRDM-2LD, but with standard petrol engine. Produced by SE "Nikolaev Mechanical Repair Plant".

BRDM-2DI "Khazar" - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed in 2005 at the State Enterprise "Nikolaev Mechanical Repair Plant". The landing side doors of the BRDM-2LD and BRDM-2M types were retained, an FPT IVECO Tector diesel engine with a preheater, a thermal imager and new complex weapons.

BRDM-2DP - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed by OJSC Mayak Plant. Lightweight modification (the turret and on-board wheel mechanisms for increasing cross-country ability were removed), a side door for landing was equipped, a diesel engine and a device for overcoming trenches and trenches were installed, weapons were changed (12.7-mm bow machine gun DShKM and 2 side 7.62-mm machine gun SGMB). Also, the machine can be equipped with removable anti-cumulative nets.

1 - wave-reflective shield; 2 - towing bracket; 3 - lighting headlights; 4 - navigation equipment coordinator; 5 - illuminator; 6 - viewing devices; 7 - loophole for firing; 8 - installation of machine guns; 9 - supercharger-separator; 10 - air compressor; 11 - water radiator; 12 - water cannon; 13 - heat exchanger; 14 - shock absorber; 15 - power point; 16 - additional wheels; 17 - transfer case; 18 - ammo rack; 19 - radio station; 20 - winch

BRDM-2I - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, proposed by the 45th experimental mechanical plant (Vinnitsa). The regular gasoline engine was replaced by a low-noise ISUZU diesel engine with a capacity of 156 hp. The water jet and anti-trench wheels were retained during the modernization. Additionally, an electronic system for centralized tire inflation of Ukrainian production was installed.

BRDM-2T - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed by NPK Techimpeks LLC (Kyiv).

BRDM-2 "VEPR" - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, proposed by the company "VEPR". Improved visibility by glazing the cockpit with armored glass. The bottom is armored. The side wheels have been removed. Instead, they installed full-profile doors for landing and landing. The armament has been strengthened. In addition to the standard armament, a stern machine gun was added, the machine gunner's place was equipped in place of the dismantled water jet propulsion unit. In the bow, the installation of a course automatic grenade launcher is provided. Lighting equipment has been modified for driving on public roads.

BRDM-2MB1 - Belarusian modernization of the BRDM-2, since 2011 it has been produced by OJSC 140 Repair Plant. Dismantled jet propulsion and additional wheels. Side landing hatches, a radio station R-173, a new diesel engine D245.30E2 with a capacity of 155 liters were installed. with., Adunok combat module and video surveillance system. Armed with a 12.7 mm NSVT machine gun. The crew has been increased to 7 people.

MBTS "Caiman" - Belarusian modernization of the BRDM-2. The prototype was presented in 2015 by OAO 140 Repair Plant. The regular body of the machine has undergone a radical alteration. The front of the hull is glazed with bulletproof glass. The side anti-trench wheels were dismantled, and landing doors were installed in their place. The bottom is V-shaped. Bridges, wheel gears and independent torsion bar suspension from the BTR-60. The regular engine was replaced by diesel D 245 with an electronic control system. Gearbox - mechanical five-speed. The car remained buoyant. For movement on water, a new engine with power take-offs was used to drive the propellers. The total weight of the machine is 7 tons. Highway speed - 110 km / h. Power reserve - 1000 km. Crew - 6 people.

ZKDM "Zubastik" - a modernized version developed in Azerbaijan. Equipped with enhanced mine protection, a new turret (in which a 23 mm double-barreled gun GSh-23, a 7.62 mm machine gun, a 30 mm AGS-30 automatic grenade launcher and four 81 mm smoke grenade launchers are installed - two on each side of the turret) , a new diesel engine D-245.30E2 with a capacity of 150 liters. With. Dismantled jet propulsion and additional wheels. Installed side landing hatches. One demonstration sample was developed in September 2013, in December 2013 it was sent for testing.

BRDM-2 is an upgrade option proposed by Delta Research and Development Center. Water jets and additional wheels were dismantled, a combat module (with a 23-mm 2A14 automatic cannon and a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun) and two four-barreled smoke grenade launchers were installed on the vehicle. One car was presented on May 24, 2014 at a military parade in Tbilisi in honor of Georgia's Independence Day.

