Could it be due to cervicitis? A detailed explanation of cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix): what it is, causes, symptoms and signs, treatment

Inflammation of the cervix is ​​a well-known gynecological problem. Most often, cervicitis is detected in women of childbearing age, but sometimes such a diagnosis is made on the eve and even during menopause. The complexity of the disease is that it contributes to the appearance of various pathologies of the reproductive sphere, and during pregnancy it threatens to interrupt or intrauterine infection of the child.

In the body of a healthy woman, the cervix acts as a filter that protects the genitals from the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The mucosa of its canal contains special bactericidal enzymes that can neutralize most pathogens. A narrow channel prevents mechanical penetration.

However, when adverse factors the function of the vaginal part of the cervix and the cervical canal is impaired. This part of the body remains defenseless against infection and is the first to take a hit. Its tissues are affected by an acute inflammatory process - cervicitis, which can last up to one and a half months, and then turn into a chronic form.

Depending on which part of the organ suffers - internal or external, the disease is divided into endocervicitis and exocervicitis, respectively.

The reasons that cause female body such an ailment may have a different nature. Most often, doctors distinguish the following situations.

Infectious diseases

The most common provocateurs of cervicitis are pathogens, for the vital activity of which the cervix is ​​a favorable environment. They can enter this area in the following ways:

• with unprotected sexual contact;
• through the blood;
• by contact, for example, from the intestines if the rules of intimate hygiene are not observed.

When treating cervicitis, gynecologists have to deal with:

• cocci;
• coli;
• chlamydia;
• plasmas;
• Trichomonas;
• viral microorganisms (herpes, HPV, CMV and others);
• fungi (candida and the like).

Often cervicitis is a secondary disease, that is, it occurs as a result of an inflammatory process in adjacent structures, as well as in other parts of the genital organs (for example, with colpitis, adnexitis).

Mechanical damage

Another cause of inflammation in the area of ​​the cervix is ​​trauma. A hastily placed contraceptive (cap or ring) or too deep insertion of a hygienic tampon can damage the delicate mucosa and make it vulnerable to any bacteria. The same can be observed after the installation of an intrauterine device and after injuries during childbirth.

Mechanical damage can be obtained after artificial termination of pregnancy. Even if you drop Negative consequences procedures for reproductive function and psychological state, the technique of its implementation in itself remains very traumatic. Therefore, even under sterile conditions, the body is not protected from complications, among which cervicitis is often found.

It is also possible to damage the mucous membrane of the vaginal part of the cervix when douching with potent solutions. Concentrated liquids can not only leave a burn, but also “wash out” all the beneficial microflora that protects against infections.

A special predisposition to cervicitis is in women with allergies. Poorly selected lubricant, spermicidal lubricant or contraceptive (barrier) material can cause an inflammatory process after intercourse, even if the partner is not a carrier of the infection.

Other factors

An additional risk of getting cervicitis is in girls who have begun to lead an active sex life before reaching adulthood. The fact is that the microflora of young women is not yet able to adequately respond to the changes taking place.

Therefore, any interventions quickly lead it into imbalance and disrupt the maturation process. This makes the genitals open to infections, which are more intense than in older women.

Vulnerable to cervicitis are women during menopause. Due to the decrease in estrogen production, the entire reproductive system suffers. The mucous membranes of the reproductive organs become more vulnerable, the epithelium becomes thinner, so the defenses weaken.

Symptoms of the disease

The insidiousness of cervicitis is that by itself it proceeds without noticeable symptoms. Assume that something is going wrong, a woman can by the "unusual" lack of orgasm, pain during intimacy and spotting after it, not associated with menstruation. However, this situation is rare.

Basically, cervicitis becomes a companion of another disease that provokes the same pathogen. That is, it is not inflammation of the cervix or its canal that manifests itself, but another pathology, for example, colpitis or adnexitis.

Complaints are varied and may include:

• pain in the lower abdomen, may radiate to the lower back;
• cramps when urinating;
• frequent "unreasonable" urge to go to the toilet;
• unpleasant smell of intimate parts of the body;
• unusual discharge (cloudy, cheesy, frothy, and so on);
• irritation or itching in the genital area.

Symptoms of vaginitis and cervicitis caused by different microbes

If treatment is not started during the acute period of cervicitis, it becomes chronic. At this stage, the disease affects the internal tissues of the organ, changing their structure. Occurs, adnexitis and other forms of the inflammatory process. It happens almost without symptoms.

