Learning to distinguish between edible mushrooms and inedible twins. Mushrooms - twins Mushrooms twins of porcini mushroom how to distinguish them

Here comes the summer. There are bright June days. On such a bright day, you will enter the refreshing shadow of the forest, and the sharp, slightly sweet, with unique nuances, the smell of mushrooms will literally envelop you. Where is he from? After all, there are still a few mushrooms in the June forest. The fertile smell comes from the mycelium penetrating the forest floor, rotting stumps, fallen tree trunks, boughs and the soil itself. It is warm and damp in the forest, thanks to the abundance of heat and moisture, the mycelium grows especially intensively, gaining strength. But for mushroom pickers, June is also a good time. There is something golden on an old birch stump: a lot of bright yellow mushrooms covered it like a hat. These are summer mushrooms. I found two or three such hemp - and the basket is full. Honey mushrooms are one of the first summer mushrooms. Yes, this is not surprising. The wood of stumps and fallen trunks warms up faster than the soil, and retains spring moisture for quite a long time - and mushrooms appear and grow on it. But take a closer look. Among the yellow-golden, as if water-saturated hats of the summer honey agaric, a hat flashed even brighter, but not golden, but with a reddish tint, a cautiously poisonous false sulfur-yellow honey agaric.

Honey agaric summer

A connoisseur of Russian nature S. T. Aksakov wrote about such dangerous double mushrooms: “It is noteworthy that many species of edible and good mushrooms, as they are sometimes called, have, as it were, accompanying toadstool mushrooms, somewhat similar in formation and color.” Poisons of false mushrooms and cause very serious poisoning. Summer honey agaric sulfur-yellow false honey agaric often grow on the same stumps. The main difference is the plates. In summer, they are yellow-brown, and when the mushroom is completely ripe, they are brown.

False foam gray-yellow

In the sulfur-yellow false foam, they are first greenish, then yellow-green, the color of sulfur, and when the mushroom grows old, they are lilac-brown. The autumn honey agaric, whose reign is in September, and the winter honey agaric, which replaces it in October-November, also have twins. The yellowish-brown caps of these edible mushrooms often acquire a reddish tint, and then they are easy to confuse with the brick-red false foam that appears at the same time. You can distinguish mushrooms again by the plates.

Autumn honey agaric

In edible autumn and winter mushrooms, even in overripe ones, they are always light white, creamy, yellowish. In brick-red false foam, at first they are also light, whitish, but as the mushrooms ripen, they quickly become lilac-brown or even black-olive. And edible mushrooms and false mushrooms usually grow large groups, in each such group you can always find a mature mushroom with clearly colored plates.

False foam brown-red

Along the edges of gardens, on pastures, on the manured soil of gardens and parks, champignons appear in June - ordinary and field. In our middle lane, their poisonous counterparts have not yet grown - the pale grebe and some fly agarics. In June, champignons can be safely harvested. But from July and later, field champignon, which also grows on the edge of the forest, as well as forest champignon, can be easily confused with pale grebe - one of the most dangerous mushrooms. There is no antidote for the poison of the pale grebe.

The sinister glory of the pale grebe as a deadly poisonous mushroom has long been known.

Champignon ordinary

From the time of Ancient Rome, a legend has come down to us that the Roman emperor Claudius was poisoned with a pale toadstool. The emperor liked the delicate taste of the toadstool so much that he managed to issue a decree that only this mushroom should be served at his table. Claudius was probably the only person to report the taste of pale toadstool. Its poisons - phalloidin, phalloin and amanitin are especially insidious. They act slowly. The first signs of poisoning appear only after six to twelve hours, and sometimes even after a day, when the poisons have already penetrated into the blood and managed to act on all the most important organs: hematopoietic, digestive, nervous system and when it is no longer possible to help the victim. That is why it is so important to know well all the signs of this mushroom. Pale grebe belongs to the family of poisonous fly agaric. Fly agaric panther, grebe and smelly appear simultaneously with it. With its grayish-green and whitish-yellowish hat and stem ring, this poisonous family resembles edible champignons. But they are betrayed by the color of the plates. Their plates are always white or slightly creamy, while in mushrooms they are first whitish or dirty pink, and then dark brown or even black-brown from ripening dark-colored spores. In addition, the base of the leg of fly agaric and pale grebe is swollen, and on it is a collar of large scales or warts. Poisonous fly agaric - grebe-shaped and smelly - can still be confused with russula, which have a greenish or grayish hat, since russula and fly agaric have always white plates. You can confuse the fly agaric with edible greenfinch. Here, in order not to be mistaken, you need to carefully examine the leg of the mushroom. A fly agaric must have a ring on it, or at least traces of it and a thickening at the base. The legs of russula and greenfinch without a ring, slender, smooth. We have another good edible growing float mushroom, with which fly agarics are similar. It appears in July - August in glades in various forests. Like many fly agarics, the base of the stem of the float is thickened, but there is no ring on it. The color of the cap is very different: from white to yellow-brown or saffron.