BRDM-KZ is a modernized version developed in 2013-2014. Kazakh companies "Semey Engineering" and "Kazakhstan Aselsan Engineering". The track was expanded due to the installation of bridges from the BTR-80, an Iveco diesel engine was installed. In May 2014, one demonstration sample was presented at the KADEX-2014 exhibition.

BRDM-2M-96i is an upgraded version created in 1997 in Poland. The car is equipped with a four-cylinder diesel engine Iveco Aifo 8040, new brakes

BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal" - Polish modification of the BRDM-2

BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal" - a modification developed in 2003 in Poland. The car is equipped with a four-cylinder Iveco Aifo 8040SRC diesel engine, a new RRC-9500 radio station, air conditioning and lattice anti-cumulative screens. Instead of a 14.5 mm machine gun, a 12.7 mm WKM-B machine gun was installed in the turret.

BRDM-2M-97 "Żbik-B" - further upgrade of BRDM-2M-96i. Equipped with a four-cylinder Iveco Aifo 8040 SRC-21.11 diesel engine, new transmission and additional equipment.

Kurjak is a modernized version of Serbian production.

LOT-B - Czech upgraded version.

LOT-V - command version of LOT-B.

UMKA - Universal Mobile Camper-Amphibian or in the people - "BRDM-2 JUDGMENT DAY"

Vehicles based on the BRDM-2

9P19 - fighting machine ATGM "Eye"

9P124 - combat vehicle ATGM 2K8M "Falanga-M"

9P133 - combat vehicle ATGM 9K11P "Malyutka-P" (chassis GAZ-41-06).

9P137 - combat vehicle ATGM 2K8P "Falanga-P"

9P148 - combat vehicle ATGM 9K113 "Competition" (chassis GAZ-41-08).

BRDM-2RHB "Dolphin" - radiation and chemical reconnaissance vehicle, with automatic gas detector GSA-12, VPKhR, DP-5V meter, X-ray meter

DP-3B (chassis GAZ-41-05).

BRDM-2U - battalion commander's control vehicle. With additional radio station R-123. without turret

9A31 - combat vehicle SAM 9K31 "Strela-1" based on the BRDM-2

ZS-72B - medium power sound broadcasting station

ZS-82 - medium power sound broadcasting station

Alesya-1 - Belarusian emergency transport vehicle, crew of 8-10 people

ATM-1 - universal emergency transport vehicle

TM-1P - Russian floating transport vehicle

BI-1 - Russian armored cash-in-transit vehicle

PSM-8 - search and rescue vehicle

BRDM-2-120 - a Cuban 120-mm self-propelled mortar based on the BRDM-2 - the turret was removed, a Soviet-made 120-mm mortar was installed as a weapon (a total of 40-50 vehicles were produced for the Cuban army in two versions).

BRDM-2-120 - Cuban 120-mm self-propelled mortar based on the BRDM-2 - rear view

UDDS-BRDM - training stand

GAZ-41D - experimental, 1962-64 Landing, with BMP-1 turret. Crew - 2 people. YaMZ engine, diesel

BRDM-2D - upgrade variant (1999), with 195 hp engine. with., without additional rollers

BRDM-2M - modernization option (2001), with a YaMZ-3460 diesel engine with a capacity of 160 liters. With.

BRDM-2M - modernization option (JSC "Muromteplovoz", 2005), with a four-cylinder diesel engine YaMZ-E534.10 with a capacity of 160 liters. With. Without

additional wheels

BRDM-2M - upgrade option. With turret machine gun MA7 (12.7 mm "Kord"; 7.62 mm PKT)

Polish version of the short-range air defense system "ASRAD" on the chassis of the BRDM-2 and MANPADS "Grom"

The performance characteristics of the BRDM-2

Crew, people: 4
Landing, pers.: 10
Years of production: from 1963 to 1990
Number of issued, pcs.: more than 9400

Weight BRDM-2

Dimensions BRDM-2

Case length, mm: 5750
- Hull width, mm: 2350
- Height, mm: 2395
- Base, mm: 3100
- Track, mm: 1840 front; 1790 rear
- Clearance, mm: 330