Diagnostic methods

It is possible to identify the disease only when viewed on a gynecological chair. Since acute cervicitis does not give itself away much, it is most often possible to detect it by accident. Visually, inflammation confirms the swelling of the surface of the vaginal part of the cervix, which bleeds when touched. Often ulcerations are visible on it. The cervical canal can also be filled with ichor or other biological fluid, which in the normal state should not be there.

In fact, one gynecological examination in the mirrors is enough for the doctor to diagnose cervicitis. Much more difficulties arise when establishing the cause of this disease. The exception is sexually transmitted infections that have a specific pathogen and clear symptoms.

To select the correct treatment tactics, the gynecologist prescribes special manipulations and tests. Most often, the list of diagnostic procedures looks like this:

During the examination, the specialist may take a small piece of inflamed tissue for further study - a biopsy is performed.

• Cytological study. These are smears for oncocytology. Cells are taken from the cervical canal and the vaginal part of the cervix, after which they are studied under magnification. This makes it possible to assess the risk of oncological processes, the severity of inflammation.
• Bakposev. He will determine the causative agent of the disease (if it is a bacterium) and the groups of drugs with which it can be eliminated.
• PCR study(polymerase chain reaction). It allows you to detect viruses and pathogens of sexually transmitted infections.
• . With its help, the doctor will get an idea of ​​the composition of the microflora of the vagina.

Treatment of acute cervicitis

After receiving the results of all tests, the doctor determines the necessary therapy. In a situation where an infection has become the cause of cervicitis, the main efforts are aimed at sanitizing the cervix and its canal in order to prevent the spread of the inflammatory process to other parts of the genital organs, and if the woman is "in position" - to her baby. Depending on the pathogen, you will have to be treated:

• (pregnant women are mainly prescribed Erythromycin or Ceftriaxone);
• antiviral agents containing acyclovir or other substances;
• drugs that suppress fungi (in the form of suppositories or vaginal tablets).

Vaginal suppositories in the treatment of cervicitis

In addition, it is additionally necessary to correct the composition of the microflora in order to prevent the recurrence of cervicitis. To do this, the doctor prescribes medications or dietary supplements containing the necessary strains of lactobacilli.

The process of treating cervicitis in women during menopause includes the use of hormonal agents. Regardless of the form (tablets or cream), they must be used regularly and in accordance with the scheme determined by the gynecologist.

After the end of taking all the medicines, you need to visit the gynecologist again and pass control tests. If conservative methods of dealing with acute cervicitis are ineffective, the inflamed cervical tissue will have to be removed. For this, cryotherapy, electrocoagulation or cauterization with a laser is prescribed. Radio wave treatment of cervicitis with the Surgitron apparatus

Simultaneously with a woman, the sexual partner also needs to sanitize their genitals. This is important because the pathogen can circulate from one organism to another, preventing drugs from performing their function well. In general, it is better to give up sexual relations for the duration of treatment.

If not treated

Any disease of the genital organs should not be ignored. A frivolous attitude to acute cervicitis can lead to a change in the cervix and the appearance of erosions on it. This will become a serious obstacle if a woman wants to become a mother, or even deprive her of such an opportunity.

This condition is especially dangerous if the lady is already “in position”. Cervicitis opens up the infection to the child, even in a situation where the disease was caused by another cause. If left untreated, the result can be very tragic.

About the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cervix, see this video:

Prevention

The main way to protect against cervicitis is the care of every woman about her health. Since infection is often the cause of this ailment, it is important to avoid the factors that lead to its acquisition. Ideally before the start intimate relationships a man and a woman should check if they are carriers of a disease that can be transmitted to a partner.

But such awareness is rare. Therefore, in order to protect yourself from cervicitis and other problems, it is important:

• not have casual sex;
• insist on the correct use of a condom (before sexual intercourse);
• strengthen immunity;
• completely cure all diseases (especially infectious ones);
• monitor intimate hygiene;
• visit a gynecologist regularly.

Whatever life situation the woman did not encounter cervicitis, it is important to understand that successful disposal of this disease is possible only under the supervision of a doctor. With strict adherence to his recommendations, the prognosis in most cases is positive. But from using folk methods for the treatment of inflammation of the cervix, it is better to refuse, they will not have a therapeutic effect to the desired degree or, even worse, aggravate the disease.