There is one exception among this hostile genus of fly agaric mushrooms. In the southern regions of our country and in the Carpathians, the Caesar mushroom is occasionally found. In the countries of Central and Western Europe there is a lot of it. On the streets of Sofia on Sunday. on an August evening, you can see the townspeople returning from the forests. Mesh bags and transparent bags are full of mushrooms, just looking at them makes you shudder! Bright red-orange "fly agarics" stick out from there, with a thickened leg, only without white scales on the hat. This is the famous royal, or Caesar, mushroom, which was served in ancient Rome only at the table of the emperor and the most noble patricians.

Death cap

In August, when there are quite a lot of porcini mushrooms, it is often found gall fungus, or false white. It is bitter, but is not considered poisonous in the literature. However, the gall fungus, caught in the roast of the whites, my cause serious poisoning. This double of white grows in pine forests in spruce forests, the advantage is on sandy soil, it is common. It is very similar to white in its shape and brown or brownish cap. But it is given out by the color of the tubules, dirty pink, as well as the flesh, turning pink at the break. The porcini mushroom is called so because both the pulp and the tubules are white. Only with age, the tubes turn slightly yellow or green. There is another difference - a mesh pattern on the leg. At white fungus it is white, and in the bile it is black-brown, clearly visible on a light stem. The gall mushroom usually accompanies the white mushroom throughout September. Recently, young raincoats have fallen in love with mushroom pickers. And not in vain! These mushrooms are surprisingly fragrant, although their flesh is less tender. Raincoats are edible as long as they are pure white both inside and out. With age, as they mature, their insides darken, turning into a powder of brown spores. Their twins - false raincoats - are easy to distinguish. Even when young, they are purple-black with white streaks inside and are quite tough. Pick mushrooms with care and only those you know well. It does not matter if there are fewer mushrooms in your basket. The trouble is, if even one poisonous one gets there.

Origin of mushrooms

Scientists suggest that mushrooms originated from primitive flagellar organisms that live in water - flagellates. This was even before the divergence of the main line of living organisms into plants and animals.

Mushrooms are the oldest inhabitants of the Earth. Geological evidence suggests that they are peers of primary fern plants and lungfish. Fungi already existed approximately 413 million years ago during the Devonian period of the Paleozoic era. They "very quickly" adapted to the environment and reached their full development in about 220-240 million years, during the Tertiary period. cenozoic era when a variety of mammals, birds, insects, trees, shrubs, and grasses already lived on Earth.

Along with plants and animals, mushrooms are an independent kingdom of living organisms - this is the point of view of most scientists. The nature of metabolism, the presence of chitin in cell membranes brings fungi closer to animals, however, in terms of nutrition and reproduction, in unlimited growth, they are more akin to plants. To solve the question - what are mushrooms - one of the most interesting tasks of mycology - the science of mushrooms.

Cap mushrooms grow in 3-6 days, die in 10-14 days. But there are also long-livers among them. These are fungi that are part of lichens that live up to 600 years. Woody fruit bodies of tinder fungi live on trees for 10-20 years. As for the mycelium, in most mushrooms it is perennial, as they say, in particular, "witch's rings".

During the period of growth of the fruiting bodies of fungi, the pressure of the contents of the cells on their membrane (turgor pressure) sharply increases. It has been established that the pressure exerted by such elastic cells and tissues on neighboring cells, tissues or on surrounding objects can reach seven atmospheres, which corresponds to the pressure in the tires of a 10-ton dump truck and is more than three times higher than the pressure in the tires of a Zhiguli car . That is why it is often necessary to observe how mushrooms break through asphalt, cement and even concrete or the crust of desert takyrs, which is not inferior in hardness to them.

some mushrooms

Sheep - this is the name of two edible mushrooms from the genus of tinder fungus - branched umbrella. Mushrooms are very large, up to 4-6 kilograms. They consist of numerous hats (from several tens to two or three hundred, and sometimes thousands) sitting on one thick leg. The ram grows at the foot of the trunks of broad-leaved trees in August-September.

