Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults. Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children and adults, causes and treatment, drugs

Often, patients who are diagnosed with hemorrhagic vasculitis turn to doctors. It is accompanied by a varied clinical picture and can lead to various unpleasant consequences. The disease can appear regardless of age, but children under three very rarely get it. The pathology mainly occurs in children aged 4-12 years. IN this disease will be discussed in this article.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis: what kind of disease is it, photo

What is it Vasculitis, photo, symptoms, treatment this disease? Hemorrhagic vasculitis is a pathology that affects the capillaries of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Therapy for this disease is carried out comprehensively. How to treat the disease?

Which are presented below, is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. He prescribes medications, physiotherapeutic procedures, massage, hydrotherapy, and physical therapy.

Treatment for adults and children is practically the same. During the course of the disease, a specialist can recommend different procedures and change the treatment plan, taking into account the patient’s condition.

Vasculitis: symptoms and causes

Before you figure out what it is Vasculitis, photo, symptoms, treatment of this disease, one should understand what are the causes of this pathology? No doctor can say exactly what was the result of vasculitis, since the reasons have not been precisely established. Experts attribute this disease to several factors. So, a person who has had:

• infectious pathologies, especially if these were acute or chronic inflammatory processes developing in the upper respiratory tract, or measles, chicken pox, streptococcal diseases;
• injuries and other damage to the skin and blood vessels;
• damage from a high dose of solar radiation, radiation;
• allergies to medications, foods, insect bites;
• intoxication;
• helminthic infestations;
• changes in the body due to the development of neoplasms that have a malignant or benign course;
• changes in the female body during pregnancy;
• disruptions in the metabolic process in the event of the development of endocrine pathologies;
• heredity.

If hemorrhagic vasculitis occurs in adults, it is most often in old age, when the protective mechanism of the immune system is weakened.

The symptoms of this disease occur unexpectedly; no preliminary signs are observed. Gradually, the manifestations begin to be expressed more clearly. In most cases, the patient’s body temperature rises, their general condition worsens, weakness and headaches occur. These symptoms are considered signs of intoxication. But it is impossible to make a diagnosis with them, since many diseases occur this way.

The most pronounced symptom is. It can be localized on the feet, buttocks, legs, and rarely on the stomach, arms, and back. , palms, neck does not appear at all, which the doctor takes into account in the differential examination method.

Rashes can appear in different forms:

• small blisters with a red tint;
• papules that become pale when pressed;
• reddish papules located on the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx;
• nodules with a purple color;
• small bruises.

In diameter and other parts of the body it can reach 1 cm. Manifestations last up to 4 days, after which they become pale and gradually disappear altogether. After a week, the patient can expect a recurrence of the rash.

In the earliest stage of pathology, it looks like a small one, which is located on the legs and upper area stop.

Together with skin manifestations, patients are worried about severe itching, swelling of the lips, eyelids, perineum. When palpated, the rash causes pain. After it disappears, pigment spots remain on the body, which peel off during a relapse.

Symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis also include damage to internal organs and joints. The patient may experience pain during physical activity, swelling, and redness of the body. There is no disruption of the structure of the joints, but the pain syndrome can last for several hours.

There are also disruptions in the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifest themselves in the form of cramping pain in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, and bloody discharge in the stool resulting from bleeding from the intestinal mucosa.

If treatment of the disease is not carried out on time, the pathology can cause severe vomiting, loose stools with blood, which appear due to bleeding in the stomach or intestines. Blood discharge is not particularly dangerous; it occurs in almost half of patients.

Among other things, there is an anemic disease syndrome

It is expressed by the fact that the patient’s level of hemoglobin and red blood cells decreases. The patient complains of dizziness, general malaise, noise in the head, fainting, tachycardia.

The danger of vaculitis is that renal dysfunction may occur. This consequence occurs in many people who notice bloody discharge in the urine, as well as an acute form of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Typically, these symptoms appear 1–3 weeks after the rash appears.

In a relationship respiratory system malfunctions may also occur due to which the patient suffers from coughing and shortness of breath. In addition, there may be bloody discharge in the sputum. Also, the symptoms of vaculitis include disorders of the nervous system, which can lead to negative complications. The patient may experience symptoms similar to those of meningitis and encephalitis. For example, a person suffers from severe headaches, loss of coordination, and tormented by convulsions.

Must be treated immediately, as negative consequences may occur. After all, this disease can cause dangerous disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system and kidneys. As for the gastrointestinal tract, intense bleeding may occur, which can then develop into peritonitis, which can be fatal.

If consequences touch the kidneys, glomerulonephritis may develop. In most cases, it does not cause any clinical signs, so the patient does not feel it. However, this consequence significantly worsens the quality of kidney activity, as a result of which renal failure may develop.

Treatment of vasculitis symptoms, photo can be seen below, it is carried out in a hospital, because it is impossible to control the course of the disease at home. The child's condition may deteriorate significantly if any complications manifest themselves. Usually, bed rest for three weeks is required, as well as dietary nutrition.

Medication treatment includes the use of sorbents, antiallergenic drugs, anticoagulants, and disaggregants. A plasmapheresis procedure is also necessary. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics, corticosteroids, and other strong medications.

Parents should be well aware that under no circumstances should they treat their children for vasculitis on their own at home. At the first clinical signs, you must immediately consult a doctor, otherwise the consequences can be disastrous.