Armor BRDM-2

Armor type: rolled steel
- Forehead of the hull (top), mm / city: 5
- Forehead of the hull (bottom), mm / city: 14
- Hull board, mm / city: 7
- Hull feed, mm / city: 7
- Bottom, mm: 2..3
- Hull roof, mm: 7
- Tower forehead, mm / city: 10
- Board of the tower, mm / city: 7
- Tower feed, mm / city: 7
- Tower roof, mm: 7

Armament BRDM-2

Firing range, km: 1..2 (KPVT); 1.5 (PKT)
- Sights: PP-61AM
- Machine guns: 1 x 14.5 mm KPVT; 1 x 7.62mm PKT

Engine BRDM-2

Engine type: GAZ-41
- Engine power, l. p.: 140

Speed ​​BRDM-2

Highway speed, km/h: 95..100
- Cross-country speed, km / h: 8..10 afloat

Homemade anti-cumulative and additional anti-bullet protection in the form of screens on the BRDM-2 of the Polish contingent in IRAQ

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Reconnaissance and observation of the enemy is a significant component of victory. This allows you to quickly assess the enemy's forces and plan your actions. Tactical reconnaissance actions are especially important, making it possible to identify hidden fortifications, patrols and ambushes of the enemy. Before starting an offensive, the command needs to know the location of enemy equipment and manpower, as well as the degree of enemy combat readiness.

For these purposes, a light wheeled armored vehicle BRDM-2 was created, which makes it possible to conduct operational reconnaissance in off-road conditions and is capable of combating enemy infantry. Although the design of the machine is more than 50 years old, it is still in service with the armies of a number of countries and is used in local armed conflicts.

History of creation

Armored cars BRDM (the abbreviation stands for Combat Reconnaissance and Patrol Vehicle) are the fruit of the creativity of the designers of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Because of this, the machines have a double designation, so to speak, factory and army. Factory, as expected, begins with the letters GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant), followed by the development number.

BRDM-2 is not the first armored car on GAZ. The authors of the project of the previous version of the BRDM-1 took part in the development of the new generation machine. Work experience helped in creating a successor that got rid of a number of weaknesses predecessor, and in the late spring of 1962, the vehicle under the designation BRDM-2 was officially approved for delivery to the combat units of the Soviet army.

The customer noted in the acceptance certificate a number of shortcomings of the machine, such as poor stability on slopes (due to narrow gauge), the absence of a tower (later corrected), cramped conditions for the crew.

However, these were only sea trials. The assembly of serial machines began in 1963. The car was mass-produced at two plants: GAZ (since 1963) and at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant (since 1982).

IN serial production there were two modifications that lasted on the assembly line until 1989. In total, about 9,500 BRDM-2 units were produced. The armored car is still produced in other countries, though under different designations.

The 90-horsepower lower-valve 6-cylinder GAZ-40 engine used on the predecessor was replaced by the GAZ-41 V-shaped "eight", which had a power of 140 forces. The hull became completely sealed, which gave the car the ability to overcome water obstacles without special preparation. A hydraulic-type power steering and a vacuum brake booster also appeared.

Armored corps and turret

The driver and commander are located in front of the vehicle, as well as the following equipment and equipment:

• governing bodies;
• two separate seats;
• control devices;
• walkie-talkie;
• periscopes for observation.

Armor protection consists of rolled steel sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm. The armor provides protection at some distance from rifle and machine gun bullets, as well as fragments of grenades and shells. Crew protection is relative: a heavy machine gun pierces frontal armor from a distance of 500 meters, and the sides - from 1200 meters.

The tower has the shape of a truncated cone, which rotates, in fact, on a radial-thrust bearing with a diameter of 1424 mm. Although the designers call it a ball shoulder strap. The tower is welded from sheets of armored steel with a slot for installing twins: KPVT and PKT.

fighting compartment

Warhead located in the middle of the car. It housed two crew members. A shoulder strap is installed on the roof to accommodate a gun with a turret.

Inside it is a suspended seat on which the shooter is placed, performing the functions of both the loader and the gunner.

