How to unravel the threads of fate? (message of the goddess Mokosh). Use of thread, tow, rope in ceremonies Mandatory terms of the contract

The images of the goddesses of fate are often associated with the image of a thread, a spinning wheel, a spindle. Among the people, women needlewomen who deal with linen and thread are also endowed with an understanding of the secret nature of things and skillfully use their knowledge. With the help of a thread, they affect all spheres of life: "what is the thread, such is life." The fate of a person is perceived as a thread spun on a spinning wheel by a deity, and then shaped (already by human hands) in the form of symbolic sewing, magical knitting, weaving, etc. - in order to predict the future of a newborn or to correct an already predetermined fate. Deities can change the fate of a person at the moments of ritual death, i.e. at initiation, marriage, renunciation of the clan, etc.
The spinning wheel became the wheel of time (or the understanding of the cyclic nature of processes in nature turned out to be simply explained there by means of a spinning wheel) - birth, life and death, and the symbol of the circle meant the sun, eternity, images of God and the world as reference points. The wheel is symbolic and the number 0 - vicious circle, infinite, beginning and end, symbol of the absolute. The patterns on the spinning wheel connected human life with the mythical act of weaving the universe. In the East Slavic culture, the central part of the spinning wheel, with which the tow came into contact, was often decorated with signs-symbols of the sun and the daily cycle. The wheel is spinning - the life-thread is spinning, the sun is rolling across the sky.
Time in mythology was interpreted as a specific subject element - a tow on a spinning wheel, a shuttle or fabric on the machine of the gods (an example, unfortunately, is “not Russian”, but indicative: Penelope, taught by Athena, dissolves the woven fabric in a day, thereby delaying the time of choice, t .e. suspends time, slows down the course of human life). In some traditions, a certain period of time was called “yarn” (“a woman’s account for yarn”).
If a knot was tied on a thread (read - on a direct flow of force / life / energy), this changed the given flow. In some cases, the knots on the threads could act as amulets against diseases and harm, in others, on the contrary, they could indicate damage (for example, during childbirth). Confusing or twisting the thread - by analogy, they transferred the effect on a person's life, confusing, knocking down, or vice versa - straightening. Creating a product, together they wove their desires, promises, dreams into a thread. The craftsmen of knitting knots on threads with the aim of changing life / events were called nauzniks, and the magical knotted threads themselves were called nauzes.
The witch's thread was spun for the sake of changing (correcting) fate, i.e. change in the present and future. However, sometimes in order to change the future, one has to go back to the past - in ritual weaving this is done by twisting the thread counterclockwise (i.e., the locking barriers open, the spin is in the flow of time). At this moment, she creates a new message / desire, and weaves it into the fabric of materialized reality.
In the Christianized tradition, folk tales appear that God himself created weaving and taught women (or rather, the ancestor Eve) to spin.
The importance of spinning in human life was also expressed in the division of the hut into “spinning” and “non-spinning” (if the oven was located at the entrance to the right of the door, its mouth was turned to the light - the “spinning” hut; if the oven was placed to the left of the entrance - the “non-spinning” hut ").