Vasculitis in adults: treatment

If the abdominal form is observed in adults, then intravenous nutrition is necessary. Doctors recommend taking medicines, which prevent vomiting, as well as drugs that can relieve the patient of pain.

If the patient notices blood discharge during bowel movements, then doctors recommend such remedies as Heparin and antiaggregants. Medicines are also used that are aimed at avoiding the occurrence of an allergic reaction. Immunosuppressants are used to activate the immune system. It is mandatory to prescribe a medicine such as Prednisolone.

As the disease progresses, patients are given plasma transfusions.. Also recommend plasmapheresis. must be treated in a hospital to prevent the pathology from becoming a chronic type of disease.

Vasculitis on the legs: treatment

In order to cure, many different remedies are used, both traditional and traditional medicine. During therapy, the most effective drugs are used: ointments, How Solcoseryl, which allows you to speed up the regeneration process, and Iruksol, helping to cleanse skin ulcers in areas where blood vessels are affected.

In combination with by medication treatment, the patient must perform exercises every day " Bike" And " Scissors" This improves blood circulation in the legs. You should also do a soft stroking massage, which will speed up the healing process, and engage in hydrotherapy.

You can also carry out treatment folk remedies . However, before choosing one or another remedy, you should definitely consult with your doctor. After all, some of the components used in them can cause an allergic reaction. Herbs allow you to cope with the inflammatory process in the body, strengthen the immune system, and get rid of pain.

The most common medications are the following:

• Collect horsetail and elder flowers 60 g each, mint and yarrow 40 g each. Mix the herbs, measure 60 g, pour 500 ml of hot water, boil, leave for 12 hours. Drink 100 g 5 times a day. You can also apply this infusion to the damaged area for 20 minutes.
• Make a mixture of mountain arnica, calendula and Japanese sophora. Pour 10 g of herbs into 200 ml of boiled water, leave for 3 hours, strain and consume 20 ml every 8 hours.
• Prepare an alcohol tincture from 3 crushed lemons mixed with 5 teaspoons of cloves, 400 g of sugar and 500 ml of alcohol. Leave the liquid in a dark place for two weeks. You need to drink 20 ml 4 times a day before meals.
• Make an ointment from 200 g of birch buds, ground to a powder and mixed with 1 kg of nutria fat. Then put the mixture in the oven for 3 hours, repeat this for a week, strain and use for local treatment of the affected areas.

Besides everything else, with vasculitis, it is important to cleanse the intestines. This can be done using an infusion, for the preparation of which you need 40 g of a mixture of the same amount of elecampane, tansy, immortelle, wormwood, pour 1 liter of hot water. Leave to brew for 2 hours, strain. You need to drink the infusion on an empty stomach, mixing equal proportions of the product and plain water, 2 times a day.

In addition, blood purification is necessary, for which bergenia is used. This is done with the help of an infusion, which is prepared from dried leaves of the herb, filled with boiled water. The medicine should be left to steep overnight, strain and drink 100 ml per day on an empty stomach.

Rash photo

In the treatment of this pathology, dietary nutrition plays an important role. Among many fruits, people suffering from vasculitis are best to consume green varieties of apples. However, at first they can only be eaten baked. After two to three weeks, you can gradually begin to eat them fresh.

Also among fruit You can choose bananas and pears, which will bring many benefits to the body. At the same time, you should know that you should not eat a lot of pears, as this can lead to malfunctions of the digestive system. These fruits are considered quite difficult for normal absorption by the body.

It is forbidden consume no products from the family citrus. Also, you should not eat currants, strawberries, or persimmons. Fruits that are red in color can greatly harm the patient. In addition, you should avoid using pineapples, apricots, peaches and mangoes.

Prohibited eat fruits such as carrots, tomatoes, beets, red peppers, cucumbers. These products have an adverse effect on the patient. You can eat green peppers, zucchini, potatoes, cauliflower. Vegetables are best stewed or steamed.

Experts prohibit eating eggs, as well as any products that contain them. For example, you should not eat pasta, dishes with dough containing a large number of eggs

Therefore, you will also have to give up mayonnaise.

The patient’s diet should not include dairy products such as milk, fruit yoghurts, ice cream, any cheeses, or cottage cheese. It is advisable to give preference to various kefirs and yoghurts that do not have any additives.

Allowed to eat cottage cheese pastries, fermented baked milk and yogurt. If the patient likes porridge, then their preparation should be carried out in water, you can add a little butter or cream.

As for meat, you can eat rabbit, turkey, beef and lamb. The main thing is that it does not have high fat content. Chicken products need to be completely removed from your daily diet. You should also not eat pork, ham or any type of sausage.

Having considered what it is Vasculitis, photo, symptoms, treatment this disease, we can conclude that the disease is dangerous. After all, it can lead to negative consequences that sometimes simply cannot be cured. In this regard, if clinical signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Only timely diagnosis and treatment of pathology will help to quickly cope with vasculitis and avoid complications.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis or Henoch-Schönlein disease is a common type of vasculitis in which inflammatory damage to microvessels occurs, as well as their microthrombotic formation.