On the floor under the folding hood (lid) there is a transfer gearbox and a niche for storing tools and spare parts.

Force branch

In the aft part of the hull there is a power compartment, separated from the warhead by a steel bulkhead 5 mm thick. It contains the engine, gearbox, battery, cooling system radiator, as well as various auxiliary equipment.

An engine with a cylinder capacity of 5.5 liters was installed on the BRDM-2. The motor is a derated modification of the GAZ-13 power unit, which was used on the legendary Chaika. The engine has a reduced compression ratio, allowing the use of A76 or A-80 gasoline grades.

It is possible to use high-octane A-92 fuel when adjusting the ignition timing. The average fuel consumption was about 30 liters per 100 km. Two tanks with a total volume of 280 liters provided an average cruising range of 750 km. On a flat surface, the car can accelerate to 100 km / h.

Armament

The first BRDM-2 did not provide for the installation of a tower. Instead, there were hatches for the KPVT machine gun (large-caliber machine gun designed by Vladimirov), which had a caliber of 14.5 mm and a mass of 52 kg. Sighting range firing was 2000 m. You can also fire at air targets from it.

Later, the BPU-1 tower was designed specifically for the BRDM-2 vehicles. It housed a twin installation of the previously mentioned KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT.

The tower could rotate 360 ​​degrees horizontally.

Elevation angles ranged from -5 to 30 degrees. The KPVT machine gun could penetrate the protection of any armored vehicle conditional enemy of that time, as well as field defenses located at a distance of 2 kilometers or closer.

Surveillance and communications

The commander of the vehicle observes the battlefield through the TPKU-2B periscopic binocular tank panorama, which has a 5x magnification with a field of view of 7.5 degrees. This helps to monitor up to 2.5 ... 3 kilometers, and for all 360 degrees.

At night, it was possible to install a night vision device TKN-1S. But its viewing range is only up to 300 meters. The commander also had 4 more fixed periscope devices: one TNPO-115 and three TPN-B. The devices have a single magnification, but as compensation they are equipped with automatic heating, which prevents frost and condensation on the glass at low temperatures.

The driver mechanic has 6 instruments, through which he conducted an overview of the front and right side parts. Also, at night, one of the devices for frontal viewing could be replaced with a TVNO-2B device, which provides a view of 30 degrees and a distance of 50 meters.

In the fighting compartment, the shooter, in addition to the sight for the machine gun, has a TNPT-1 periscope device, which is placed on the roof of the tower and allows you to monitor the rear of the vehicle in the 52-degree sector. The observer has three periscope devices in each side of the side of the hull.

Transmission

During the development of the BRDM-2 at the GAZ plant, serial production of the GAZ-66 Shishiga army off-road vehicle was already launched. To ensure unification, most of the nodes were borrowed from him.

The gearbox is mechanical 4-speed, equipped with reverse speed. There is a place on the box to accommodate the power take-off gearbox used to drive the winch. The winch is located in front of the armored vehicle.

All wheels of the armored personnel carrier have all-wheel drive through a 2-stage transfer gearbox. Bridges are equipped with self-locking differentials. It was also possible to turn off the front axle for less fuel consumption.

The wheels have an automatic pumping function, this is an absolute plus on the battlefield. It is also possible to adjust the pressure in each of the wheels. With this function, you can increase the patency of the machine on difficult sections of roads.

Chassis

The camber angle is about 0°45′. Tires 12.00-18” with central pressure regulation are suitable for installation, similar to tires, GAZ-66 and ZIL-157. In the suspension, in addition to leaf springs, telescopic shock absorbers are installed.

Also in the center of the machine body there are 4 auxiliary aircraft wheels measuring 750x250 mm. They help not to sit on the "belly" of the car when overcoming ditches and trenches up to 1.2 meters wide, thereby increasing the cross-country ability. The rubber of the wheels is very thick and if a fragment hits, it is unlikely to be pierced. There is no extra wheel drive.

Swimming

The big advantage of the BRDM-2 was the ability to overcome water obstacles. The armored vehicle is equipped hermetically sealed case. Before starting to move through the water, it is necessary to move the jet shutter and lower the wave deflector. On water, the car speeds up to 10 km / h. If the water jet fails, the machine will be able to reach the shore due to the rotation of the drive wheels.