Spirits spinning, weaving, embroidering
Mythical creatures love to do spinning and weaving, but most often this does not bring practical benefits. “You can’t wait for yarn from kikimora,” the proverb says. The people's memory has preserved more stories about the bad "outcome" of spinning with spirits: to see a spinning kikimora - to death in a hut; when a kikimora rattles bobbin - be in trouble. However, if a spirit sits at the spinning wheel (especially on significant days of the year, favorably disposed towards the owners), the consequences are favorable - the spirit can “strain” wealth, health, good luck.
Most often, while spinning, the spirit sentences and whispers a wish, enchanting yarn, household members, and cattle. In order to “not take risks”, they tried not to leave needlework in a conspicuous place, to finish work on time, and, by and large, not to quarrel with the spirits.
In spinning (knitting, weaving, weaving, sewing, embroidering) spirits, deities are often recognizable, predetermining fate, the future. There are different versions - "who was primary." Some argue that at first there were many small gods and spirits, from which the main Gods stood out. Someone says that everything was the other way around, and there were few gods, and the functions assigned to them were many, and gradually these functions were split up, being transferred first to the younger gods, and then to the natural spirits. Others believe that the world around is alive, and everything that is on earth is reflected in the "other world", and vice versa. In any case, gods, spirits and people coexist side by side.
Among the spinning goddesses, the most famous (presumably a connection with the word "mokos" - "spinning", but I could not find this connection, but in Sanskrit the words mocsa - liberation, salvation of the soul, mokshaka - breaking bonds) were found. Other versions of the name - Ma-kosh means "Mother of lot" (in Sanskrit, the words kac - to bind, kac - "to be visible, to manifest") are found.
Women in labor, the goddesses of "predestination", instead of yarn, they spin the fate of people, endowing them with a happy or unhappy destiny. One maiden measures life, another cuts off the thread of fate, the third, the eldest, pronounces the word of fate. (The cult of women in childbirth gradually merged with the cult of household spirits). Sometimes women in labor correspond to "spinning conspiracies" localized on a mountain (a stone, on a river (sea), under a tree (on a pillar), where "three girls ... spin, straighten, pick up patterns."
Similar functions were carried by the goddesses of fate share And Not share(Srecha and Nesrecha).
Brownie(or a housewife, a female incarnation of a brownie), a keeper of the house, an ancestor of the family.
Mara(ghost, apparition, obsession, looking like a small, "bad" old woman), appears on a moonlit night. Sometimes she takes the form of a spinning wheel, sometimes she tears the yarn and tow, which serves as a certain symbol - (in the form of the goddess of death) mara takes the soul leaving the body.
kikimora(variations of mara / housewife, looks like a woman of any age with severe physical deformity, associated with the cult of the dead) loves to spin alone - sometimes helping good housewives, and harming negligent ones.
Mermaids(uniting in folk representations all female natural spirits, as well as women who died an unnatural death) love to sew. In the Russian week they left canvas, threads, clothes on the trees.
"Forest Wives" give people balls of "non-decreasing" threads.
Komoh(personification of fever) - in addition to owning various tools (cuts with a knife, sharpens), he also spins.
Paraskeva Friday, after the arrival of Christianity in Rus', she assumed the functions of Mokosh, became the patroness of weaving, spinning and homework. Her image probably merged incl. With Baba Sereda(helping to spin and whiten canvases), Ukrainian Drawn(spinning, special on Fridays, left tows).
A mythical spinner living in “a hut on a chicken leg, on a spindle heel ... silk is spun, long threads are knotted, the spindle is twisted ...” (according to the description Baba Yaga, or an old woman / witch). The spinner turns the spindle, the hut spins, the thread twists into a ball - and that ball helps the hero who is looking for his destiny to overcome space and time.
Woman of the Other World helping someone in the human world - using magical abilities, she revives a woven / embroidered fabric, creating harmony between the worlds - lower, higher and middle.
It is assumed that initially every day of the week was associated with a spinning-weaving creature, even the name “day” itself has the same root with the verb “weave” - “what is woven” (s’tki). The months of the year are also encrypted in the Russian “spinning” riddle: “There is a house with 12 windows / There are 4 girls in each window / Each girl has 7 spindles / Each spindle has its own name.”
The appearance of spinning spirits is timed to a certain time- in "transitional" moments, when the worlds are close to each other, spinning is not of an everyday nature, but of a fateful nature. Therefore, “mere mortals” at such a time should not touch the magical tool for creating the fabric of life - women rest, and goddesses, spirits and “knowers” ​​spin, influencing human life and the universe. At the “turning point” time, you can’t twist ropes, twist threads, wind balls, knit knots, weave, bend ... People who are unaware of the hidden connection of things (what is above is what is below) can easily destroy the fragile balance, allowing the forces of chaos to penetrate into "ordered" world, bringing disharmony and asymmetry. Hence horror stories about punished spinners who have neglected the ban - in their life something is either torn, or confused, or comes out crooked, or affects the weather or their family and the birth of children, naturally, in an unfavorable sense. If a person who intervened in the process of “weaving at the wrong time” realized that something bad was being born under his hands, he must cut the created thing into pieces in order to “return the universe to its original state.”
You can’t spin on the days of the solstice (winter - associated with the cult of the dead, hence the custom to dress up, come to visit each other dressed up and spin, sitting on the floors, as if not women, but kikimoras, while talking about fate younger generation), on Rusal week (transition from spring to summer, the seventh week after Easter, when rye blooms), on Fridays.
The spinning of the ritual thread fell on certain calendar dates: Entrance to the Church of the Virgin (December 4), St. Andrew (December 13), New Year's Eve, St. Eudoxia (March 1), St. Alexei (March 30), Wednesday of the 4th week of Great Lent, Maundy Thursday, Ivana Kupala or certain days of the week. At the same time, they separately stipulated a) the time of day: before sunrise or during the day or night; b) place of spinning: on the threshold of the house, "on the water", on the go, at the window; c) the composition of the performers (women, old women or “short-aged” girls, who often had never spun until that moment). It was also necessary to observe the ritual purity of the performers. Sometimes the witch's threads were spun with the left hand with the spindle twisting "away from you" (counterclockwise).
The season of "spinning" and processing of flax began with the onset of winter (October). At girls' gatherings and exercises (lit. "new yarn"), women and girls talked, dreamed, spun (and female magic implies the ability to dream - to create, bear and give birth to what is desired).
The thread spun on the day of the Introduction had healing powers. This was probably associated with the Christian belief that on this day little Mary was introduced into that part of the temple, where only the high priest could enter once a year with cleansing sacrificial blood - i.e. a miracle happened. On this day "the church breaks the silence Holy Scripture revealing the inscrutable ways of the Lord" ( believe in the word).
Created on Maundy Thursday and on New Year's Eve, a thread (or lace) and put on by "knowledgeable" people on the wrist or lower back of a person who has performed bodily and spiritual purification (according to popular belief, a bath can do this), contributed to the favorable continuation of human life and protected from sorcery ( believe in the word).
On the night before Christmas (winter solstice), when the boundaries of the worlds become thinner, the past-present-future are nearby, programming threads were spun.
Spinning ended on March 26 (according to the old style), by this time it was supposed to complete the last yarn, otherwise what was done “would not work for the future”.
Embroidery made on the eve of Easter, Ivanovo and Peter's matins (threshold days of the year) had a special magical power. Clothing created at a significant time of the year implied renewal and rebirth.
Material used in spinning- most often wool, flax, hemp, although sometimes chicken feathers (kikimora and mara) and hair of the owners (Mokosh) are used. Using wool / feathers / hair, spirits manipulate the focus of the life force of people and animals, so such “threads” have a stronger effect. Spinning spirits themselves can often turn into a tow, and then not just wool is spun, but their hair - as a combination of vital and magical power transmitted to the canvas. At the same time, spinning spirits, whether women, slander wishes for their work.
Unlike mere mortals, spirits nevertheless do their “work” consciously, they exist on a subtle level — and they see subtle weaves — how they started, how they are connected, how they end: therefore, it is as easy for them to “weave” flows as for thread people.
To achieve the goals used not only different material for threads (wool, linen, silk), but also different colors (red, white, harsh, black), as well as a different number of threads (one, three or more).
The method of tying threads on the human body can be correlated with various adornments: on the neck, the thread is associated (or replaced later) with a necklace, on the arm - with a bracelet, on the finger - with a ring, at the waist - with a belt.
Also important was the method of attaching the thread to the body: tying or criss-cross.

The use of thread / tow / rope in rituals.
The secret, magical meaning of needlework turned out to be known not only to the gods-spirits, but also to "knowing" people, sorcerers, healers. Unlike ordinary people, the “knowledgeable” were engaged in conscious and purposeful manipulations with tow, yarn, thread, rope, and other attributes of needlework. These actions are reflected in divinatory and magical rites.
1. They spin “naopak” (vice versa) two threads - one for the groom, the other for the bride, put them on a frying pan filled with water, and look: they will converge, entwined - to be a wedding, and if they disperse - it’s not destiny. This is where the expression "tie your fate" comes from.
2. In the ditty “threads are torn, I knit / I look cute”, the same idea can be traced - if the spinner manages to tie a tearing thread, fate will develop, life together will succeed.
3. Fortune-telling on the Trinity, when a thread is let through the water (life-fate, fate-death), and they look - it will sink or swim.
4. Linen yarn is wrapped around the end of the torch, stuck between the floorboards and set on fire. In which direction the torch will bend, from there you will have to wait for the groom. Option: they note where the remnants of the tow burned out on the torch fly - to the doors - wait for the matchmakers, from the doors - cuckoo in the girls.
5. Items made of threads and yarn, for example, a belt, also served as an attribute of divination. The belt was laid at the threshold of the church, and the first to step over was "the bearer of the name of the groom." For the girl who weaved the sash, the thread became fateful (probably, if she wanted to change her fate, it was necessary to dissolve, cut the sash?).
6. Programming the life of the young with the help of a thread, etc. Before the wedding, the girl went to the bathhouse with a cleaver, holding on to the end of the belt. Before steaming the bride, the sorcerer tied up her right arm, right leg and chest with the rest of the belt, saying: "Feet to the legs, arms to the arms, to the sternum - to the east." This rite "bind" the young, so that they would walk hand in hand, would not disperse, and would love each other. (I wonder if they did anything like this with men?).
7. At weddings, "threads of long life" were spun, tying the young "happily ever after."
8. The belt in the bath, worn by the bride, had a certain number of knots. According to the number of nodes, the number of sons was born.
9. By the number of knots in the tying of the umbilical cord, it was calculated how many children the woman in labor will give birth to.
10. The twisting of wool into a thread, performed by the sorceress when crossing the road to the wedding train, simulated the crossing of the life of a nascent family, discord in it.
11. A newborn child, who was first placed in a cradle, was wrapped around a cradle (cradle) with threads spun with prayers (conspiracies) at Christmas time - that is, during the work of the Spinning Goddesses. The ends of this thread were then removed from the unsteadiness, tied into a single thread and placed under the head of the baby, thereby promising him a long and happy life. (The ban on needlework in Svyatki here is probably violated by the fact that the mother does not just spin, but weaves the fate of the child. At this moment, she can either be equated with the spinning goddesses, or act as a conductor of their will).
12. A spindle for a girl or a bow for beating wool for boys was placed in a baby's cradle, in a number of places a spindle / tow / torch / scissors were hung to the cradle, believing that these items would distract the night spirits from the child (after all, spinning is often much more interesting for them).
13. Rite of "turning away". Looking for or wanting to return a lost / lost person / cattle, a piece of canvas was tied with a red thread (a symbol of life) (as a creature as a whole). Probably, the principle of Ariadne's guiding thread in the Cretan labyrinth worked here.
14. The thread-fate works in a housewarming party so that the fate of the owners of the house is firmly connected with the new home, a ball of threads is thrown over the threshold, and then by seniority, holding on to " guiding thread' entered the house.
15. The rope acts as an image of the community (that which is woven from many threads - but in fact is one).
16. A rope is a road between worlds (more often, however, to the lower world than to the upper one).
17. Threads woven with the left hand on a clean Thursday were considered "programming fate." On Egoriev's Day (May 6), this thread, along with a flap, was hung on a tree of desires, and the plan was fulfilled.
18. Human hair is also equated with yarn as the focus of life force (soul). The death shirt was embroidered with hair, the hair of the deceased was woven into the shroud - this is how the idea of ​​the afterlife and subsequent rebirth was embodied.
19. Woven products (canvases, canvases, especially those decorated with "fancy") were often associated with the road connecting the worlds, as well as with dead ancestors and future descendants. The concepts of "road", "fabric", "towel", "handkerchief" in mythology are equivalent to the words "road" and "fate".