According to statistics, about 14 people out of 100,000 suffer from hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Most often, this disease affects the vessels of the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and skin. With cutaneous hemorrhagic vasculitis, patients develop a characteristic rash. That is why this pathology is also called allergic hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis affects patients of different ages, however, it is less common in children under 3 years of age. The main percentage of patients are children and adolescents aged 4-20 years (about 40% of all patients). It is noteworthy that hemorrhagic vasculitis affects more often males (patient ratio 2:1). As a rule, the peak incidence occurs in the spring.

The ICD 10 code for hemorrhagic vasculitis is D65-D69. This means that it belongs to the group of diseases coded D69, that is, it has signs of allergic purpura. At the same time, D65 indicates the presence of intravascular pathologies in which blood clotting occurs.

Pathogenesis and causes of pathology

The causative agents of Schleimann-Henoch disease are streptococci, mycoplasmas, and respiratory infections.

That is why the disease most often begins to show its first symptoms a week to a month after suffering severe infectious diseases.

However, the cause of the disease can be not only infections. Often the impetus for the development of the disease is hypothermia, the use of low-quality vaccines or inappropriate medications, allergic reactions, as well as insect bites or burns. The causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults may be the use of certain antibacterial drugs, especially the penicillin group.

The cause of a disease such as hemorrhagic vasculitis may be a violation of the patient’s immunity. It has been noticed that people prone to various manifestations of allergic reactions suffer from Henoch-Schönlein disease somewhat more often. Thus, the immune system of some patients activates the compliment system, which ultimately begins to attack the blood vessels of its own body. Immune cells can also invade the walls of affected vessels. As a result, blood clotting occurs and, as a result, thrombus formation. Since the walls of the vessels lose their integrity, the blood in them begins to leak out. This explains the formation of red spots in cutaneous hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults is often combined with metabolic disorders. A woman's pregnancy can also become a provoking factor in the development of the disease. This is due to the fact that the patient’s body during this period is easily influenced by various unfavorable external factors. Hemorrhagic vasculitis during pregnancy can be accompanied by placental abruption, oxygen starvation and fetal underdevelopment.

Which doctor treats hemorrhagic vasculitis?

When the first symptoms of the disease occur, the patient should contact his local physician as soon as possible. And although he does not treat this disease, he can refer the patient to the specialist who is needed. As a rule, see a rheumatologist - a doctor who treats rheumatic diseases. These include various pathologies of connective tissues and joints, characterized by an autoimmune nature. This group of diseases also includes hemorrhagic vasculitis. In some cases, to prescribe the correct treatment, it may be necessary to consult specialists in narrower fields, for example, a nephrologist or surgeon. Only after this the patient will be given an accurate diagnosis, the correct treatment will be prescribed and a diet will be recommended.

Types of hemorrhagic vasculitis

According to the nature of the clinical course, hemorrhagic vasculitis is divided into acute (as a rule, it occurs in the first stages of the disease or at times of exacerbation) and in the subsiding phase (the period when the patient’s well-being improves).

Based on the severity, Henoch's Schönlein disease is:

• mild degree. In this case, the patient is in a relatively satisfactory condition. He has a small amount of rash and mild joint pain;
• medium degree. The patient has a profuse rash, joint pain is often combined with arthritis, sometimes there is discomfort in the abdominal cavity, and there may be blood in the urine;
• severe. On the patient’s body there are multiple rashes with areas of necrosis, Quincke’s edema occurs, the protein-lipid complex is disrupted as a result of kidney damage, there is blood in the urine, and bleeding occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, the kidneys may stop performing their functions.

According to the duration of the disease, it is divided into: acute (less than 2 months), prolonged (about 6 months) and chronic.

Based on what type of organs the disease affects, the forms of hemorrhagic vasculitis can be as follows:

• hemorrhagic vasculitis of the skin - the disease affects exclusively the skin. Most often, the skin form of the disease develops due to hereditary predisposition, infection and allergies;
• cutaneous-articular form of hemorrhagic vasculitis - in addition to the skin, joints are also affected, and, as a rule, large ones (for example, the knees). It is noteworthy that doctors more often diagnose hemorrhagic vasculitis of the legs, which is often accompanied by swelling;
• hemorrhagic vasculitis of the abdominal form - the disease affects the skin and gastrointestinal tract. With this form, patients may complain of abdominal discomfort;
• renal – the disease affects the kidneys. With this type of pathology, skin rashes almost never occur.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children

Unlike adults, hemorrhagic vasculitis in children occurs more often without the presence of rashes on the skin (in 50% of cases). In adults, this figure is 30%. In pediatric patients, the disease begins with damage to the digestive organs and joints.

Kidney damage in them is quite rare, occurs in a mild form, and organ function is quickly restored after recovery. The heart with this pathology in children also suffers much less frequently than in adults.

Based on this, it becomes clear that the prognosis of the disease in children is quite favorable, especially with timely diagnosis, proper treatment and preventing the transition of the disease from the acute to the chronic stage. However, based on the fact that the exact causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis have not yet been clarified, even after recovery, such children require a lifelong protective regime.

Forecast and consequences

Hemorrhagic vasculitis of the cutaneous form does not pose a threat to the patient's life. With timely diagnosis and treatment, 50% of patients are successfully cured. In other patients, doctors achieve remission, which, unfortunately, from time to time can turn into an acute form.

In general, the prognosis of the disease largely depends on the form of the pathology, its causes and the nature of its course.