To do this, you must turn on the engine in 3rd gear. BRDM-2 is able to move through the water in the opposite direction, since the propeller can rotate in the opposite direction. The machine is controlled using both wheels and a rudder on a water jet.

Combat use

BRDM-2 entered service with the army and navy of the USSR. Currently in parts and storage bases Russian army there are at least 2000 units of this equipment.

Thanks to wide deliveries, the machine is in service with:

• Libya (delivered about 250 units);
• Syria (deliveries amounted to 600 units);
• Algeria (110 cars);
• Angola, Afghanistan, Benin (12 armored vehicles each);
• Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary (4 units each).

As part of the Soviet army, the BRDM-2 for the first time took part in Operation Danube - the entry of troops into Czechoslovakia in 1968. The operation took place without significant losses from the USSR, since the 200,000-strong army of Czechoslovakia did not dare to fight back.

After 10 years, the BRDM-2 again had to take part in real hostilities, but already in Afghanistan. In heavy climatic conditions and high altitude conditions, the gasoline engine lost power, overheated and often stalled. There was also insufficient protection against heavy machine guns, and even more so shells.

A small angle of vertical aiming did not make it possible to fire on the mountain slopes, where the Mujahideen usually ambushed. In practice, the armor showed its insecurity from RPGs, which pierced the equipment through and through.

The enemy first immobilized the car, and then finished off with small arms.

The machine was also used during the first and second Chechen wars, and on both sides. As a result, three BRDM-2s were lost by the Russian Federation.
With foreign operators, she first took part in the "Doomsday War", which began on October 6, 1973.

On the very first day, the Egyptian special forces, with the help of the BRDM-2, on which they installed, managed to achieve some success in breaking through the Israeli defenses.

They also noted in the jungles of Vietnam, where cross-country ability came in handy. Quite widely used BRDM-2 in Angola. There they became popular because of their cheapness and reliability.

Modifications

Basically, modifications of the BRDM-2 are in service with the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish armies.

Name	A country manufacturer	Year	Main changes
Brdm-2LD	Ukraine	1999	Installed side doors for landing and diesel engine SMD-21-08
BRDM-2DI "Khazar"	Ukraine	2005	Side doors for landing, a new FPT IVECO Tector engine of Italian origin, and a new weapon system have also been installed.
MBTS "Cayman"	Belarus	2015	The front of the hull is glazed with armored glass. Bridges, gearboxes and other undercarriage were taken from the BTR-60. The engine was replaced by diesel D 245 with an electronic control system. The car managed to keep buoyancy.
BRDM-2M-96ik "Szakal"	Poland	2003	An IvecoAifo 8040SRC engine, a new RRC-9500 radio station and anti-cumulative grilles were installed. Instead of a 14.5 mm machine gun, a 12.7 mm WKM-B machine gun was installed.

Decommissioned armored vehicles without weapons and special equipment can be purchased at auctions. The cost will vary from 500 to 1.5 million rubles, depending on the condition.

On the basis of the BRDM-2, craftsmen created the U.M.K.A. (Universal Mobile Camper Amphibian), in the common people doomsday machine. True, you will have to pay for it not a small amount, which starts from 7 million rubles.

Video

In our article, we learned the history of the creation of the BRDM-2. Now we will supplement our story with technical details of the design of this combat vehicle.

The location of the power compartment of the BRDM-2 corresponded to the rear layout. It housed equipment for setting the machine in motion, both on land and on water.

As for the armament of this armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle, it was represented by the BPU-1 installation, equipped with twin machine guns 14.5 mm KPVT and 7.62 mm PKT. It was mounted in a rotating conical tower. Guidance in this design was possible within 180 ° using a mechanized drive, and in the vertical plane from -5 ° to + 30 ° it was carried out using a screw mechanism.

The machine guns were aimed at the target using the PP-61 or PP-61AM periscope, which ensured a confident defeat of targets when firing from the KPVT at a range of 2,000 meters, and from the PKT up to 1,500 meters.