The images of the goddesses of fate are often associated with the image of a thread, a spinning wheel, a spindle. Among the people, women needlewomen who deal with linen and thread are also endowed with an understanding of the secret nature of things and skillfully use their knowledge.

With the help of a thread, they affect all spheres of life: "what is the thread, such is life."

The fate of a person is perceived as a thread spun on a spinning wheel by a deity, and then shaped (already by human hands) in the form of symbolic sewing, magical knitting, weaving, etc. - in order to predict the future of a newborn or to correct an already predetermined fate. Deities can change the fate of a person at the moments of ritual death, i.e. at initiation, marriage, renunciation of the clan, etc.

The spinning wheel became the wheel of time (or the understanding of the cyclic nature of processes in nature turned out to be simply explained there by means of a spinning wheel) - birth, life and death, and the symbol of the circle meant the sun, eternity, images of God and the world as a reference point. The wheel is symbolic and the number 0 is a vicious circle, limitless, the beginning and the end, the symbol of the absolute. The patterns on the spinning wheel connected human life with the mythical act of weaving the universe.

In the East Slavic culture, the central part of the spinning wheel, with which the tow came into contact, was often decorated with signs-symbols of the sun and the daily cycle. The wheel is spinning - the life-thread is spinning, the sun is rolling across the sky.

Time in mythology was interpreted as a specific subject element - a tow on a spinning wheel, a shuttle or fabric on the machine of the gods (an example, unfortunately, is “not Russian”, but indicative: Penelope, taught by Athena, dissolves the woven fabric in a day, thereby delaying the time of choice, t .e. suspends time, slows down the course of human life). In some traditions, a certain period of time was called “yarn” (“a woman’s account for yarn”).

If a knot was tied on a thread (read - on a direct flow of force / life / energy), this changed the given flow. In some cases, the knots on the threads could act as amulets against diseases and harm, in others, on the contrary, they could indicate damage (for example, during childbirth). Confusing or twisting the thread - by analogy, they transferred the effect on a person's life, confusing, knocking down, or vice versa - straightening. Creating a product, together they wove their desires, promises, dreams into a thread. The craftsmen of knitting knots on threads with the aim of changing life / self-existence were called nauzniks, and the magical knotted threads themselves were called nauzes.

The witch's thread was spun for the sake of changing (correcting) fate, i.e. change in the present and future. However, sometimes in order to change the future, it is necessary to go back to the past - in ritual weaving this is done by twisting the thread counterclockwise (that is, the locking barriers open, the spin is in the flow of time). At this moment, she creates a new message / desire, and weaves it into the fabric of materialized reality.

Spirits spinning, weaving, embroidering

Mythical creatures love to do spinning and weaving, but most often this does not bring practical benefits. “You can’t wait for yarn from kikimora,” the proverb says. The people's memory has preserved more stories about the bad "outcome" of spinning with spirits: to see a spinning kikimora - to death in a hut; when a kikimora rattles bobbin - be in trouble. However, if a spirit sits at the spinning wheel (especially on significant days of the year, favorably disposed towards the owners), the consequences are favorable - the spirit can “strain” wealth, health, good luck.

Most often, while spinning, the spirit sentences and whispers a wish, enchanting yarn, household members, and cattle. In order to “not take risks”, they tried not to leave needlework in a conspicuous place, to finish work on time, and, by and large, not to quarrel with the spirits.

In spinning (knitting, weaving, weaving, sewing, embroidering) spirits, deities are often recognizable, predetermining fate, the future. There are different versions - "who was primary." Some argue that at first there were many small gods and spirits, from which the main Gods stood out. Someone says that everything was the other way around, and there were few gods, but there were many functions assigned to them, and gradually these functions were fragmented, being transferred first to the younger gods, and then to the natural spirits. Others believe that the world around is alive, and everything that is on earth is reflected in the "other world", and vice versa. In any case, gods, spirits and people coexist side by side. Among the spinning goddesses, Mokosh is the most famous (presumably a connection with the word “mokos” - “spinning”, but I could not find this connection, but the words mocsa were found in Sanskrit - liberation, salvation of the soul , mokshaka - breaking ties). Other versions of the name - Ma-kosh means “Mother of lot” (in Sanskrit, the words kac are found - to bind, kac - "to be visible, to manifest").

Women in labor, the goddesses of "predestination", instead of yarn, spin the fate of people, endowing them with a happy or unhappy destiny. One maiden measures life, another cuts off the thread of fate, the third, the eldest, pronounces the word of fate. (The cult of women in childbirth gradually merged with the cult of household spirits). Sometimes women in labor correspond to "spinning conspiracies" localized on a mountain (a stone, on a river (sea), under a tree (on a pillar), where "three girls ... spin, straighten, pick up patterns."

Similar functions were performed by the goddesses of fate Dolya and Nedolya (Srecha and Nesrecha). Brownie (or housewife, the female incarnation of the brownie), the keeper of the house, the ancestor of the family. Mara (ghost, specter, obsession, looking like a small, “bad” old woman) appears on a moonlit night. Sometimes she takes the form of a spinning wheel, sometimes she tears the yarn and tow, which serves as a certain symbol - (in the form of the goddess of death) mara takes the soul leaving the body. Kikimora (variations of mara / brownie's wife, looks like a woman of any age with severe physical deformity, associated with the cult of the dead) loves to spin alone - sometimes helping good housewives, and harming negligent ones. Mermaids (who unite in folk representations all female natural spirits, as well as women who died an unnatural death) love to sew. In the Russian week they left canvas, threads, clothes on the trees. "Forest wives" give people balls of "non-decreasing" threads.
Komoha (personification of fever) - in addition to owning various tools (cuts with a knife, sharpens), he also spins. A mythical spinner living in “a hut on a chicken leg, on a spindle heel ... spins silk, twists long threads, twists the spindle ...” (according to the description of Baba Yaga, or an old woman / witch). The spinner turns the spindle, the hut spins, the thread twists into a ball - and that ball helps the hero who is looking for his destiny to overcome space and time. A woman of the Other World, helping someone in the human world - using magical abilities, she revives a woven / embroidered canvas, creating harmony between the worlds - the lower, the higher and the middle.