Blagushka - forest champignon. It got its name from the word “good”, that is, good, edible. Unlike their relatives - champignon, lovers open spaces- meadows, pastures, steppes, the blessing grows in the forest and often in an unusual place - on anthills! It is assumed that our ants, like tropical ones, feed on its mycelium.

Veselka is a fungus from the group of puffballs or nutweeds, with a strong, unpleasant odor that attracts flies that carry its spores. They also call him "stinky morel" for a folded hat, like a morel's, the record holder for growth rate is five millimeters per minute. Young egg-shaped mushroom, white - edible. The mucous membrane of a young fungus is used in folk medicine for rheumatism ("earth oil"). grows in deciduous forests in July - September.

Oyster mushroom is an edible agaric mushroom that grows on dead wood or weakened deciduous trees. Appears in May, hence - "spring mushroom", "oyster mushroom". In the Caucasus, this mushroom is called "chinariki", probably because it grows there on the trunks of broad-leaved trees, including the eastern plane tree, or plane tree. The fungus has been successfully grown in artificial conditions from a specially prepared mushroom. It can be grown on waste wood throughout the country.

Smooth, spurge - an edible mushroom with abundant milky juice, hence its second name. The reddish-yellow hat is very dense, fleshy, smooth, which is why they called the mushroom - smooth. In salting, it will not yield to camelina. Grows in broad-leaved and mixed forests in August - September.

Mushroom cabbage is an edible fungus from the horned family with a taste of morels and a hazelnut smell. Reminds me of a loose head of cabbage. Grows on soil in pine forests in August - September, is very rare.

We all have heard that there are twins of edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what if you are going to the forest for the first time and do not know how to distinguish edible from poisonous? That is why today we will tell you what real twin mushrooms look like.

And we will talk with you about fly agaric, gall fungi and silverfish. Let's talk about what mushrooms they are most often confused with.

Dangerous to health twin of the porcini fungus

We have all heard about the porcini mushroom, which is considered the standard. For example, mushroom pickers often evaluate their “harvest” by quantity. But, unfortunately, if you are a non-professional, then this species can be easily confused with gall. So let's figure out how we can keep our health.

We have already decided on the name of the dangerous twin of the white fungus. Now let's talk about how to distinguish it from the original. First of all, you need to pay attention to the leg.

If it is evenly covered with a light mesh, then this is most likely a white mushroom. But if the grid is dark and is located only on the upper part of the leg, then you need to look at this instance more carefully. Then, in order to make sure whether the white mushroom is in front of you or not, make a small incision on the leg.

If the pulp remains white a few minutes after the cut, then this is definitely an edible product. But if the flesh has turned pink, then such a “harvest” should be thrown away immediately, since you managed to pluck the gall fungus.

By the way, another double of the porcini fungus is considered satanic. Its distinguishing feature is a reddish mesh throughout the stem and a red tubular layer. And a few minutes after the cut, the flesh can turn dark purple.

Dangerous mushroom double champignon

This species is most often confused with the white fly agaric. And he, as you know, is quite dangerous for our lives.

The differences between champignon and white fly agaric are as follows:

Champignon

1. Egg hat. The pulp has a pleasant smell. After touching, the hat may turn yellow;
2. The plates are pinkish or light red. They can also be dark brown;
3. The leg has a cylindrical shape, expanding closer to the base. Approximately in the middle of the leg is a small white circle with a yellowish coating.

white fly agaric

• The hat at the very top is rounded-conical in shape, closer to the bottom it becomes more prostrate. The pulp of the cap has an unpleasant odor;
• The plates are very loose. Most often there are white color. They can also be light pink;
• The stalk is thin, slightly swollen near the base. The ring on the leg is quite wide with stripes.

If you know about such distinctive features, then the likelihood of consuming a poisonous product will become much less. Now you understand that you need to carefully consider all the mushrooms so that there is no dangerous crop in the basket.

By the way, pale grebes also belong to the white fly agaric family. And a lot can be said about the consequences of poisoning with them. The fact is that all the signs of poisoning with a pale toadstool can appear some time after it is eaten. It is for this reason that people quite often do not even immediately remember what they ate. And, unfortunately, in most cases, they simply do not have time to provide the necessary assistance in case of poisoning. Therefore, when collecting forest beauties, you need to be very careful.