The KPVT ammunition load consists of 500 rounds placed in 10 belts. Some of them have B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets, as well as, if necessary: ​​armor-piercing incendiary bullets with a tungsten carbide core, BS-41 bullets and tracer charges. In addition, the PKT armored car, which is also in service, has a combat set of 2000 rounds of ammunition located in 8 tapes.

The crew of the BRDM-2 is designed for four people providing vehicle control and firing. These are the commander and driver located in the control department, which were located in it on the left and right. The shooter was in the tower, and the observer was located in the fighting compartment on the port or starboard side in the fighting compartment.

The driver used the TVNO-2B night vision device at night, while the BRDM-2 commander could use the TKN-1S thermal imager. The crew's standard means of communication was the R-123 radio station.

The power reserve of the "workhorse" of the army was 750 km. She was armed with an eight-cylinder engine under the GAZ-41V-8 brand, which could produce 140 horsepower. The power unit used a combined lubrication system in its work, and a gear-type oil pump was also used in it. Two fuel tanks could carry 280 liters of fuel.

BRDM-2 had all driving wheels, while its undercarriage had a 4x4 wheel arrangement. Four wheels according to this formula were driving, and two pneumatically driven wheels were located in the middle part of the hull on the sides. They were used to overcome trenches up to 1.2 m wide.

BRDM-2 is produced and is still used in various modifications, sometimes very significantly different from the prototype. So, in addition to the Russian army, it is in service in Algeria, Kazakhstan, the USA and in 79 other states.

Specifications BRDM-2:

Classification	combat reconnaissance vehicle / armored car
combat weight,	t 7.0
Crew, pers.	4
Story
Manufacturer	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Years of production	from 1963 to 1989
Number of issued, pcs.	over 9400
Dimensions
Case length, mm	5750
Hull width, mm	2350
Height, mm	2395
Base, mm	3100
Track, mm	1840-front/1790-rear
Clearance, mm	330
Booking
armor type	steel rolled
Forehead of the hull (top), mm/deg.	5
Forehead of the hull (bottom), mm/deg.	14
Hull board, mm/deg.	7
Hull feed, mm/deg.	7
Bottom, mm	2..3
Hull roof, mm	7
Tower forehead, mm/deg.	10
Turret board, mm/deg.	7
Tower feed, mm/deg.	7
Tower roof, mm	7
Armament
Angles VN, deg.	-5..+30
GN angles, deg.	360
Firing range, km	1..2 (KPVT) / 1.5 (PKT)
sights	PP-61AM
machine guns	1 x 14.5mm KPVT/1 x 7.62mm PKT
Mobility
engine's type	GAZ-41
Engine power, l. With.	140
Highway speed, km/h	95..100
Cross-country speed, km/h	8..10 afloat
Range on the highway, km	up to 750
Specific power, l. s./t	20,0
Wheel formula	4-4 (8-8)
suspension type	on semi-elliptic springs
Specific ground pressure, kg/cm^2	0,5..2,7
Climbability, deg.	30
Passable wall, m	0,4
Crossable ditch, m	1,22
Crossable ford, m	floats

ARMORED SCOUTING AND PATROL VEHICLE BRDM-2 (GAZ-41)
ARMORED RECONNAISSANCE AND PATROL VEHICLE BRDM-2 (GAZ-41)

06.01.2016


On January 3, the leadership of the Nikolaev Armored Plant announced with pomp that for the New Year and Christmas holidays, the enterprise was giving 50 combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicles to the ATO fighters.
The order of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense was fulfilled one month ahead of schedule.
The equipment is not new - it has stood in the storage facilities of the Ministry of Defense for many years, so almost all the mechanisms are out of order. Employees of the plant installed new engines on the cars, completely redesigned the hull, added air conditioners and navigators.
However, the deputy of the Nikolaev Regional Council Oleg Mudrak found out that 35 BRDMs are intended for sale in the UAE. Mudrak wrote about this on his Facebook page.
“For 2 months, no 50 BRDMs for the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been repaired. Informed people said that: 1) 12 units of the BRDM-2 were supposed to be handed over to the Armed Forces of Ukraine by December 1, but they were not “born”, therefore, maybe for days and, as usual, with a decent lag and penalties; 2) 35 BRDM-2s are being repaired for a customer in the UAE, apparently a middleman who operates in the troubled markets of the Middle East. It is on these BRDMs that navigators and air conditioners are installed, as you yourself understand, our MO does not order such “bells and whistles”. Plus, Michelin tires, and not the usual Rossava, which is installed for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. 20 out of 35 pieces, let's call it this way - "for the Arabs" - have been made, but no one has sent them anywhere yet. I repeat once again - the customer is from the UAE, and not at all from the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which, it seems to me, will soon bypass the “workshops” by the tenth road, ”says MP Oleg Mudrak.
PolitNavigator