The chronic form of the disease with periodic exacerbations of symptoms and minimal kidney damage has one of the most favorable prognoses. However, if untreated, the consequence of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults may be impaired kidney function. As a result, the patient will have to undergo medical procedures to cleanse the blood throughout his life. In severe forms of cutaneous-abdominal hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is difficult to predict the outcome of the disease.

Among the main consequences of hemorrhagic vasculitis are:

• inflammatory damage to the abdominal organs;
• chronic kidney diseases, characterized by a disorder of their functions for a period of 3 months or more;
• obstruction of intestinal patency, death of some parts of internal organs;
• decrease in hemoglobin;
• dysfunction of internal organs and systems.

Patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis are not drafted into the army. Usually they are given a military ID and sent to the reserve.

Symptoms

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is a rather rare disease. It affects blood vessels and capillaries and belongs to the category of infectious-allergic vascular diseases. Depending on the form and complexity of the disease, symptoms may vary slightly.

The acute course of vasculitis is characterized by the manifestation of all (or almost all) symptoms simultaneously. Particularly noteworthy is the so-called fulminant course of the disease. In this case, you need to seek qualified medical advice as soon as possible. emergency care in intensive care conditions. Otherwise, the patient risks dying due to renal failure, just a few hours after the onset of symptoms.

But usually the course of the disease is not so rapid, and the symptoms of the disease appear over some time (for example, weeks). This doesn't mean you shouldn't react as soon as you notice these signs of illness. You should immediately seek help from specialists. Symptoms appear gradually and may even disappear, but this does not mean that the disease has receded.

Regardless of the complexity and transience of vasculitis, the following symptoms appear in adults:

• Skin rash due to vasculitis. Often, the manifestation of symptoms begins with the appearance of a rash or, rather, small hemorrhages in the area of ​​​​the legs and feet. Over time, the rashes rise higher and affect areas on the hips and buttocks, and areas around the joints. In rare cases, the rash also appears on the abdomen and lower back. Visually, the rashes look like small red bubbles that do not disappear even after pressure. The rash can be of different intensity: both small individual spots and extensive formations that merge with each other. Over time, such spots will turn into age spots.
• Some patients experience an increase in temperature to 38-39°C, the patient's condition is characterized by lethargy, there is a feeling of fatigue and heaviness. It is better to offer the patient to lie down and try to rest. Do not disturb the patient until the doctor arrives.
• Itching on the skin. In half of cases of hemorrhagic vasculitis, symptoms include itching. It often begins when small ulcers appear at the site of the rash, which are formed as a result of tissue necrosis at the site of the rash.
• A characteristic symptom with hemorrhagic vasculitis there is pain in the joints. It often appears in the first stages of the disease. Pain appears in the large joints of the kneecaps or hip joints. Sometimes inflamed joints swell and even change their shape slightly. After a few days, the swelling goes away on its own, the pain stops, and the function of the joint returns to normal.
• Pain in the abdominal area. It appears due to gastrointestinal hemorrhages. Quite often, this symptom appears along with other symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults. The pain resembles contractions and decreases when taking a knee-elbow position. Sometimes vomiting and loose stools mixed with blood or mucus are added to the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis. But after a few days, the symptoms of acute pain will go away on their own.
• Kidney damage is one of the most important and dangerous symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis. The patient develops aching pain in the lower back, the face and hands swell, and the temperature rises. Sometimes small amounts of blood appear in the urine. The patient feels constant weakness and apathy, the face turns pale, and there is a constant lack of appetite. These symptoms must be taken especially carefully, because in hemorrhagic vasculitis they lead to the development of renal failure, which, in turn, can lead to death.

In addition to the generally accepted symptoms described above, individual ones may also appear, these include:

• Headache and migraines;
• Dizziness;
• Memory impairment;
• Absent-mindedness;
• Irritability.

All of them indicate disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system. Lung lesions are also diagnosed, which are manifested by a severe cough with expectoration of blood mucus and shortness of breath. Sometimes men feel pain and swelling in the testicle area.

Symptoms in children

Unfortunately, not only adults, but also children are affected by this disease. However, the symptoms in children are somewhat different. Remember that self-medication only leads to worsening of the disease. You should definitely visit a pediatrician to determine an accurate diagnosis and choose treatment for your child.

With hemorrhagic vasculitis, depending on the nature of the symptoms, the following syndromes are distinguished:

• Cutaneous
• Articular
• Renal
• Abdominal
• Malignant with lightning-fast progression.

They can all perform in teams with several others, or on their own. With hemorrhagic vasculitis, vascular damage is observed in any area, including the lungs, kidneys, brain and its membranes.

Let's take a closer look at hemorrhagic vasculitis and its symptoms in children:

• Skin syndrome. This symptom is more common than others. The rash most often affects the legs, buttocks, and less often the lower back and abdomen. It looks like bloody pimples, sometimes (in a more severe form) it becomes crusted and takes the form of small ulcers. Even after the disease is cured, noticeable pigmentation remains at the site of the rash.
• Joint syndrome. It appears along with the rash or a short time after its appearance and is characterized by pain of varying intensity in the area of ​​large joints. Most often in children, the pain goes away fairly quickly, but can recur during a second rash.
• Abdominal syndrome with hemorrhagic vasculitis is observed quite often (in approximately 65% ​​of sick children). Abdominal syndrome often precedes rash and other symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis, which makes diagnosing the disease quite difficult. Abdominal pain is cramping and often very severe. It is caused by hemorrhages in the intestinal wall, bloody vomiting or defecation with blood impurities is possible. With heavy bleeding, loss of consciousness or a sharp development of anemia is observed, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis and torsion of the ovarian cyst are provoked. This is why it is very important to pay attention to the symptoms as early as possible and consult a doctor for help.