Poisonous mushroom double honey agarics

Mushrooms are also quite popular with gourmets. And most often they are confused with sulfur-yellow false-openets. In fact, these two mushrooms are really similar to each other. Therefore, if you are not one hundred percent sure what you put in the basket useful product it's best not to touch it at all.

False mushrooms are distinguished by a gray-yellow hat with a reddish dot on top. The plates are also gray-yellow or greenish. The leg has the same light yellow color.

Signs of poisoning with false mushrooms doubles

As you already understood, it is not difficult to confuse edible and poisonous mushrooms. Therefore, you need to clearly know what the consequences of poisoning can be. So you can notice all the negative symptoms in time and consult a doctor.

So, the main symptoms of such poisoning include:

• severe nausea and vomiting;
• Significant abdominal pain and diarrhea;
• Heat. Although this symptom is individual, since someone can no longer get out of bed with a temperature of 37 degrees;
• Cold hands and feet.

Fly agaric poisoning has some features. In this case, signs of poisoning such as delirium, the appearance of hallucinations, or the manifestation of a state that may be similar to insanity can be noted.

Similar signs can appear as early as one and a half to two hours after eating a poisoned product. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance. If you have to wait for a doctor for some time, try to lie down constantly and drink plenty of warm water.

So you will prevent the spread of poison to all tissues in the body.

By the way, there is a risk of poisoning and edible mushrooms. But this can only happen if you wash them poorly. The fact is that the soil may contain spore-bearing rods, which are the causative agents of such a serious disease as botulism. Symptoms of such a disease are complete or partial visual impairment, headache, convulsions, or difficulty breathing.

If you notice at least two of all these symptoms, then you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, the consequences can be very negative.

As you can see, such gifts of the forest can significantly spoil our lives. And with an unfavorable development of events, such poisoning can be fatal. Therefore, before eating a mushroom, be sure to make sure that it is non-poisonous.

If you don’t have such confidence, then you should show your “harvest” to knowledgeable people or throw it away from sin. Be healthy!

"False" are called poisonous mushrooms, which outwardly are very similar to edible counterparts. Dangerous "twins" are sometimes difficult to distinguish even for experienced mushroom pickers.

Common champignon has many types, and most of them are eaten. It is very difficult to remember the features of each, so lovers of "silent hunting" are often guided by common signs. This can provoke poisoning: among the Agaric (Champignon) family there are species that are harmful to human health.

Industrial cultivation allows you to enjoy the taste of the product without harm to health, but the number of poisonings with false champignons, which are "disguised" as edible specimens, does not decrease. People are attracted by "silent hunting" and the opportunity to save on the purchase of mushrooms. Besides, each separate view has its own flavor: you will not find it in a standard product from store shelves.

Most often, such representatives of the Agaric family are taken for edible specimens:

• Agaricus xanthodermus.
• Agaricus meleagris.
• Agaricus californicus.

Typical examples of false champignons are shown in the photo.

A number of features will help distinguish such specimens from edible ones. On the hat poisonous double there is a speck of brown color, which is located in the center. If you press on it, light yellow spots will appear. But this method is not guaranteed, so it is best used in tandem with other features.

When broken, the pulp of false forest and field champignons begins to turn yellow and smells unpleasantly of carbolic acid, and during cooking, the water and the mushrooms themselves become bright yellow for a short time, but this color quickly disappears. Prolonged heat treatment will not be able to rid the product of toxins.

Take a look at the photo and study the description of the appearance of false forest champignons.

The color of the cap and its shape may change under the influence of environment, therefore, special attention is paid to the pulp, its smell, shade and changes during cooking.

Another mushroom that masquerades as edible is the pale grebe. Outwardly, it resembles a champignon, while it does not have a smell by which it could be recognized. There are volvas (root sacs) at the base of the toadstool, but people don't always notice them. If there is the slightest doubt about the suitability of the mushroom, it is worth breaking the pulp and seeing if it turns yellow, and then check the change in color of the water during cooking. This is one of the most accurate and proven ways to distinguish real edible champignons from false ones.

You can only confuse the “young” pale grebe: over time, bulges will appear on its hat, it will become smooth, and the fringe will sag. The toadstool appears from the first half of June, the peak of its growth falls on August. The height of the toadstool can reach 20-25 cm, and the diameter of the cap does not exceed 15 cm.