Useful video

For prevention and treatment options for gynecological diseases, see this video:

Most women face inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. The structural features of the female reproductive system are such that the infection quickly spreads from the vagina to the internal genital organs. Cervicitis turns into inflammation of the endometrium and ovaries. Often the consequences are pregnancy complications or even infertility. Chronic inflammation causes precancerous disease. It is important to strengthen the immune system, use contraception wisely, and be regularly examined by a doctor in order to protect yourself from such dangers.

The epithelium of the cervical canal (endocervix), which connects the uterine cavity with the vagina, differs in structure from the epithelium lining that part of the cervix that is located directly in the vagina (exocervix). Depending on in which part of the cervix inflammation occurs, there are, respectively, endocervicitis and exocervicitis.

The age of women who have cervical cervicitis is found in 70% of cases is 20-40 years, and only 30% of women are those who have menopause.

The disease must be treated without fail, since when it becomes chronic, the walls of the uterus thicken and the lumen of the cervical canal narrows. This can lead to infertility. The spread of inflammation in the tubes and ovaries also leads to the impossibility of conception, the occurrence ectopic pregnancy, hormonal disorders.

The danger of cervicitis in pregnant women

Cervicitis is associated with the destruction of the mucous plug that protects the uterus from infection from the vagina. The likelihood of the disease and the transition of the inflammatory process into a chronic form increases due to the inevitable decrease in immunity during this period (this prevents fetal rejection).

In the presence of cervicitis in pregnant women, the risk of complications such as miscarriage and premature birth increases. Possible infection of the fetus, which leads to abnormal development, the appearance of deformities, intrauterine death, death of the newborn in the first months of life.

Cervicitis is a major threat early dates pregnancy, when organs and systems are formed in the fetus. Most often, a woman has a miscarriage. If acute cervicitis occurs in the middle or end of pregnancy, the child may develop hydrocephalus, kidney disease and other organs. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a woman should be cured of cervicitis in advance, strengthen her immune system. Treatment is mandatory, as the risk of complications is very high.

Video: Danger of genital infections during pregnancy

Causes of cervicitis

The inflammatory process in the cervix may be of an infectious nature or occur for reasons not related to the penetration of microbes and viruses.

Infectious causes of infection

The cervix separates the sterile uterine cavity from the vagina, the microflora of which normally contains beneficial lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms. Beneficial lactic acid bacteria create a healthy environment that prevents the reproduction of pathogens. The causes of cervicitis of infectious origin are:

1. Reproduction of opportunistic bacteria. Opportunistic pathogens are microorganisms that are always present in the intestines and urogenital organs of a person in small quantities, without causing harm. But under certain conditions, they begin to multiply uncontrollably, which leads to disease. These include, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, fungi, gardnerella. They cause inflammation of the vulva and vagina, spreading to the cervix. The infection can enter the vagina directly from the rectum and urinary organs.
2. Infection with human papillomaviruses and genital herpes.
3. Infection with sexual infections (Trichomonas, pathogens of gonorrhea, mycoplasmas, chlamydia and others).

Non-infectious causes of cervicitis

These reasons include:

• prolapse of the cervix and vagina;
• cervical injuries (ruptures during childbirth or during abortions, as well as damage during curettage and cauterization, causing scarring);
• non-compliance with hygiene rules, use of unsuitable hygiene products;
• frequent douching with solutions that cause overdrying of the mucosa and disruption of microflora;
• changes in the composition of the mucosa when using hormonal replacement therapy drugs or contraceptives;
• pseudo-erosion of the cervix, that is, the movement of cells of the cylindrical epithelium of the cervical canal into the area of ​​the squamous epithelium of the vaginal part of the cervix. This happens during abortion, childbirth or surgery.

Contributes to the occurrence of inflammation of the cervix, reduced immunity, the presence of tumor diseases, uncontrolled use of antibiotics.

Video: Diagnosis and treatment of cervicitis

Types and forms of cervicitis

There are different types of cervical cervicitis.

Purulent cervicitis. Sources of inflammation are gonococci, ureaplasmas, trachoma sticks. The infection is sexually transmitted, affects the mucous membrane of the cervical canal (cylindrical epithelium). If there is a displacement of cylindrical cells into the area of ​​​​squamous epithelium (ectopia of the cervix appears), then the purulent process also spreads to the displaced areas. The process can also affect the stroma, which separates the mucosa from the muscles. The infection enters other organs of the small pelvis and becomes the cause of their inflammation.