More than half a century ago, the armored reconnaissance and patrol vehicle BRDM-2 entered service with the Soviet Army. Such equipment was mass-produced for a long time, more than 9 thousand units were built; it was delivered to more than 60 countries of the world. However, to date, the BRDM-2 is obsolete. For reasons of economy, different countries they are not in a hurry to replace such equipment with a new one, but they carry out its modernization in one way or another.

BRDM-2M in the version of the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant. Photo Vitalykuzmin.net

Problem sample

Serial BRDM-2 has become obsolete both morally and physically. The latter problem can be solved by timely overhaul, but the issue of non-compliance with modern requirements is more difficult. In this context, replacement of aggregates, restructuring, etc. is required.

In fact, the BRDM-2 in its original form does not meet the current requirements for armored vehicles for armies. The vehicle has weak bulletproof armor, and standard armament consists only of machine guns, which limits the range of tasks to be solved. The power plant and transmission are built on obsolete components and make it difficult to operate. There are also complaints about the ergonomics of the habitable compartment.

In recent decades, projects for the modernization of the BRDM-2 have been repeatedly proposed in Russia and abroad with the improvement of various qualities and performance. These projects included the processing of all the main elements of the machine, from engine compartment and undercarriage to the hull and armament. Consider the main ways to improve technology.

Case completion

Claims to the original body of the BRDM-2 are associated with insufficient protection and crew comfort. The problem of security is solved both with the help of additional booking, and due to a complete restructuring of the hull. Various project developers have used both of these approaches.

Modernization option with overhead armor. Photo vpk-news.ru

Not so long ago, it became known about a new Russian modernization project, which, among other things, involves the use of overlay panels for additional armor. With the help of new parts, the frontal projection is covered, as well as part of the side elements of the hull. After such an update, the BRDM-2 can withstand not only small-caliber automatic bullets and fragments.

However, it is also possible to modify the case. Thus, the Belarusian project "Caiman" provides for a radical reworking of the entire hull, after which it takes on new forms. The result of this was an increase in the area of ​​​​the windshield and the emergence of a full-fledged anti-mine protection of the bottom. A similar approach is used in the Ukrainian project BRDM-NIK. In this case, the angular forehead of the hull was covered with a solid inclined part, and additional armor was also used. The Azerbaijani project ZDKM provides for both the restructuring of the forehead and the renewal of the bottom.

Initially, the BRDM-2 could only be entered through the upper hatches. Many modernization projects provide for the installation of additional side doors. To install the side hatches, you have to remove additional side wheels with a lifting mechanism. The BRDM-2M (A) project from the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant proposed the installation of hatches from the BTR-70. The already mentioned Cayman received full-size doors with small glazing. Other modernization projects use doors and hatches of various sizes and shapes.

Due to the processing of the hull and the removal of "extra" units, it is possible to increase the available volume, as a result of which the BRDM-2 becomes an armored personnel carrier. So, "Caiman" accommodates six people, and in the Ukrainian "Gecko" it was possible to accommodate nine, including the crew. However, most modernization projects assume the preservation of the original role of a reconnaissance and patrol vehicle with the minimum necessary crew.

Azerbaijani version of modernization - ZKDM. Photo bmpd.livejournal.com

Engine and mobility

The regular GAZ-41 engine (140 hp) and the mechanical transmission met the original requirements, but are now outdated. In this regard, almost all modern projects for the modernization of the BRDM-2 provide for the replacement of the engine and the restructuring of the transmission.