Inexperienced mushroom pickers may mistake one of the light mushrooms for good mushrooms. In this case, the unpleasant smell that the pulp has will save from poisoning.

If you do not know what poisonous false mushrooms look like, look at the photo: these are common mushrooms that are often mistaken for edible ones.

Real champignons: places of distribution and distinctive features

To understand how to distinguish edible champignon from false champignon, you need to know their distinctive features, places where they are common and the time of their growth.

"Correct" mushrooms can be found in shady flower beds, along roadsides, in beds. Two-spored (Agaricus bisporus) and two-ringed (Agaricus bitorquis) champignons usually grow there. Garden varieties are characterized by light shades - from white to grayish and light cream. The cap of the two-ringed fungus opens even in the upper layer of the soil, so the leaves or humus covering it can affect the color.

Common (Agaricus campestris) and large-spore (Agaricus macrosporus) species of fungus can be found in the steppe, in fields and meadows. Poisonous representatives of the Agariaceae family are rarely found here.

A field species (Agaricus arvensis) grows in plantings near trees, which is harvested from mid-May to late September.

Compare the photo of the real and the image of the false champignon: the difference is not always visible.

Forest moisture and shade are excellent conditions for the development of species such as coppice, dark red, forest and August champignons. They appear in early July and grow until October. Their peculiarity is that after cutting, young mushrooms appear in the same place in 10-15 days.

But it is forest false mushrooms that are most often found in the forest - look at the photo how they look.

But poisonous specimens can be found even in places of growth uncharacteristic for this species, so you need to be extremely careful.

Food poisoning from false mushrooms

Even proven mushrooms can cause poisoning if they are collected in the wrong place. These are roadsides, areas near industrial facilities, landfills. Mushrooms, like a sponge, absorb toxic substances, including carcinogens.

After studying the description of the places of growth of the false forest champignon, view the photo of this specimen in natural conditions.

Even when picking well-known mushrooms, there is a risk of putting a toxic specimen in the basket. After all, in addition to the usual red fly agaric or conditional grebes, in the forest you can find poisonous or simply inedible mushrooms very similar to edible. In some cases, a mistake can cost a life, so you should carefully examine everything that you put in a basket. What to look for and where to expect a dirty trick? We have made a selection of common dangerous doubles

Summer mushrooms - bordered galerina - sulfur-yellow false honey agaric

Summer mushrooms.

Summer honey agaric is probably not as popular as autumn, but it also has its admirers. And they should take note that this mushroom has a very dangerous double - a bordered gallery. What are the differences? Firstly, summer honey agaric bears fruit in large clusters. In turn, the galerina, even if it grows in groups, usually grows together no more than 2-3 mushrooms. Secondly, the leg: in the honey agaric, the lower part is scaly, in the twin, it is fibrous. In general, honey mushrooms are larger: their hat can reach up to 6 cm in diameter, in the gallery - more often up to 3 cm. If there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to refuse the find. Galerina fringed is deadly poisonous!

The gallery is bordered.

False foam is sulfur-yellow.

Another twin of the summer honey agaric is a sulfur-yellow false honey agaric. Unlike the edible one, this specimen does not have a ring. There are also differences in smell: an edible mushroom emits a pleasant mushroom aroma, while a false one has a more subdued smell. Sulphur-yellow false foam is not as poisonous as bordered galerina, but the consequences are also unpleasant: its use can cause abdominal cramps and mild poisoning.

Champignon - pale grebe (white)

Champignon.

Death cap.

The key difference between champignon and poisonous twin is the color of the plates on the bottom of the cap. If in a pale grebe they are always white, then in an edible mushroom they are pink, and turn brown with age. At first glance, it is simple, but in practice it is not so easy to objectively determine the color, especially in a young mushroom: experience, lighting, and color perception are important here. The rule is the same: if in doubt, it is better to refuse to collect small, separately growing champignons. Eating a pale toadstool can cost your life!

Green russula - pale grebe (greenish gray)

Green russula.

Death cap.

To distinguish the russula from the pale grebe, you need to pay attention to the leg. Firstly, in a toxic fungus, it noticeably thickens downwards and has a well-defined volva - a membranous wrapper in the lower part of the stem, which is formed as a result of a rupture of the protective sac from which the mushroom grew. In young toadstools, this bag may still be intact - then there will be a tuber at the base. Secondly, the pale grebe has a ring at the top of the leg, which you will not find in the green russula.

Chanterelle real - chanterelle false

The fox is real.