Diagnosing hemorrhagic vasculitis, the symptoms of which are quite ambiguous, is quite difficult, which often leads to unnecessary surgical interventions.

In children, symptoms sometimes include headaches and other central nervous system disorders, lung lesions, and hemorrhages in the lungs. With hemorrhagic vasculitis, blood may also be found in the urine.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis can only be made by a doctor, based on the nature of the skin rashes, including the presence or absence of rashes on the legs. However, not all so simple. Even experienced medical professionals may have problems making a diagnosis if the patient’s first symptoms did not appear in the form of skin rashes, but in the form of joint pain or abdominal discomfort. As a rule, these signs of the disease are also accompanied by chemical changes in the composition of urine.

Usually, the doctor makes an accurate diagnosis only after a rash appears on the patient’s body.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is a rather rare and complex disease, so to make an accurate diagnosis, the patient may have to contact more than just a local physician.

To confirm the diagnosis, patients are sometimes forced to undergo examination by a surgeon, nephrologist, pulmonologist, immunologist, infectious disease specialist, ENT doctor, dentist (for possible detection and treatment of infections in oral cavity) and an allergist.

In order to distinguish hemorrhagic vasculitis from other diseases, the help of an ultrasound specialist, an x-ray technician and some other medical workers is almost always required.

Laboratory research methods

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis almost always requires various tests of biological fluids.

A clinical blood test for hemorrhagic vasculitis is a laboratory test that determines the amount of each type of blood cell. Thanks to this, medical workers can assess the condition of the patient’s internal organs and systems.

As a rule, when conducting a blood test in patients, an increase in the level of leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophil granulocytes and platelets is detected. If the patient does not have bleeding from internal organs, then the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells remains normal.

In addition to this analysis, doctors often resort to a general urine test.

A general urine test is a laboratory test method in which specialists determine physical properties and the chemical composition of the patient's urine.

Indicators of a general urine test in patients may differ from normal if the disease is accompanied by inflammatory damage to the kidneys. In this case, the analysis usually shows changes in transient urine sediment. Patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis have increased blood clotting. Therefore, to monitor the dynamics of treatment, it is necessary to perform a general blood test from time to time. Thus, laboratory diagnostics of the patient's blood will be able to show the specialist whether the patient's blood has become more or less prone to forming blood clots.

It is worth noting that increased blood clotting is quite pronounced in severe cases of the disease.

If the patient’s disease has a wavy nature and is accompanied by inflammatory damage to the kidneys, then this may be a reason to perform an immunogram and detect hidden bacterial or viral infections. Usually in patients, especially in childhood, a blood test shows an elevated IgG level. With constantly recurring diseases and inflammation of the kidneys, there is often an increased amount of cryoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in the blood.

It is advisable to use a biochemical blood test for hemorrhagic vasculitis only if the patient has symptoms of kidney disease. In this case, the analysis usually indicates a high content of potassium and nitrogenous waste.

Instrumental research methods

If indicated, a specialist may prescribe an ECG for the patient.

An ECG is a method of instrumental research in which the nature of the heart’s work is reflected on the monitor of the device.

Quite often, to clarify the diagnosis, doctors advise patients to undergo a chest x-ray.

Radiography is another instrumental research method in which a specialist photographs various organs and parts of the patient’s body using x-rays and thus obtains a projection image of the desired area on paper or disk. In addition, you may need to perform an ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys.

Ultrasound is a non-invasive instrumental diagnostic method in which the doctor examines the patient’s internal organs using ultrasonic waves.

In children, doctors often perform nephroscintigraphy. Since kidney disease is extremely rare in pediatric patients, the detection of any abnormalities using this examination method may indicate the presence of hemorrhagic vasculitis in the patient. However, this technique is used not only for the diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis. It is often used to monitor the dynamics of treatment and further predict the course of the disease.

If during treatment the patient's immune system still continues to attack his own kidney tissue, the doctor may order a kidney biopsy.

A biopsy is a diagnostic method in which the doctor pinches off a piece of tissue from the organ being examined and examines it under a microscope; it is one of the most effective methods diagnosis of many serious diseases.

Differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis

When diagnosing hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is important to distinguish this disease from other pathologies that may also be accompanied by rashes on the skin, for example, from some liver diseases, infectious diseases, diseases of the lymphatic system, kidneys and joints, as well as malignant neoplasms.

If a patient has a small, profuse rash on his body, the doctor may suspect he has thrombocytopic purpura. However, with hemorrhagic vasculitis, the rash is usually localized only in certain places (mainly in the buttocks and lower limbs), while the level of platelets in the blood does not decrease.

It is very important to distinguish the abdominal syndrome that often accompanies hemorrhagic vasculitis from diseases of the abdominal cavity that require urgent treatment. These include: perforated ulcer, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction and ulcerative lesions of the walls of the large intestine.