Viral cervicitis. Inflammation is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) or the causative agent of genital herpes (specific infections). Papillomas or herpes can occur both inside the cervical canal and on the vaginal surface of the cervix. characteristic feature is severe itching in the neck and pain in the lower abdomen. Most often, this type of cervicitis occurs in women of childbearing age who are sexually active.

bacterial cervicitis. The process of inflammation extends to all parts of the mucous membrane of the cervix: both internal and its vaginal segment. The reason is bacterial vaginosis, that is, the development of opportunistic bacteria in the vagina due to a lack of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the microflora. With this disease, there is no danger of infection of the sexual partner. However, if a sexual infection also enters the vagina, the disease becomes purulent.

Atrophic cervicitis. This is the name of a type of disease in which there is a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membranes of the cervix (atrophy). The causes of such a process can be both specific (gonococcus, Trichomonas, herpes virus and HPV), and non-specific infections (staphylococci, streptococci).

In addition, this type of cervicitis occurs due to traumatic lesions of the mucosa during an abortion or curettage.

Cystic cervicitis. There is inflammation of the glands located in the cylindrical epithelium, an increase in its volume, the formation of many cysts in the mucosa and damage to its surface. This type is an advanced stage of the disease, in which there is a combination various kinds infections.

The disease often proceeds in an acute form with pronounced symptoms. If left untreated, the inflammation becomes chronic, passes to the glands and affects the mucosa in depth. However, treatment is hampered by the fact that external signs diseases are smoothed out, it is more difficult to diagnose cervicitis. Often it can only be found on late stage when inflammation passes to the uterine appendages.

Symptoms and signs of cervicitis

In some cases, even acute cervicitis is difficult to notice, as it occurs without pain or other obvious symptoms. However, in severe form, acute inflammation can cause a profuse, purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. Arise drawing pains in the lower part of the abdomen, in the lower back. There are discharges with blood impurities, especially after intercourse, which also becomes painful. Itching is felt in the genitals. An increase in body temperature, nausea and dizziness are possible. There is frequent painful urination.

Signs of the disease in the acute stage are swelling and redness of the mucosa on the surface of the vaginal segment of the cervix. Examination reveals a protrusion of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal into the outer region. It has small hemorrhages and sores.

With the transition of the disease into a chronic form, the discharge becomes less abundant, since the production of mucus by the glands of the cervical canal is disrupted. Muddy discharge contains impurities of blood. The woman feels a constant aching pain in the lower back.

The degree of manifestation of the disease depends on the type of infection. When infected with gonococci, the manifestations, for example, are stronger than with chlamydia. If the occurrence of cervicitis is associated with the herpes virus, then on the mucosa there are separate sores, loose areas of bright red color.

In the presence of chronic cervicitis, mucosal edema decreases. It is possible to move the outer epithelium of the cervix into the cervical canal. The color of the mucosa is bright pink. Cysts and vesicles containing lymph and blood are found. Inflammation spreads to neighboring tissues.

Diagnosis of cervicitis

Since there may be no obvious symptoms of cervical cervicitis, for the timely detection and diagnosis of this disease great importance has regular visits to the doctor for preventive purposes.

The following methods are used for examination:

1. Examination of the cervix with the help of mirrors. At the same time, a change in the color of the vaginal segment of the cervix, the presence of purulent plaque, hemorrhages, ulcers, and the appearance of edema are noticed.
2. Analyzes of a smear from the cervix for examination under a microscope and the detection of infectious agents in it.
3. Bacteriological culture of the contents of the smear, which allows you to determine the type of microbes and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.
4. PCR and ELISA. These methods of smear examination can determine the presence of pathogens of specific infections and estimate their number.
5. Colposcopy. Through optical magnification and illumination of the vagina and cervical canal with the help of a colposcope, the condition of the mucous membranes is studied.
6. Laboratory analysis of a smear for the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes allows you to assess the degree of inflammation of a non-infectious nature.

In the chronic stage of cervicitis, destroyed epithelial cells are found in the smear. Additionally, general blood and smear tests for leukocytes, as well as an HIV test, are carried out.