The Arzamas project proposed the use of a D-245.9 diesel engine with a power of 135 hp. In the Ukrainian project BRDM-2LD, an SMD-21-08 engine of comparable power was used, and a 150-horsepower FPT IVECO Tector was installed on the BRDM-NIK. The Caiman is equipped with a Minsk-made D-245 diesel engine. Transmissions in different projects are being finalized or replaced by systems of similar architecture.

All upgrades of the BRDM-2, involving the replacement of the engine, have a common feature. They use a power plant that meets the basic requirements and is available to the project developer. To a certain extent, such modernization is facilitated by a significant volume of the engine compartment. In addition, in some cases, the transmission is simplified - if additional side wheels are eliminated.

BRDM-2 immediately received a chassis with longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, supplemented by hydraulic shock absorbers. Under the sides of the hull there were two pairs of additional lowered wheels to overcome obstacles. A jet propulsion was mounted in the stern.

Prototype BKM "Gecko" Ukrainian development. Photo by Wikimedia Commons

The installation of side hatches requires the dismantling of additional wheels, which provides for a number of modernization projects. Also in several projects, a change in the suspension is proposed. Thus, the Cayman receives units from the BTR-60, and the BRDM-2M (A) is equipped with units from the BTR-80. At the same time, both cars receive torsion bars and hydraulic shock absorbers, which provide certain advantages.

In most cases, the upgraded BRDM-2 retains the water cannon, but there are other examples. Thus, the Azerbaijani ZKDM project was developed taking into account the requirements of its army, as a result of which the machine lost its water cannon. The freed volume was used to optimize the layout of the engine compartment and to install the air conditioner. Several projects proposed replacing the standard water cannon with similar devices of a different design.

Firepower

The regular turret machine gun mount with KPVT and PKT products provides high firepower. However, options for upgrading the weapons complex are often offered, including the transition to a modular equipment principle.

Perhaps the most interesting option armament is used on the ZKDM machine. Azerbaijani engineers chose a 23mm GSh-23 cannon, a 30mm automatic grenade launcher, a 7.62mm machine gun, and an unguided rocket launcher. Everything is mounted on a modified BPU dome.

Ukrainian car BRDM-NIK. Photo by Wikimedia Commons

Some projects provide for the preservation of the tower with the installation of a launcher for anti-tank missiles. Depending on the available means and resources, the developers use new types of heavy machine guns. Thus, a number of Ukrainian projects provide for the replacement of the 14.5-mm KPVT with a less powerful NSV.

There is a theoretical possibility of organizing a seat for combat modules of finished models, but it is used only in individual projects. At the same time, developers often point to the possibility of replacing the weapon system at the request of the customer.

BRDM-2 was used as a base for equipment for various purposes with one or another equipment. Its upgraded versions may retain such capabilities. Such equipment can be a carrier of anti-tank systems, communications equipment, special equipment, etc. However, prototypes with weapons for solving fire missions often appear at exhibitions, and the number of prototypes with special equipment is small.

The future of the platform

Now fifty countries are armed with several thousand BRDM-2s and vehicles based on them. All this equipment continues to serve, but may not fully suit the operator. In this regard, almost all armies need one or another update of obsolete vehicles, which allows them to be kept in service in the future.

Communication machine "Cayman-KAS" of the Belarusian development. Photo by Wikimedia Commons

In this regard, a certain market is being formed for developers of projects for the modernization of obsolete equipment. This is the reason for the emergence of a significant number of such projects in last years. However, only a few developments of this kind give the desired results. Only a few projects have been launched into the series, while others have not progressed beyond the demonstration of prototypes at exhibitions.

Proper modernization of the BRDM-2 allows not only to extend the service life, but also to reduce the backlog of the machine from modern requirements. After a major overhaul and restructuring, an armored vehicle capable of solving tasks in modern conditions with less risk. For all its advantages, modern BRDM-2 modernization projects have disadvantages associated with the limitations of the base platform. Designers have to choose between high performance and ease of updating technology, as well as take into account the needs and capabilities of potential customers.

However, the BRDM-2 has already shown itself to be a successful platform for accommodating various weapons and equipment. In addition, this machine turns out to be a good base for various upgrades, including deep ones. There is every reason to believe that in the future we will see new options for upgrading the BRDM-2. They will be developed as long as such equipment remains in operation.