The use of thread / tow / rope in ceremonies

The material used in spinning is most often wool, linen, hemp, although sometimes chicken feathers (Kikimora) and host hair (Mokosh) are used. Using wool / feathers / hair, spirits manipulate the focus of the life force of people and animals, so such “threads” have a stronger effect. Spinning spirits themselves can often turn into a tow, and then not just wool is spun, but their hair is spun - as a combination of vital and magical power transmitted to the canvas. At the same time, spinning spirits, whether women, slander wishes for their work.

Unlike mere mortals, spirits still do their “work” consciously, they exist on a subtle level - and they see subtle weaves - how they started, how they are connected, how they end: therefore, it is as easy for them to “weave” flows as for thread people.

To achieve the goals, they used not only different materials for threads (wool, linen, silk), but also different colors (red, white, harsh, black), as well as a different number of threads (one, three or more).

The method of tying threads on the human body can be correlated with various decorations: on the neck, the thread is associated (or replaced later) with a necklace, on the arm - with a bracelet, on the finger - with a ring, at the waist - with a belt.

Also important was the method of attaching the thread to the body: tying or criss-cross.

The secret, magical meaning of needlework turned out to be known not only to the gods-spirits, but also to "knowing" people, sorcerers, healers. Unlike ordinary people, the “knowledgeable” were engaged in conscious and purposeful manipulations with tow, yarn, thread, rope, and other attributes of needlework. These actions are reflected in divinatory and magical rites.

Everyone has their own destiny in this life. But what does it depend on? Can we change our destiny, or is the destined to be unavoidable? Why is it that some people are constantly lucky in life, while others are accompanied by lifelong troubles? How to figure out what is impossible to change in your destiny, and what is possible, and how to do it?

The answers to these questions came through conscious dream from Slavic, which has always been famous as a spin of fate or a great heavenly spin. To believe or not to believe this information is a personal matter for everyone, but perhaps it will help someone answer questions that have long tormented them and understand themselves.

... The sun is high, the heat comes from the earth, the haze chirps over the meadow. The spicy smell of herbs, and not a cloud in the sky ... But there is a forest in the distance. There is a shadow and a stream murmurs. And the path winds there among the grasses.

And here is the long-awaited coolness. Crystal water runs over the pebbles. A huge oak tree clasped the ground with its roots. "Ku-ku, Ku-ku" - comes from the crown. The cuckoo is somewhere there, sitting in the branches.

Suddenly a woman's face peeped through the mosses, and ... smiled. Someone came up behind me and touched her on the shoulder. And then I hear a voice inside me. “Do not be afraid, I came here to tell tales about how to weave my own, how to spin to learn the canvas, so that it would not be with knots, but so that with a soft cover it would save from adversity, and with an elastic sail it would carry over the abyss to the heavenly pier, and not a path of fears into the world of darkness and need.

We saw each other once. I am Makosh, your mother, although many have forgotten about me.

... Turning around, I saw a translucent figure in a dress embroidered with intricate ornaments that went down to her heels. Pearls hung in large clusters from an embroidered two-horned kichka and braided the neck with thick rows of beads. Deep, like a clear lake, eyes shone with an unearthly light.

Their radiance radiated a rainbow, and it seemed that everything was drowned in this rainbow ... Now the forest and dense crowns of trees are no longer visible, the murmur of the stream is not heard. All around, some patterns intricately intertwine birds, flowers and outlandish animals. Patterns crawl on the walls, they are carved from wood. They are embroidered on towels, which are hung all around. And Makosh sat down on a wide bench and took up her spinning wheel. And the spindle spun in her fast hands, and an endlessly white thread ran.

“So you all spin the threads of your destinies,” Makosh’s voice rang out again. “Each one spins the thread of his own destiny and he himself weaves the fabric of his life. I only observe and suggest to those who can hear my voice and who want to hear it.

It is not I who spin the threads of your destinies, but you yourself, remember this. I am only collecting what you spun in order to help return it to you in the next incarnations ...

If you think that fate is written somewhere, you are mistaken. There is nothing predetermined by someone and something. Only by yourself...

You have been robbed of the great knowledge that the physical is only one of the sparks of eternal life. Everyone has one life and it is eternal. And it consists of countless incarnations in the physical and subtle worlds. Your physical lives are nothing more than dreams... But their plots are determined in previous dreams.

And so you spin the thread of your destiny, passing it through your incarnations. Much can be changed within one physical incarnation, but there are knots that cannot be untied in a short moment of bodily life.

But you yourself impose these knots, and no one can do this for you, just as no one can untie them for you. It cannot, it is impossible to do this to other people, other spirits, Gods, Teachers. Impossible. Although many of you do not understand this and begin to ask someone to save you from suffering. But these sufferings are only the essence of your mistakes. They are a consequence of the confusion of the thread of your destiny. But after all, you yourself and only you confused her. No one can confuse your fate except yourself.

Black sorcerers and magicians can only push you to confuse the ball of your life, but they cannot confuse it themselves. Black sorcerers and magicians can only send a haze on your mind and feelings, they are unable to do more.

But you will be right when you object: “but how do they send diseases, seal curses ...?”

All this is true - and curses are imposed and other people's diseases are shifted, but only to those who have a tangled ball of life. It is impossible to confuse an even thread from the outside, this is a cosmic law. But here is a tangled thread in knots, it is very easy to confuse it with other knots. Knots on the threads of fate create a kind of attraction to such knots. These are simply physical laws, though not of your dense world, but of the subtle one.

An even thread is not attracted to any foreign knots, and foreign knots will not be able to cling to it.

So what are these knots and how are they tied? In the East they are called karmic cargo. Karma is not the thread of fate. Karma is a map of knots, so to speak, on the thread of fate. Karma is a set of your nodes that influence life events. These are knots that distort the thread of fate and lead to suffering and misfortune, negative circumstances that a person cannot change.

The absence of karmic knots on the thread of fate speaks of pure karma, which means that a person can change the circumstances of life and his life himself. His life depends only on the will and desires of the person himself. With pure karma, usually a person experiences constant satisfaction and harmony with. This person does not need anything material, he has no desire to own anything. The undoing of the last knot on the thread of fate unhooks the spirit from the physical world, from subsequent rebirths and opens the way for it to the higher worlds, unfolds all knowledge and possibilities before it. It was upon reaching such a state that the yogis of the East or your saints acquired superpowers.

But this is not the lot of many. Although hosts of spirits have already gone this way and left the physical plane of your world.

As for ordinary people, those who do not bring harm to anyone have fairly even threads of fate, humiliated with small knots of desires of the material world. These knots bind them to physical life and force them to be reborn again after the next death of the physical body.