Video: In what cases are different smear tests used

Treatment of cervicitis

Treatment of cervicitis is to eliminate the causes of the disease, fight inflammation and strengthen the body's defenses.

Antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs are used to destroy pathogens. When a papilloma virus is detected in a woman's body, special attention is paid to treatment, since damage to the genital organs with an increased probability can lead to the formation of malignant tumors. First of all, immunomodulating drugs (interferon, cycloferon, immunal) are prescribed.

Vaccines, tablets and ointments are used to clear the mucosa from papillomas. However, there is a risk of recurrence, so a woman is recommended to undergo regular gynecological examinations.

Often, papillomas can only be removed surgically. Such treatment is often used to eliminate chronic cervicitis of any nature. Methods such as laser destruction, cryotherapy, chemical cauterization, electrical destruction, radio wave coagulation are used.

Sometimes the treatment of cervicitis requires the simultaneous elimination of urological diseases.

Note: If the cause of inflammation of the mucosa is sexual infections, then the woman's sexual partner should be treated at the same time.

In order to accelerate the recovery of the mucosa and improve hormonal background, estrogen and progesterone preparations are used.

After the inflammation is eliminated, agents containing beneficial bacteria are prescribed that are necessary to maintain the normal composition of the vaginal microflora. Candles are used lactobacterin, kipferon, as well as gynoflor vaginal tablets.

Video: Diseases of the cervix in the presence of the human papillomavirus. Methods of treatment of the cervix

Prevention of cervicitis

The most important preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of cervicitis are proper hygienic care of the external genital organs, the use of condoms during sexual intercourse. Properly selected contraceptives help to avoid abortions, possible injury to the cervix and infection. It is necessary to treat intestinal and urological diseases in time.

Cervicitis (syn. endocervicitis) is an inflammation of the canal. For obvious reasons, only women suffer from cervicitis.

What causes the development of cervicitis?

The main cause of the development of cervicitis (endocervicitis) are various sexually transmitted infections. Most often, cervicitis is provoked by gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, human papillomavirus, herpes virus.

Due to the fact that the above infections are rarely limited only to the cervix and, as a rule, spread to other organs, cervicitis is often not a separate disease, but only one of many manifestations of a sexual infection. In particular, simultaneously with cervicitis in a woman, signs of urethritis, colpitis (vaginitis), endometritis, and salpingo-oophoritis can be detected.

Rarely, cervicitis can be caused by an allergy to spermicides, lactex condoms, or intimate hygiene products.

From medical literature or at a doctor's appointment, you can learn such terms related to cervicitis as:

Acute cervicitis means that the infection appeared relatively recently and is actively developing.

Chronic cervicitis means that the infection that provoked it most likely entered the body a long time ago and is currently developing slowly, gradually destroying the tissues of the cervix.

Purulent cervicitis- means that pus forms against the background of a woman. Purulent cervicitis especially often occurs against the background of gonorrhea.

Viral cervicitis- means that the causative agent of the disease is a sexually transmitted virus (most often HPV or herpes).

Bacterial cervicitis- means that the cause of cervicitis is a bacterial infection (most often, gonorrhea, bacterial vaginosis).

Candida cervicitis- means that it occurred against the background of a fungal infection B8%D1%86%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B 3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%83-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%87%D1%82%D0 %. B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)

Nonspecific cervicitis- means that inflammation of the cervix arose as a result of a change in the normal microflora of the vagina, but has no connection with sexual infections. Nonspecific cervicitis especially often occurs as a consequence of bacterial vaginosis.

Atrophic cervicitis- means that simultaneously with inflammation in a woman, there is a thinning of the tissues of the cervix. Usually, atrophic cervicitis is the result of chronic inflammation of the cervix.

Focal cervicitis- means that only certain parts of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal are inflamed.

Why is cervicitis dangerous? Possible consequences and complications

In the absence of adequate treatment of cervicitis and other manifestations of infection accompanying it, it greatly increases the risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, premature birth and miscarriage.

Symptoms and signs of cervicitis

The main symptoms of acute cervicitis (endocervicitis) are:

• foul-smelling, purulent, frothy discharge from their vagina B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0 %D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0 %BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83);
• itching in the genital area;
• pain in the lower abdomen 0%BD-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D 1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0% BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D 1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8)
• pain during urination and frequent urge to urinate;
• pain during sex and spotting from the vagina after sex %BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0-%D1%8 3-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D 0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5);
• dark spotting vaginal discharge between two periods %D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0% BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%BC%D0%B5% BA %D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3).