With hemorrhagic vasculditis, patients also develop black feces with an unpleasant odor, they may experience cramping abdominal pain and vomiting with blood. However, in addition to this, they also show signs of joint damage and have a characteristic rash on the body. It is for this reason that when patients with acute abdominal diseases are admitted to the hospital, the doctor may examine them for the presence of skin rashes, check for arthritis and inflammatory processes in the kidneys.

If the patient has severe damage to the kidney tissue, the doctor may suspect that he has diseases in which the glomeruli are damaged. In this case, to verify the presence of hemorrhagic vasculitis, you will need a blood test or instrumental research methods.

If the patient still has severe kidney disease, the doctor usually asks whether his patient had hemorrhagic vasculitis in childhood.

At the same time, kidney disease should be distinguished from idiopathic recurrent gross hematuria, which often recurs despite aggressive treatment.

Differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis from other joint diseases is usually not difficult. An exception to this situation may be systemic lupus erythematosus. Although in this case, immune markers that are not inherent in hemorrhagic vasculitis are detected in the patient’s blood.

Based on all this, it can be understood that it is impossible to make such a diagnosis as hemorrhagic vasculitis on your own at home. This is primarily due to the fact that this pathology may have similar symptoms to some other pathologies. That is why even experienced doctors, when diagnosing hemorrhagic vasculitis, are forced to resort to laboratory and instrumental research methods.

Only if the diagnosis is made correctly, the patient’s treatment will be as quickly, easy and effective as possible. It follows from this that treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis at home should in no case be carried out without consulting a specialist.

Treatment

In modern medicine, it is usually used A complex approach for the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children (diet, medication, bed rest).

Treatment in adults, which is prescribed to people suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis, has a number of features and recommendations.

The goal of treatment in both adults and children is to restore the natural functioning of organs affected by hemorrhagic vasculitis and, in general, the entire immune system, which can only be achieved through complex treatment. Refusing treatment for hemorrhagic vasculitis is strictly prohibited.

In order to understand how to treat hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults, what can be eaten with this disease, it is recommended to contact a specialist who is involved in the prevention and treatment of this disease. The treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in both adults and children should be approached with all responsibility and seriousness.

Very often, patients do not know which doctor to contact with the problem of hemorrhagic vasculitis, how it is treated, and what treatment is most effective. Consultations on the treatment of a disease such as hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children, as well as the actual treatment of the disease itself (hemorrhagic vasculitis), are carried out by a rheumatologist, who, as a result of the examination, will write out appropriate recommendations and prescribe a specific treatment plan.

All people who have developed cutaneous hemorrhagic vasculitis must be hospitalized to undergo treatment. Treatment in adults may take a long time, however, you should be patient. Hemorrhagic vasculitis cannot be neglected; this is fraught with even more complex diseases that are very difficult to treat.

When treatment is prescribed, and a person suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis is hospitalized, he must adhere to some rules accompanying the treatment of the disease, which are established by the doctor:

• When treating hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is necessary to avoid excessive stress on the legs and hypothermia. Then the treatment time will be noticeably reduced.
• During treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children, all vaccinations and inoculations should be excluded. Treatment of this pathology and parallel implementation of scheduled and unscheduled vaccinations are unacceptable.
• Many medications are contraindicated for patients undergoing treatment. Prohibited for adults and children:

Treatment of other diseases, simultaneously with hemorrhagic vasculitis, with antibiotics;

• treatment (or prevention) with vitamins;
• treatment with sulfonamides;
• treatment with aminocaproic acids;
• treatment with drugs containing calcium, and many others.

Due to the fact that many drugs are contraindicated for hemorrhagic vasculitis, you should not treat the disease yourself, it is very dangerous!

When treating hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children, the entire surface infected (with hemorrhagic vasculitis) must be thoroughly treated. Treatment with antibiotics is prescribed by a doctor based on serious reasons when hemorrhagic vasculitis does not respond to other treatment.

If, when hemorrhagic vasculitis occurs, several serious syndromes that are not amenable to standard treatment develop simultaneously or one after another, then this serves as a serious basis for prescribing an individual method of treatment. How each of them will be treated is also decided by the doctor individually.

If hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults is severe and difficult to treat, when hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults of the cutaneous form is accompanied by pronounced intoxication, which also requires treatment, doctors may prescribe recommendations for the patient to undergo plasmapheresis. During the procedure, treatment occurs by cleansing the blood of harmful toxins, which carries hemorrhagic vasculitis. Treatment in adults with this method is very effective and efficient. Hemorrhagic vasculitis will gradually subside, which can be seen in the results.

First of all, treatment of the disease is concentrated on eliminating complications caused by hemorrhagic vasculitis. For example, treatment aimed at normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, helping to reduce acidity. An even more strict diet is prescribed for such a complication of hemorrhagic vasculitis as disruption of the functioning of the stomach. Symptomatic treatment is often used when working with patients suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis.

As additional treatment in adults for hemorrhagic vasculitis, the following procedures may be prescribed:

• massage treatment;
• treatment through special exercises.

With these methods, hemorrhagic vasculitis is treated as an addition to the main therapy.

People suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis can entrust massage treatment only to an experienced specialist. This will provide additional assurance that the treatment will be effective.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis. Surgical treatment

In some cases, treatment may require surgery. Such measures are used in advanced and severe cases of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults, when drug treatment is ineffective.