There is nothing wrong. Each spirit has its own way and its own path. And attachments to the material world indicate that the spirit is comfortable in this world and that it has found its way to this segment of its eternal life, precisely by spending physical lives. So he is improving or vice versa ...

Indeed, while living in your physical world, it is very easy to tie not just small knots of desires for simple earthly happiness, but also terrible knots and fetters of karmic loads that cannot be untied in one incarnation and which, like a snowball, will impose more and more knots.

How are such complex knots tied? Passions. Not by the desires of simple earthly happiness and well-being, but by passions or ways of obtaining earthly happiness to the detriment of other people.

If you consider it possible for the sake of your comfort, well-being and happiness to destroy someone else's comfort, well-being and happiness, then this is a direct path to tying a complex karmic knot. Namely, such a knot is very heavy, it lowers the vibrations of the spirit. blocking recharge cosmic energies, it turns a person into energy vampire. Energy vampirism makes the spirit even heavier and leads to the emergence of new passions and vicious desires, which further leads to the winding of new knots. So the spirit turns from light to gray and then black, when in its vicious desires and anger it loses the bright spark of the soul.

In this case, the human body is occupied by a dark entity - undead or a demon. But you often see that liars, thieves, scoundrels live happily ever after. This is the result of the undead infestation into their bodies from very large and heavy knots. Your physical world is very close to the low world of the undead, so the undead, having settled into human bodies, seduces people, showing them the charms of a beautiful life, pushing them to tying knots. After all, having imposed knots on his fate, a person falls into slavery to the undead and feeds it with his life energy, until the undead itself inhabits the human body, to collect a new tribute to the dark world.

The spark of the soul turns out to be thrown out of the circle of human incarnations for more low level physical life, such as in bodies. She is almost unconscious, because part of the vicious consciousness remains with the undead. So the undead merges with a part of the vicious spirit and begins serving the dark world to destroy the world of space. It was at this time that she dresses in golden clothes, living in the bodies of millionaires, tempting many weak souls who want such "happiness". And as long as your physical world is full of low vibrations of vices, this is possible.

You have been told many times about the days and nights of Brahma or our Universe or the Great Family, as your ancestors called it. So in those great nights, the transformation of the undead into the void takes place. But a particularly large demonic undead still remains, until in the next great nights it will completely grind into the void. But this is already recycling, as you would say, evil at the cosmic level, and it goes on for trillions and trillions of your earthly years, which corresponds to many nights and days of Brahma or our Family - our Universe.

But that's not what I'm talking about. And my tale is that everything is in your will - to become or not to become black undead.

There is no prescribed fate. There is only what you yourself imposed in past incarnations. And the heaviest knots are knots of violent bonds of one spirit with another, one person with another. These are knots trampling on the free will of another person, another spirit.

For example, you thought that it would be good for you if you take this and that as your husband, or marry such and such, but you do not take into account her or his desires in this regard.

You are forcing the person to be with you. And the methods can be different from a magical love spell to blackmail and seduction, from creating circumstances that force you to marry, to lies and all sorts of tricks. Whatever the methods of coercion, they all lead to tying the hardest karmic knot that cannot be untangled within one life. Even realizing one's wrong and repenting, much will remain impossible to change if, for example, someone has already died or irreparable circumstances have occurred.

Moreover, such knots are not tied when you get married or go to the registry office. They do not need official acts. They are tied up as soon as you begin to act, suppressing the will and choice of another person. But they are especially strongly tied during physical intimacy. Knots reinforced by an act of physical proximity - it is impossible to untie within 11 years, because energy bodies flowed into each other. And even after 11 years, subtle traces remain in your aura. And they can influence the formation of the appearance of your child, even if he is born from another.

Your age is the age of ignorance and trampling on morality and morality. Therefore, I will especially say that not only the prudent suppression of will and choice ties a knot, but fornication. You can not claim the spirit of a person, do not intend to marry him or marry, but simply desire his body. But every act of physical intimacy knits a knot that pushes further and further away from you the meeting with your soul mate, or as you say with your betrothed, with the one who should be with you.

But every spirit has such a kindred spirit, but it is not always met in physical life ... Because of such knots that still need to be untangled before meeting your betrothed. And there is not enough life to untie knots, so more than one life toils, and if they still tie knots, they still toil like flies in a web.

Only now the flies toil in spider webs, and people in their own, generated by passions and vices. Jealousy and pride, greed and envy, lust and anger are the threads with which you weave snares for yourself and then wallow in them, blaming circumstances. Sometimes desperation with fear can also play a cruel joke, when, being afraid to be left alone, you begin to do anything. Fear of loneliness public opinion they push you to tie unnecessary knots, which are untied - oh, how long and hard.

Anyone who knows how to knit will understand me. Once entangled and intertwined, the thread will tie more knots in the course of its movement, and such that you will not immediately guess how to unravel it all.

How to distinguish the moment when you tie a knot from the result of knots tied in the past, because you don’t remember your past from previous incarnations?

When tying a new knot, you are free not to tie it. It is only your will, your passion, your desire that moves you towards tying the knot.

If circumstances haunt you, if much does not depend on you, then this is the result of a knot tied in the past. That's how you meet the wrong people you think you are. This is how you while away your lives with tyrants or lazybones, drunkards or liars and liars. Very often, in new incarnations, those whom you tied to yourself in the past, without thinking about the consequences, come to you in new incarnations, and now you have to untie the knots of the past in suffering.

The knots of the past are visible in circumstances beyond your control. The knots of the present depend on you. Either you yourself beat off someone else's husband, and then he drank himself, or fate only brought you together with alcoholics. In the first case, you yourself tie a knot in the present life, in the latter case, the knots of the past prevent you from living and meeting your soul mate.

Even if you are financially happy, having recaptured a stranger or forcing you to live with you without his will, you still have to untie the knot. And if he doesn’t get drunk, if everything outwardly looks good for you, this means the knot is too heavy to be untied in this life. He will crawl into the next incarnation with the obligatory coercion of you by the person whom you coerced in something in the past. By suppressing the will of others now, you will be suppressed in a subsequent incarnation by others. This is the law.

But many, not seeing the direct consequences, wave their hand at him, figuratively speaking. “Anyway, not now, and then at least a flood, I need it now, and then it may not be, and it doesn’t matter what will happen, maybe nothing will happen at all ...” - Those who give vent to passions and think only about momentary well-being and only his own, even at anyone's expense. And this is how millions and millions of knots are tied that make you unhappy in future incarnations, although in this incarnation everything may seem smooth.

And now you are in these next incarnations ... And you are unhappy and you are again trying to find happiness, not knowing that it comes only out of love, and only a new knot comes under compulsion. But no one sees the thread of his own fate as a whole and again tries to build happiness on the ruins of other people's destinies. And this is the most important prohibition, because it leads to the destruction of the spirit and its captivity by the undead.

If you are unlucky, then you have imposed a lot of knots in the past and you should not again crush other people's destinies. Only through suffering and good deeds will you be able to begin to untie them. A lot of knots will not let you be happy in this incarnation. But what is the incarnation - it is really just a moment, just a dream. And if you understand this, you can use humility and good deeds begin to untie the knots of fate.