Fox is false.

These mushrooms are similar only at first glance. There are several criteria. The double has a brighter color, the mushroom is bright orange or orange with a brown tint, and it is always lighter along the edge than in the center. True chanterelle color ranges from light yellow to yellow-orange, and the cap is evenly colored. The shape of the hat also matters. The false edges are even, neatly rounded, the real edges are wavy, almost always irregular shape. The plates of a real chanterelle are dense, thick, they go down the stem of the mushroom, becoming part of it. In the false one, they are thinner and more frequent, they also descend along the stem of the mushroom, but do not pass into it.

An error in this case is unlikely to result in death: false chanterelles- not an edible mushroom, but does not cause serious poisoning. Still, you should not lose your vigilance.

White mushroom - gall fungus (gorchak)

Porcini.

Bile mushroom.

In principle, it is not difficult to distinguish the double of the king of the mushroom kingdom from a real white mushroom. First, pay attention to the leg. The gall fungus has a pattern in the form of a dense brown mesh on it. Some types of mushrooms also have it, but it is thinner and always white. Secondly, the pulp of the gall fungus darkens when cut, becoming pinkish-brown. This does not happen with white fungus. Thirdly, pay attention to the tubular layer: in a young mustard it is white, in an adult fungus it is pinkish or dirty pink, in a mushroom it is white, yellowish or greenish.

The gall fungus is inedible, although not poisonous. The reason for the inedibility is in the strong bitterness, which cannot be removed even with prolonged cooking. Therefore, one of its names is “gorchak”.

Tales for adults

It is unlikely that any question has generated as many myths as the definition of the toxicity of mushrooms.

There are many popular “tests”! For example, supposedly worms and snails do not touch toxic mushrooms. Or - milk will curdle if you throw a poisonous mushroom into it. Another fiction: onions or garlic will turn brown when cooked, and silver will turn black if poison is wormed into the pan.

Leading Specialist of the Laboratory of Mycology of the Institute of Experimental Botany named after V.F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences Olga Gapienko emphasizes: “Typical signs of poisonousness of mushrooms do not exist! Take even smell and taste. A classic example: the pale toadstool smells good and tastes sweet. Veselka smells bad, but it's not poisonous. So there are no methods, only the knowledge of mushrooms.”

Smartphone to the rescue

What apps are right for you

Mushrooms of Belarus

This program is, in fact, a handy automated reference. All mushrooms are divided into 6 categories: edible - well-known, little-known and conditionally edible, inedible - little-known and poisonous plus with unknown properties. For each mushroom - photo and detailed description. How can such a program help? For example, you found a mushroom - by all indications it seems to be white, but the color of the cap is unusual. Go to the application, and here there are 6 types of them. Choose the most suitable one from the photo and compare the information with what you see in front of you: do all the signs match? If nothing is in doubt, feel free to put the mushroom in a basket.

Ecoguide: mushrooms

The application consists of three parts: an encyclopedia atlas, a textbook and, most interestingly, a guide to mushrooms. Let's take a closer look at the last one. The program allows you to find out what kind of mushroom you are holding in your hands. To do this, you need to enter a number of external morphological features - the shape of the fruiting body, the parameters of the cap, legs, and so on, a total of 22 points. One of the obvious advantages of the application is that you can work with it without an Internet connection. Minus, however, justified - the program is paid. It costs $3.99 on Google Market.

I'm going home

The application has nothing to do directly with the search for mushrooms, but it will help you get out of the forest if you are carried away by a quiet hunt and you don’t know how to go back. To do this, you need to open the program at home, turn on GPS and wait until the application receives the coordinates of your location. Save this data, after which you can close the program and even turn off the phone. When you decide to return home from the forest, open the application and click the "Let's go home" button. With the help of voice prompts, the program will take you to the desired point. But keep in mind: it does not see the terrain and forms the shortest route without taking into account obstacles. So this option is better to use as a spare - in case you fail to catch a connection and use online navigators.

Along with edible mushrooms, poisonous ones also grow in the forest. Some of them are very different from their edible counterparts, they end up in the baskets of mushroom pickers only by a ridiculous mistake. However, there are others. The so-called false mushrooms can perfectly copy according to appearance edible varieties but be poisonous.

Each mushroom picker must know exactly which mushrooms have false twins. How to distinguish edible fruiting bodies from false. To learn this, it is necessary to consider the most insidious varieties that mimic noble breeds.