Chronic cervicitis most often does not show any symptoms.

Can there be cervicitis if there are no symptoms?

Yes, this is possible. Quite often, genital infections, against which cervicitis develops, occur in a chronic form, completely asymptomatic and long time remain unnoticed. In such cases, chronic cervicitis may be discovered during a routine gynecological examination or during an examination for some other problem.

The effect of cervicitis on pregnancy

The presence increases the risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus (an infection that provoked inflammation of the cervix).

In addition, against the background of cervicitis, the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight of the child, and infectious complications in the mother (for example, endometritis) after childbirth is significantly increased.

Treatment of cervicitis during pregnancy is selected depending on the type of infection that provoked it. You can find detailed recommendations for treating infections during pregnancy in the Pregnancy section.

Tests and examinations to detect cervicitis

The main methods for diagnosing cervicitis are:

Examination by a gynecologist. During the examination, the doctor assesses the condition of the walls of the vagina and cervix. Heavy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, redness and irritation of the vagina and cervix, and pus from the cervical canal are the most common signs of cervicitis that a doctor may notice during an examination.

To clarify the cause of the disease, the doctor may advise you to do a regular microbiological smear from the vagina and a cytological smear (Pap test).

A detailed explanation of how these tests are carried out, how to prepare for them and what their results can mean is presented in the articles: %81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0 %B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0 %BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0% B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B 0%B0-%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8E-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-% D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1 %82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D1%80%D0%B5% D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B.

In cases where the smear does not give accurate results, the doctor may prescribe a PCR test for genital infections (see also 1%. 81%D1%8F-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82-%D0%B1%D1 %8B%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B).

Depending on the symptoms of the disease and changes detected during the gynecological examination, the doctor may prescribe additional tests and tests (testing for syphilis, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, general urine and blood tests, etc.)

During an examination for cervicitis, a gynecologist can detect cervical erosion, leukoplakia, or dysplasia in a woman. Detailed description what it is and what needs to be done about it is presented in the articles: D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%87%D1%8 2%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B 8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%B F. -%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8-% D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1% 82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8 and http://www.sitemedical.ru/content/%D0%B 4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0% BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1% 8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8-% D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC% D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.

How to prepare for a visit to the doctor?

1. Refrain from sexual intercourse 1-2 days before the examination
2. 2-3 days before the examination, do not douche and refuse any intimate hygiene products
3. As soon as possible before the examination, stop using any medications in the form of vaginal suppositories, tablets or sprays, unless their use has been previously agreed with the doctor
4. Hygiene of the external genital organs should be carried out in the evening, before the examination - only with warm water. In the morning, on the day of the examination, it is not necessary to wash.
5. It is advisable not to urinate 2-3 hours before a visit to the doctor.

Treatment of cervicitis

Treatment for cervicitis (endocervicitis) depends on the type of infection that caused the disease.

Due to the fact that many infections that cause cervicitis are contagious and are transmitted during sexual intercourse, treatment of both sexual partners is mandatory in most cases.
Even if a man does not show any signs of illness, this does not mean that he is not infected. Chlamyliosis, trichomoniasis and gonorrhea in men can be completely asymptomatic.

Before starting treatment, your doctor may ask you to take a pregnancy test. This is strictly necessary, as some medications that are used in the treatment of cervititis can adversely affect the development of pregnancy. If it turns out that you are pregnant, the doctor will select a special, safe treatment.

Medicines to treat cervicitis

The main treatment for cervicitis (endocervicitis) is the appointment of antibiotics that suppress the development of infection. The choice of antibiotic is made by the attending physician and depends on the type of infection that caused the disease.

Quite often, antibiotics for the treatment of cervicitis are prescribed in the form of vaginal suppositories or creams.

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Alternative methods of treatment of cervicitis

On this moment no truly effective folk methods or prescriptions for the treatment of cervicitis (endocervicitis) are known.

Infections that provoke the development of cervicitis cannot be eliminated by medicinal herbs, therefore, the use of alternative methods of treating cervicitis is allowed only with the consent of the doctor and simultaneously or after the main treatment with antibiotics.