In the vast majority of cases, hemorrhagic vasculitis can be treated with conservative (standard) methods. Hemorrhagic vasculitis requires surgical treatment only in cases of severe forms of the disease and complications arising from them that are not amenable to other treatment.

There are several types of vasculitis:

• cutaneous;

articular;

renal;

abdominal;

fast-flowing.

To date, no special treatment has been developed for hemorrhagic vasculitis, both in adults and children. During the period of exacerbation of the disease, strict adherence to all the doctor’s recommendations is required, especially bed rest and diet.

In the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis, both in adults and children, doctors attach particular importance to a diet specially designed for these cases.

Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis. Diet.

Compliance with a special diet is a very important stage in the complex treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in both adults and children. Diet comes first in the treatment of this disease.

When treating such signs of hemorrhagic vasculitis as indigestion, loose stools, bleeding in the intestines in adults, it is recommended to prescribe a diet according to table No. 1, in children - diet No. 5. What can be eaten and the main list of products that is included in the diet, It is worth further discussing with your doctor.

So, during the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children, any patient needs a diet that is gentle on the gastrointestinal tract. It is necessary to remove from the patient’s diet those foods that contain allergenic components. Treatment without diet will not give results.

Diet is also necessary after treatment. During the rehabilitation period of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children, the diet involves excluding a certain list of foods from the patient’s diet. For effective treatment, food must be boiled, stewed, steamed, baked (without adding oil), salt intake must be kept to a minimum - a standard diet without fat. Hemorrhagic vasculitis “does not tolerate” anything fried, fatty or spicy.

List of foods prohibited by the diet for hemorrhagic vasculitis:

• cocoa-containing products and cocoa itself;

chocolate and chocolate bars;

chocolate candies;

citrus;

berries, vegetables and red fruits;

chicken eggs.

After remission of hemorrhagic vasculitis has been achieved through treatment, the patient must follow an anti-allergenic diet for a year (this period of remission should be in both adults and children), gradually narrowing the list of foods prohibited by the diet.

Doctors select a diet plan and a list of products during the period of remission of hemorrhagic vasculitis subjectively for each patient, taking into account treatment methods, manifestations of hemorrhagic vasculitis and the characteristics of the medical history.

Conclusion

So, treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in both adults and children occurs under conditions of a specially selected (anti-allergenic) diet and strict adherence to the bed rest recommended by the doctor. When a patient is treated for hemorrhagic vasculitis, specialists usually discontinue medications that could cause the onset of the disease or that could theoretically provoke it.

Also, treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children involves some restriction on the patient’s motor activity. Sometimes a patient with hemorrhagic vasculitis will be given bed rest for three to four weeks during treatment. If during treatment the patient violates the doctor’s recommendations (even regarding bed rest), he may experience a secondary wave of hemorrhagic vasculitis with an even greater number of irritating skin rashes, classified by specialists as orthostatic purpura.

Doctors give favorable prognoses for the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children. Answering the question: “How to treat hemorrhagic vasculitis?” They emphasize that the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis will be more effective than before seeking medical help. Neglecting treatment and diet is fraught with serious problems, because hemorrhagic vasculitis is dangerous with complications.

It is very important to remember that:

• hemorrhagic vasculitis requires treatment,
• it is necessary to refrain from self-treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis;
• You should seek help for the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis at the first sign of it.
• Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis should be trusted only to qualified specialists.
• When treating a disease, it is very important to follow a diet.
• Prevention of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults and children includes its timely identification, 2 times a year it is worth following a cleansing diet, and undergoing treatment for infections on time.

Medicines

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Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis involves limiting food products that have possible allergens; in cases with abdominal forms, it is necessary, if possible, to fast for 2–4 days. However, conservative (medicinal) treatment plays a key role, without which it is never possible to cure hemorrhagic vasculitis. Medicines used to treat it can be divided into several groups:

• Direct anticoagulants.
• Antiplatelet agents.
• Sulfonic (anti-leprosy) drugs in combination.
• Antihistamines (both in ointment form and orally).
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Glucocorticosteroids.

Anticoagulants used for hemorrhagic vasculitis

Direct anticoagulants are mainly used, which are divided into 2 groups:

• Heparin is unfractionated.
• Low molecular weight heparins - low molecular weight heparin (LMH) preparations: fraxiparin, fragmin.

Heparin (NG) is an acidic mucopolysaccharide that enhances the effect of antithrombin III (then inactivation of thrombin occurs). Thus, heparin and antithrombin III always act together, as one complex. Heparin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, so it is used parenterally (intravenously or subcutaneously).
For hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is recommended to initially administer 2500–5000 units 2–4 times daily for a total of 5–7 days.
Low molecular weight heparins (LMH), unlike unfractionated heparin, have a weaker effect on thrombin, but very strongly inhibit factor Xa. Also, APGs act 2 times longer and are prescribed 1–2 times a day. When administered subcutaneously, they have greater bioavailability.

Antiplatelet agents for hemorrhagic vasculitis

They can be divided into several groups:

• Cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
• ADP receptor blockers.
• IIb/IIIA receptor antagonists.