Understand that if there are no knots of the past, if you have not imposed huge knots, if you have not destroyed other people's destinies, then no one will be able to destroy your destiny. You are all tied up, if you look from other dimensions. If your husband was taken away from you, then you also took away once in past incarnations and now you just untie the knot, but the one who took you away now is tying suffering in the future and you should not envy her, and you should not take revenge and spite.

For you will start with her again, and you will have to untie yourself again and again, and meetings cannot be avoided with the one you hate ... After all, hatred is another powerful tool that twists and tangles the thread of your fate with the thread of the fate of the one you hate.

If you have been bewitched, if you are suppressed, if they impose their will on you, then you once did it, and now you just untie the knot, having tried, as you say “on your own skin”, which means that you once they did it, although you don’t remember it, even though it was in past incarnations ... If a curse was sent to you, then most likely it was attracted by some old knots on your thread of fate. If it was sent to you, and you have a clean thread of fate, it will not stick, or cause not as much harm as someone who has a lot of knots on the thread of fate. If, nevertheless, you suffer undeservedly, this will also affect your thread of fate, compensating for happy moments in the future or in other incarnations.

Unfortunately, your world is very close to the worlds of darkness, as I already said, so curses from dark people (with demons and undead instead of souls) can ruin the lives of people with small knots on the threads of fate. And only for those whose threads of fate are absolutely pure curses and witchcraft cannot touch, it will simply fly off like a husk, since there is nothing to cling to. But there are very, very few such people in your world, they are mostly saints and hermits. But they do not live in the bustle of your world, where the messengers of the dark worlds meet.

Resentment, despair, anger, hatred - these are the hooks that tangle the threads of your destinies. Remember, if your emotions and actions are yours, then you tie the knots yourself and yourself. Resentment and anger will destroy only you, leading to illness and tying to you what you do not like. This may not necessarily be the person you are offended by. It's just that your knot of resentment on your thread of fate will attract a similar situation to you, and you will again be offended by another person. And so it will be endlessly, until the perniciousness of this feeling, which destroys only you and no one else, is realized.

You weave your own destiny every moment of your existence. Therefore, it is impossible to predict it, because any accurate, specific prediction is the construction of a life program from the outside, by another person. And this is a violation of the basic law of the cosmos about free will and choice.

You can only indicate the main points of the threads of fate, which are on this moment show the possibility of certain events and all. All predictions can be limited to this only. And then you can only point out what is impossible to change in the current incarnation, that is, only tied up in past incarnations and requiring denouement or working out, as you say. In this understanding, predictions are useful. But only in order to know what needs to be worked out and not to rush about in despair: "why do I need all this ...".

But you should always understand that you are constantly changing the options for your fate, and the options for working out too, but the working itself out or the untying of knots is inevitable and it will attract the circumstances necessary for this - not just the others.

In this sense, you cannot run away from fate, as you say. And only by untying the knot - you will open new roads for yourself and again get the right to choose, which is taken away from you by the knots you tied.

Such is the world. Everything is intertwined and interconnected in it, although this is not visible to the naked eye. And this ignorance and blindness often hinder you. But blindness is illusory. The world is always giving you clues. They may come in different signs.

You just need to learn to see them. The signs can be anywhere: in the grass and trees, in the singing of birds, in sunrises and sunsets, in someone's abandoned phrase that you heard in passing, in a book read, and even in the words written by someone on the fence ... Signs can be under your feet. Just to see them is not just to see with your eyes, but to be able to compare with those questions that torment you. This is the ability to interpret them as an answer to your question, to your expectations. This is the ability to listen to your inner voice, to the voice of conscience.

And do not drown out this voice with various arguments and excuses, excuses and so on. An inner voice will always tell you that there is a danger of tying a knot on the way, but your excuses and arguments drown it out, and you go on about emotions and desires and tie a new loop around your neck ...

To see the signs and hear your soul, you need to listen to it, and not the emotions generated by external circumstances. If you cannot forgive someone, you listen to emotions and choke yourself, almost literally. Probably, after all, they have noticed more than once how resentment gnaws at the throat ...? This is an almost tangible pressure of the node. And you just need to forgive.

But your emotions do not allow this, because you perceive forgiveness as approval of the act by which you were offended. But no one calls you to approve and encourage evil. Moreover, this encouragement ties a new knot...

This is your psyche, your emotions are arranged in such a way that you either love or hate, or kill or love your enemies. But this is extremely ignorant. Enemies should not be loved, for this is the approval of evil, which means the creation of evil together with your enemy. You should not love, but let go of resentment. Disconnect your ego from the situation and then the emotions fall off. Not to love the enemy, but to be just and impartial. To forgive is to stop being emotionally attached, offended for yourself, your loved ones. After all, it doesn’t hurt you so much if someone does something bad to someone else. So become this outsider, drop the ego and self-pity and resentment will fall off.

When you do not think about how to punish the offender, the punishment will find him. But you want here and now to know for sure that he is being punished. But you something from this, that he is punished or not? Just a sense of justice. But the world cannot be just all at once. Your lives and your time are but sparks in its eternal burning. They go out and flare up again and do not have time to see the justice and punishment of enemies. You just want to cram the world mechanisms into the shortest life span of your sparks, not knowing about the next flash of your own spark, let alone the flame of the whole world.

It is this discrepancy that most often deprives you of patience and leads to despair, leads to despondency and disappointment in the divine forces. Yes, your lives have been reduced by a thousand times, but that's a completely different story ...

And the world is still like this for you, and the knots of your destinies will still have to be untied, otherwise, if you become entangled, you can die in the darkness, becoming black undead. Therefore, only patience and the removal of your personal feelings and emotions from the offender, which is actually forgiveness, will save you from extra knots on your neck. Forgiveness is simply a transfer of the expectation of punishment to the will of higher powers, and not an attempt to love the enemy or the offender. Release, so to speak, from the tie of your thread of fate. As soon as this happens, the knot of resentment is untied like a silk thread and you begin to breathe freely, and what do you care about what the offender said or did to you, now these are only his problems, his knot, from which he cannot escape. Anyway, he will have to untie it sooner or later, but when this happens, you should not worry anymore. For the desire to know this will tie the knot around your neck again. Do you need it?

So does self-pity. She is the one who creates resentment. But she will not do anything useful to you and will not change the situation, and will not return the past, she will only hurt you and tie the knot. Do you need pain? Then feel sorry for yourself. This feeling was sent by the essences of darkness, the undead, so that through pain and knots in fate, to eat your life force. Feel sorry for yourself - feed the undead, so feed that right up to physical pain. So insulting and sorry for yourself... And your life force flows to the undead - you get sick and grow old because of this. What kind of self-pity and love is this if it leads to illness and old age? Isn't it better to forget everything and give up to higher powers and live on? This is forgiveness.