If you are planning treatment with folk remedies, pay attention to the following notes:

• Misconceptions about the effectiveness of many of the methods described folk treatment cervicitis arose due to the fact that, approximately 4-5 weeks after the onset of the disease, even without any treatment, the infection that provoked it can become asymptomatic, but it continues to develop.
• Many folk recipes treatment of cervicitis involves the introduction of tampons moistened with infusions of medicinal herbs into the vagina or douching. Such treatment for cervicitis can greatly disrupt the composition of the vaginal microflora and provoke dangerous complications. see also F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0-%D1% 83-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD

Content

A dangerous disease characterized by inflammation of the cervix worries many women. The disease can cause severe damage to the body. The disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women. It is important to know its signs and consult a doctor in time.

What is cervicitis

The disease is an inflammation of the cervical canal located in the cervix. Specialists distinguish between exocervicitis and endocervicitis. The first option is considered by doctors as an inflammatory disease of the cervix in the vaginal area. In the second case, the focus of the disease occurs on the inner membranes of the cervical canal. The occurrence of the disease can be caused by microorganisms:

The formation of chronic cervicitis in a woman's body is associated with the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms into the cervical region. If the treatment of a chronic course is not started on time, the disease can lead to the development of erosion of the uterine cervix, thickening of its walls. Microbes can arise inside due to several reasons:

• descent of the cervix or vagina;
• frequent sexual intercourse with different partners;
• incorrect regimen of hormonal contraceptives;
• violations of the rules of personal hygiene;
• the occurrence of inflammation in the organs of the reproductive system.

The disease in the chronic form is manifested by whitish discharge, having a mucous structure, swelling of the cervix. If there is a period of exacerbation, other symptoms may occur:

• itching in the genital area;
• pain during urination;
• burning in the vagina;
• pain of a pulling nature in the lower abdomen;
• specific vaginal discharge.

Acute cervicitis

The occurrence of acute cervicitis may be due to the appearance of inflammation due to the presence of microbes in the body. Symptoms of this form of the disease are:

• mucous discharge with a possible admixture of diffuse pus;
• increase in body temperature;
• pain in the lower abdomen of a dull nature;
• pain sensations in lumbar;
• discomfort during urination and frequent urge;
• hot flashes concentrated in the pelvic area.

The characteristic features of an acute inflammatory process may vary depending on the pathogen that caused it. If the disease is of a gonorrheal nature, the lesion affects the epithelium of the endocervical glands and spreads to the mucous membranes. If the culprits of the disease are staphylococci or streptococci, inflammation appears inside the gland, affecting the cervix. Gradually, the bacteria spread through the lymphatics and to other organs.

Atrophic cervicitis

A disease in which inflammation of the cervix occurs under the influence of advanced infections or the human papillomavirus is called atrophic cervicitis. Therapy for this form of the disease depends on the causes by which it is caused. The doctor prescribes hormonal preparations containing estrogen, which are designed to nourish the tissues. May be used as maintenance therapy folk remedies cooked at home.

Purulent cervicitis

The causes of the formation of purulent cervicitis can be the presence in the body of gonococci, trachoma rods, ureaplasma. Signs of the onset of the disease are mucous secretions with impurities of pus and a specific smell. Edema forms inside the uterus, if you touch it with a swab during ectopia, blood is released. During the treatment of this disease, doctors give a recommendation to refrain from sexual intercourse.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Inflammation of the uterus during gestation can lead to serious problems for the mother and baby. In the early stages, cervicitis during pregnancy provokes fetal fading, miscarriage. Then it will take a long time to be treated to get pregnant again. If the infection develops along the ascending path, the bacteria enter the uterus, causing placental insufficiency and abnormal embryo formation. Cervicitis in the later stages provokes delayed development in the child in the womb, infectious diseases, organ pathologies.

Cervicitis - causes

There are several factors that can cause cervicitis - the causes are classified as follows:

• Diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse: chlamydia, vaginosis, gonorrhea, candidiasis.
• Hormonal imbalances.
• Improper use of personal hygiene products, contraceptives.
• The occurrence in the uterine cervix of pathogenic microorganisms: staphylococci, fungi.
• Injuries of the mucous membrane during childbirth, etc.

Cervicitis - symptoms

The disease has the following characteristic features:

• During sexual intercourse or between menstrual cycles, spotting may occur.
• Sexual desire disappears, sexual intercourse provokes pain.
• Allocations with cervicitis have a pathogenic appearance: cheesy, foamy, purulent.
• There are false and frequent urge to urinate.
• A pulling pain appears in the lower abdomen.