Seventh place - false waves

These mushrooms are classified as false mushrooms or false mushrooms, outwardly they can resemble both. In the people they are called whites, they are classified as conditionally edible. They need to be able to cook properly, pre-soaking and boiling. If this need is neglected, there is a risk of poisoning, which will be expressed as a moderate gastrointestinal disorder. The milky is sluggish, the milky is prickly - they can all be confused with waves.

Sixth place - false pigs

Real pigs, they are also mulleins, are not collected by all mushroom pickers, although some value them highly. The mushroom is suitable for frying and salting, has a slightly sour taste. There are several varieties of this fungus that are similar to each other, one of them is poisonous - this is the alder pig. She has a thin leg, while edible species This mushroom has a thick stem.

Fifth place - false values

Valui are amber-colored mushrooms covered with a mucous membrane. Initially, they are rounded, then, as they grow, the hat opens up and becomes flat. They are harvested for further salting, in many regions they are considered a delicacy. However, this mushroom has a dangerous false counterpart - the so-called horseradish mushroom, which smells like horseradish.

The stem of this mushroom is covered with scales. Coal-loving Gebeloma is another dangerous double with a sharp bitterness in taste. This mushroom is also amber in color, slimy, but does not have a specific rounded shape of the valuu, as well as its large size.

Fourth place - false mushrooms

False mushrooms are a slightly toxic mushroom, but if you eat a large portion, it is quite possible to get poisoned. Like volnushki, mushrooms are confused with milkers, especially with gray-pink ones, which just often live in the same place where mushrooms grow, because they need similar conditions. Grey-pink milky can be dangerous. To distinguish this mushroom, just press on it. A whitish juice with an unpleasant odor comes out of the milky.

Third place - false chanterelles

Chanterelles are exclusively useful mushrooms, which delight not only with an abundance of protein, useful substances, but also with its special properties. They are even taken abroad, as it is believed that they remove radioactive substances from the body, help in the fight against cancer, and have antiseptic properties. On top of all that, they just taste good. Therefore, mushroom pickers are always happy to see a clearing of these beautiful mushrooms. But the meal can end badly, because this type of mushroom has a false double, which is poisonous.

The talker prefers to live not in the fallen leaves of birch groves, like a real fox, but on stumps and deadwood. While chanterelles live in families, this fungus is often found alone. But even one mushroom will be enough to get all the signs of acute poisoning.

The false chanterelle has a brighter color, while the real one is muted. The real one has wavy edges, often uneven, while the fake one is proportionately folded. If you press on a real fox, a bright spot will come out. A false one will not give any trace. In addition, it has an unpleasant odor. Experienced mushroom pickers generally advise to pay attention to the smell of mushrooms more often, to refuse unpleasantly smelling fruiting bodies.

Second place - false mushrooms

Honey mushrooms are also very popular, they have an excellent taste, are suitable for harvesting for the winter, and are perfectly stored. This mushroom is versatile and easy to pick. He has a dangerous double that is important to avoid. The false honey agaric does not have a membrane that remains on the leg of the real one.

The real one has a pleasant smell, while the inedible one has an earthy, not very attractive smell. The plates under the hat in real individuals are lighter, and there are scales on top. False mushrooms have more bright color than real ones - everything is the same here as with chanterelles.

The most insidious twin mushrooms

The most insidious double mushrooms are false champignons. In general, champignon is a very attractive mushroom, rich in protein, versatile in cooking. You can even eat it raw! But only if we are talking about real champignon.

Champignons are represented by many varieties, each of which has its own taste, aroma, which attracts mushroom pickers who do not want to eat the same type from the store. In addition, in the forest they grow for free. Therefore, every season, thousands of people go in search of wild mushrooms. But even among the varieties of champignon there are inedible, dangerous to health, not to mention the pale grebe, which also has similarities with this mushroom. If a person goes specifically for champignons, he must know exactly their distinctive features.

A real mushroom will not turn yellow on the cut, its smell will be pleasant and recognizable. A yellowing cut is a sign of a poisonous variety. A sharp unpleasant odor is an indicator that the mushroom picker found a white fly agaric. It is also a poisonous mushroom.

When picking mushrooms, you should be careful and vigilant. If it seems to you that the found fruiting bodies are at least somewhat suspicious, you should refuse to collect them, or consult with knowledgeable people. It is not worth the risk, because false mushrooms pose a serious danger, it is advisable to avoid them.

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