The ability to hear your soul, your inner voice, your conscience, the ability to forgive and read the signs of fate in ordinary life events - only this can protect you from tying new knots, while patience and humility will help untie the old ones. For those who have forgotten how to read and hear the signs of fate, to hear the subtle world, to hear their soul, the rules of morality and morality were given, which said that you can’t envy, be jealous, desire someone else’s, wait for praise and rewards, fornicate, it’s not fair to be angry and spiteful, betray and vile, humiliate and suppress other souls. These moral principles were given by different Teachers, Prophets, Gods to different nations, because by observing them, the ignorant could avoid many traps and live their lives without tying their fate in tight knots and networks.

And even easier was the knowledge given to you - just not to wish and not to do to others what you do not want someone to wish or do to you. It's so simple! But how difficult it is for many of you. And it’s difficult only because you don’t put yourself in the place of another, but think only about yourself. It’s just that subconsciously you feel only yourself, and you see other people as certain circumstances, obstacles, tools in relation to your own person, and that’s all. This illusion is drawn for you by your ego, the self, as you say. She blinds you. Here it is the main and only reason for your wanderings in the darkness and in the entangled snares of your destinies.

But as soon as you can feel yourself in someone, as soon as you can put yourself in the place of the one you want to hurt, whom you want to make your own against his will, everything will fall into place. But you need to put yourself in the place of another, just by feeling the desires of this other, and, without endowing the resulting image with your desires, try to look at the world and at yourself through the eyes of this other - this is the whole difficulty. But this is the only way to free yourself from the snares of your destiny, the only way to create your destiny, the way you truly want it in your soul, and not in the foggy mind of this physical body…”.

So Makosh said, and in her quick hands everything was spinning and spinning a brisk spindle, winding on itself the silvery threads of our destinies, the destinies of the world, planets and stars that had already appeared behind the patterned shutters on dark blue heaven...

Mandatory terms of the contract

The theory of law divides the terms of the contract into essential and ordinary. If the parties do not agree on the essential terms, then the contract is considered not concluded.

The essential condition of the contract of sale is the subject of the contract, i.e. car, so it is necessary to reflect it in the DCT specifications in accordance with the PTS - model, brand of car, color, VIN number - in a word, everything that allows you to unambiguously identify a particular alienated car.

In the event that the car is purchased in the cabin, then the contract also indicates the equipment of the car. However, other conditions are no less important, first of all, this is the condition on the price of the car and on the procedure for making payments for it.

The order of payments is important when you buy a car in installments, paying for it in several stages, in installments. The terms in which you will make payment should be specified in the agreement. If you buy a car from a dealer, then the real cost of the car will be indicated in the DCT, but if you buy a car from your hands, then the seller may want to prescribe a lower price that does not correspond to actual cost For example, to avoid paying taxes.

This is a risk for the buyer: in the event of claims and termination of the contract, the seller will be obliged to return only the amount specified in the contract and can use this without returning to the buyer all the money he spent on buying a car. To prevent this from happening, insist that the contract contains the real cost of the car being purchased.

Additional terms of the contract

TO additional conditions contracts can include:

• a condition on the procedure for resolving the disagreements that have arisen;
• the seller's statement that the car being sold has not been arrested, stolen or pawned;
• transaction costs and who bears them.

Contract form

There is no strict format for a contract for the sale of a car, so it will be enough to write the contract by hand or make it in print in three identical copies - one copy for the parties and the traffic police. In the DCT of the car, indicate in which city and on what date it was concluded, the data of the passports of the seller and the buyer, the conditions on which the contract was concluded - this will be described in detail below. And don't forget to sign all three copies.

If a trustee acts for the seller or buyer, then this must also be reflected in the contract, indicating the full name and passport details of the individual who signs the contract by proxy, as well as the details of the power of attorney itself - which notary and when certified it, for which number in the register it registered .

The act of acceptance and transfer of the vehicle

The act of acceptance and transfer of the car (or transfer act) confirms that the car was transferred from the seller to the buyer, which means that the terms of the transaction were met. The buyer, before signing the act, needs to check the serviceability of the car, make sure that the car has no defects that make it difficult to use it. Just like the contract, the act does not have a specific form, it must contain the passport data and full names of the parties, in what place and on what day it was drawn up, a link to the DCT and, of course, indicate the characteristics of the car being sold.

DKP and the deed of transfer should not have discrepancies.

What to look for when concluding a contract?

What needs to be checked, what to clarify in order to avoid trouble in the future? It all depends on whether you buy a car from a dealer or from an individual.

Buying a car in a car dealership:

• check whether the desired equipment is correctly indicated in the DCT;
• what is the price of the car, the procedure for making payments if you buy a car in installments;
• specify the date of delivery of the car to you;
• learn about the responsibility of the parties to the transaction, which they will incur if they violate the terms of the contract;
• if, due to the circumstances, it is necessary to conclude a preliminary contract of sale, then you need to make sure that the date before the expiration of which the main DCT will be signed with you corresponds to the one announced by the seller.

When purchasing a car from an individual, before you transfer the money, look for information that the car is not under arrest, wanted or pledged by the bank (this can be done on the website of the State traffic inspectorate), and also pay attention to the following:

• whether the person who wants to sell you the car has the right to dispose of it. The seller must be the owner of the vehicle or act on the basis of a power of attorney;
• if instead of the owner his authorized representative acts, then the validity period of the power of attorney should be checked. At the beginning of the document, the date of its preparation will be indicated, at the end - the period for which this power of attorney was issued. If the term has expired, then this will mean one thing: the trustee no longer has the right to sell the car on behalf of its owner;
• It will not be superfluous to check whether the owner of the car has revoked the power of attorney and, in general, whether this is a real power of attorney, and not a fake one. To do this, you should use the website of the Federal Notary Chamber, which contains information about canceled and invalid powers of attorney;
• if the owner of the car is a minor, the sale of the car will require the written consent of the guardianship and guardianship authorities. Permission (consent) is issued in the form of an order of the department of guardianship or the department of administration of the district to which the guardianship belongs. If the owner of the car is under 14 years old, the contract will be signed by his legal representative (parent or guardian), if from 14 to 18 years old, then the contract will be signed by the minor himself.

Special attention deserves such a circumstance as the fact that the seller (owner of the car) was married at the time when he bought the car. According to the law, all property that was purchased during the marriage is jointly acquired, that is, it belongs to both the husband and wife, even if the property is registered in the name of only one of them.

Practice shows that as soon as discord begins in the family and everything goes to divorce, one of the spouses, in whose name the car was registered, seeks to re-register it to relatives as soon as possible or sell it so that the wife (husband) does not receive anything. In fact, in this situation, she (he) can go to court and challenge the deal, because she (was) not agreed to sell the car. If the injured party loses the claim, the buyer will not suffer, but participation in the trial takes a lot of time and nerves.

So ask the seller to issue a notarized consent of the spouse for the sale. If the owner of the car has nothing to hide, he will find time for his other half to turn to a notary, and the buyer of the car, in turn, can offer the seller to pay for this document.

Ask your seller for a receipt that he received from you cash for the car sold.

In the event that the car is sold, and the OSAGO policy continues to be valid, motorists ask themselves the question: “How to return the policy when selling the car? » This and other topical questions are answered by a car lawyer.

Professional assistance in drafting a contract

A lawyer specializing in providing advice on car transactions will help you competently draw up an agreement taking into account the requirements of the law and the wishes of the parties, check the purity of the transaction, and warn you about the possible risks of purchasing a particular car.