Treatment of cervicitis

Having understood gynecology, explaining cervicitis - what it is, determining their type using a cytogram, you need to immediately begin treatment. Therapy should be carried out under the close supervision of a physician. Focal manifestations of the disease should be treated surgically. Treatment of chronic cervicitis is a complex of measures. Among the medications doctors prescribe:

• Candles for local use: Hexicon, Terzhinan.
• Group of antibiotics: Clarithromycin, Lomefloxacin.
• Means that restore microflora: Atsilakt, Bifidumbacterin.
• Correction of immunity: Immunal.

Physiotherapy is represented by the following methods:

• electrophoresis;
• exposure to ultraviolet rays;
• magnetotherapy;
• ultrasonic waves.

To maintain the body, additions to therapy, it is allowed to use folk remedies:

• Cotton swab moistened with garlic juice. Squeeze out the liquid from 2-3 cloves, mix with 1 tsp. apple cider vinegar and 1 tbsp. l. honey. Cotton wool should be moistened and placed inside the vagina, like a candle, for 60 minutes. The method cannot be used in the presence of erosion of the uterine mucosa.
• If cervicitis is provoked by candidiasis, take a steam bath by adding tea tree oil (a few drops). Carry out the procedure for at least 15 minutes.

With infectious cervicitis, drugs are prescribed:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Erythromycin;
• Flagyl;
• Livarol candles.

Video: chronic inflammation of the cervix

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Discuss

Cervicitis - what is this disease of the cervix. Symptoms and treatment of chronic and acute cervicitis in women

Since the vulva, vagina and cervix form a single ecosystem, then cervicitis are rarely isolated. Often they are combined with vulvitis, vaginitis, and sometimes with salpingo-oophoritis and endometritis.

The cervix is ​​the third biological barrier in the biological protection of the female reproductive system from infections. Protection is provided by the narrowness of the cervical canal and the presence of a mucous secretion that contains a large number of immune factors and has a bactericidal effect.

Causes of cervicitis

Conditions that violate barrier defense mechanisms:

• ruptures of the cervix, which cause the gaping of the external pharynx or the occurrence of ectropion, which violates the bactericidal properties of cervical mucus, as well as the narrowness of the cervical canal;
• uncontrolled use of disinfectants that destroy the saprophytic autoflora of the vagina;
• intrauterine contraceptives
• improper use of tampons that adsorb blood and create optimal conditions for the rapid reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

The occurrence of inflammatory processes contribute to:

• extragenital pathology, including metabolic disorders;
• chronic infections;
• ovarian hypofunction;
• stressful conditions.

Classification of cervicitis

According to localization, they distinguish:

• exocervicitis(damage to the vaginal segment of the cervix);
• endocervicitis(lesion of the inner lining of the cervical canal of the cervix).

According to the clinical course, they are distinguished spicy and chronic cervicitis, according to the type of lesion - focal and diffuse.

In an acute course, the patient has abundant mucopurulent discharge, less often dull pain in the lower abdomen, swelling and hyperemia of the cervix, minor hemorrhages, and even possibly an erosive lesion of the mucous membrane. Often cervicitis occurs in an erased form in the absence of severe symptoms. In this case, it is detected on examination by a gynecologist.

Exocervicitis, which was not promptly detected and treated in the acute stage, turns into a protracted chronic process. The discharge becomes cloudy. It is possible that the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is also involved in the pathological process, with the development of proliferative changes that can be localized near the external pharynx and mistaken for small polyps, and also resemble pseudo-erosion of the cervix. Also, inflammation can spread to surrounding tissues with the formation of cysts.

Distinguish cervicitis:

• nonspecific(caused by opportunistic flora, which can be found in small amounts in the vagina of a healthy woman, but if additional concomitant risk factors occur, this flora can become pathogenic and cause an inflammatory process);
• specific(caused by pathogens of sexual infections. The most common are chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhea, Trichomonas vaginalis, pale treponema, Koch's bacillus, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and others).

Recently, the number of cervicitis associated with mixed infection has increased, which is extremely difficult to treat due to developing resistance to antibiotics and impaired immunity. At the same time, gram-negative and gram-positive obligate anaerobic microorganisms began to be detected most often in chronic inflammation of the cervix, and Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, enterococci are also often detected.