The specialist will also give legal advice on the preparation of additional documents necessary for the purchase of a car, or he will draw up these documents himself so that the seller or buyer does not have to spend his precious time on this. Of course, a lawyer provides his services on a fee basis, but if desired, the seller and buyer can agree to share these costs between themselves.

If you buy a car in a showroom, then the lawyer will study the contract provided by the dealer, draw your attention to the terms of the contract that are controversial or unfavorable for the buyer, and will be able to insist on adjusting such conditions, thereby protecting your interests. Of course, no one obliges you to contact a lawyer, and you can draw up a DCT yourself by finding a sample car sale agreement on the Internet.

What are the most common mistakes people make when drafting a contract?

Most of the errors in the preparation of the DCT of the car are of a technical nature. These are typos, inaccuracies and blots, at first glance insignificant, but it is precisely because of them that difficulties may arise when registering a car.

Therefore, it is best to draw up an agreement in electronic form in order to avoid discrepancies and inaccuracies, and then print and sign it. It is also necessary to carefully check whether the passport data, technical characteristics taken from the TCP match those specified in the contract.

Makosh (Mokosh). The goddess with such a strange name was first mentioned in the annals of 970 in the pagan pantheon of the Slavs: “And the beginning of the prince Volodimer in Kiev is one. And put idols on a hill outside the courtyard of the tower: Perun is wooden, and his head is silver, and his mustache is golden, and Khors, and Dazhbog, and Stribog, and Simargl, and Makosh. As you can see, Makosh is placed here at the end of the list, after the sacred dog Simargl. In other sources, she is mentioned along with mermaids, personifying the irrigation of fields with fog (dew) and rain.

Makosh is the most mysterious female deity of the Slavic pantheon. Information about her is fragmentary, brief and contradictory. Such a deity was worshiped not only East Slavs, it was especially revered by the southern and western Slavs. Most often, Makosh was depicted with a characteristic attribute: a cornucopia - a symbol of the fertility of the earth and a good harvest. During the spring ritual holidays, she was offered embroidered towels (ubrus) with the image of a woman with her hands raised to the sky. She's like

Makosh - Mother Earth Cheese

“Mother Earth Cheese feeds everyone, waters everyone, clothes everyone, warms everyone with her warmth,” they say. To the imagination of our ancestors, Mother Earth Cheese seemed to be a living, human-like being. Herbs, flowers, shrubs and trees rising above the ground seemed like her luxuriant hair. Tenacious tree roots replaced veins. The blood of the earth was water seeping from the bowels. “The earth was created like a man,” it was not by chance that people said.

Whoever does not honor the Earth-nurse, she will not give him a good harvest, no water, no sun. Who won't grab a handful native land going to foreign countries, he will never see his homeland again. The cult of the Mother of the Raw patroness of the Earth has long been associated with the image of a female deity

fertility Makosh.

In the peasant beliefs of the Russian North, Makosh was considered the patroness of women's needlework, spinning and weaving. She could afford a lot: to intervene in the work of spinning women if they were not quick enough or dozing at work, she could prohibit spinning in holidays. Makosh remains invisible to working women. Only by the buzzing of the spindle can its presence be detected.

For the patronage of spinning, Makosh is associated with the Christian image of the holy martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa

(from the Greek word "Paraskeva" - Friday), a pious girl who was executed for the Christian faith in the III century. Her name has become the personification of Good Friday - the day when Jesus Christ was crucified. To some extent, the features of the pagan goddess Makosha were transferred to the image of the Christian martyr.

Vigilantly watches Paraskeva for all women's work. The trouble is for the one who decides to work on her sacred day - Friday. The punishment of Paraskeva will be severe. There is also a story about how the offended Paraskeva turned the wicked woman into a frog. Since then, as if the frogs on the ground have gone.

It is not only the patronage of spinning and weaving that unites these two images. Like Makosh, Paraskeva Friday protects family well-being and happiness. Just like Makosh with his mermaids, Paraskeva Pyatnitsa patronizes holy healing springs, wells (“Pyatnitsky springs”). It is no coincidence that the legends about the icons of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa are associated with their miraculous appearance in springs and reservoirs.

Images of Paraskeva on ancient Russian icons have been known since ancient times. She was represented dressed in a red cloak with a cross in her hand - a symbol of martyrdom and the crucifixion of Christ. From the 16th century Paraskeva was sometimes depicted holding a scroll in her hand with a white veil and a martyr's crown on her head. Often she was depicted with other holy wives, especially Anastasia (from the Greek word for "resurrection"). Such icons were perceived simultaneously as the personification of the crucifixion and the Resurrection of Christ.

Mokosh. Makosh. Where does such a strange name come from? What is heard in it? Scientists give several interpretations of the name of this pagan goddess. Here is one of them. Mokosh from words get wet, wet, although a connection with the Slavic root is also possible mokos, that is spinning. And here is another opinion of scientists. The name Makosh is composed of two parts: ma- from words mother And cat, which has two meanings. Kosh- a purse, a basket, that is, a wicker container for storing grain, bread and other products. AND lot, fate. Which of these explanations is the most convincing? Each in its own way conveys the essence of the pagan goddess Makosh.

Questions and tasks

1. Why is Makosh considered the most mysterious female deity of the Slavic pagan pantheon? What can her name and attributes tell about?

2. What confirmation of the connection of Mokosh with the folklore image of the Mother of Raw Earth do we find in the works of oral folk art?

3. Why did Makosh in the Christian era begin to correlate with the image of the holy martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa? What did she traditionally patronize in Russia? What embodiment did her cult find in the works of ancient Russian architecture and icon painting?

creative workshop

1. Why was Makosh depicted on towels for spring rituals with hands raised to the sky? To whom and why could she turn with requests? Like her picture from solar circles around and hands down to the ground can be associated with the famous folklore image of the Mother of the Raw Earth? How would you yourself portray the pagan goddess Makosh on a towel?

2. Get acquainted with some proverbs collected about Friday: “Whoever starts a business on Friday, it will back away”, “On Fridays, men do not plow, but women do not spin”, “Whoever spins on Friday, blinds his holy parents with a veil” . What is the meaning of them? What could they have to do with the goddess Mokosh?

3. Consider one of the icons depicting Paraskeva Pyatnitsa and explain its characteristic attributes.

4. Why in many cities of Rus' (Novgorod, Chernigov, Moscow) erected in honor of this holy church were called Paraskeva Pyatnitsa at the Market? How could you explain that from time immemorial, Friday was considered the market day in Russia? Why was it impossible to work or start any business on this particular day?

5. It is believed that Mokosh in Greek mythology corresponded to the goddess of fate Moira, in whose hands were the sacred threads of human and divine destinies. Such a thread breaks - a person dies, ties into a strong knot - get ready for severe trials. Do you think such comparisons of the goddess Mokosha with Moira are justified? What is the meaning of the expression spin the thread of fate? What relation can it have to the pagan goddess Makoshi? Explain your answer.

Text taken from: Danilov's artistic culture: Eternal images of art. Mythology 5 cells. : textbook for general education. institutions 4th ed., stereotype. M.: Bustard, 2011.