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, numerous of their kind, do not have sufficient antiplatelet properties. Only acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in small doses (70–325 mg/d) inhibits cyclooxygenase irreversibly, which reduces the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and thereby inhibits aggregation.
For hemorrhagic vasculitis, the optimal dose of aspirin is 75 mg once a day - in the morning.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, in particular dipyridamole (curantil), inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking phosphodiesterase and adenosine uptake, which increases the content of c-AMP and c-GMP in platelets. It is usually used in combination with aspirin or indirect anticoagulants (warfarin). For hemorrhagic vasculitis, the dose of choice for dipyridamole is 75 mg 2-3 times a day.
ADP receptor blockers, which include drugs such as ticlopidine and clopidogrel, inhibit aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors in platelets. It is important to note that they are used in cases where aspirin is contraindicated. Used for hemorrhagic vasculitis in a dosage of 0.2 g - 3 times a day. Clopidogrel is preferable due to the lower likelihood of side effects.
Antagonists of receptors (glycoprotein receptor complex) IIb/IIIa are prescribed only parenterally (intravenously). This group includes abciximab (or reopro), tirofiban. They are prescribed for 4 weeks; in case of concomitant nephritis, they can be prescribed for up to 6 months.

Antileprosy drugs (sulfone series) for hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Dapsone is prescribed at a dosage of 50–75 mg 2 times a day together with trental at a dosage of 400 mg 3 times a day. Therapy is carried out cyclically (5 days) with a one-day break between them until the symptoms of vasculitis disappear. The effect of such therapy is quite high.

Antihistamines for hemorrhagic vasculitis.

As a rule, they are used for itchy skin, the cause of which is hemorrhagic vasculitis. An ointment containing antihistamine components is applied topically (locally) to itchy areas. The most commonly used dose is tavegil 1 mg twice a day - in the morning and evening time, or suprastin 25 mg 3 times a day.
NSAIDs for hemorrhagic vasculitis.
This group is used for severe inflammation and high temperature, accompanied by severe joint pain. Diclofenac 25 mg 3 times a day, indomethacin in the same dosage 3 times a day are used.
Glucocorticosteroids for hemorrhagic vasculitis are used in case of ineffectiveness of NSAIDs or together with cytostatics for some glomerulonephritis. Prednisolone is used at the rate of 0.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 5–7 days. Then a break is taken for 5 days.
Treatment with folk remedies is not justified for the reason that many plants are allergens for a person with hemorrhagic vasculitis and will only complicate the course of the disease. It is important to remember that self-medication can lead to dire consequences! You should always consult a doctor.

Folk remedies

Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis with folk remedies is beneficial only after the mandatory permission of a doctor. He recommends to his patients many effective ways to combat this pathology. Let's take a closer look at some methods of alternative treatment for hemorrhagic vasculitis.

Herbal preparations to combat disease

If a patient is diagnosed with hemorrhagic vasculitis, then he is recommended to make such preparations from medicinal plants.

To prepare this collection, mix the following components in equal proportions:

• fruits of Japanese sophora;
• elderberry inflorescences;
• yarrow;
• knotweed;
• nettle leaves.

All components must be carefully crushed and mixed. To prepare the infusion, it is recommended to take a tablespoon of the mixture, pour boiling water over it and leave for one hour. It is recommended to drink a glass of this infusion in two doses during the day.

Colon cleansing regimens

If a patient is diagnosed with hemorrhagic vasculitis, treatment with folk remedies should be combined with intestinal cleansing. The following medicinal herbs are successfully used to regulate the activity of the digestive tract:

• elecampane;
• immortelle;
• sagebrush;
• tansy.

To obtain an infusion, it is recommended to mix the indicated herbs in equal proportions and add two tbsp to a liter of boiling water. l. vegetable mixture. It must be infused for two hours, preferably in a thermos. The strained and cooled infusion is drunk half a glass half an hour before meals. You need to drink this infusion in two doses.

Blood purification

Note to patients

For those suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is advisable to follow these recommendations:

• It is useful to take vitamin K preparations, as well as herbs and products containing this substance;
• It is useful to eat black currants;
• patients are recommended to drink green tea, which has antioxidant properties;
• Hemlock tincture also has benefits for blood vessels, however, due to its toxicity, you should carefully follow your doctor’s recommendations.

And the most important advice: before starting treatment for hemorrhagic vasculitis using traditional methods, it is recommended to consult a therapist.

The information is for reference only and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.

This disease, medically called Henoch-Schönlein syndrome or allergic (rheumatic) purpura, is diagnosed mainly in patients aged 5-13 years. In adults, cases of hemorrhagic vasculitis are also common.

It occurs less frequently in children under 3 years of age. The development of this disease is always associated with damage to the walls of vascular beds, an increase in the degree of their permeability, activation of the protein metabolism process, and increased production of immune responses.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis: what is it?

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is a systemic disease of the series, characterized by damage to the walls of the smallest vessels of the body - capillaries, venules and arterioles. This condition is always accompanied by a violation of the structure of these blood vessels.

As a rule, the disease occurs with the presence of aseptic inflammation, which significantly increases the likelihood of blood clots. In the presence of rheumatic purpura, not only the blood vessels of the skin are affected, but also the internal organs (joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract).

Causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis

The main trigger of this disease is infection of various etiologies. These could be fungi, bacteria or viruses. The development of the disease is also influenced by the use of certain medications and the unfavorable environmental conditions in which the patient lives.

Predisposing factors to the occurrence of hemorrhagic vasculitis are:

• insect bites;
• thermal burns;
• injuries of various origins;
• intoxication due to biological poisons entering the body;
• vaccination procedures;
• congenital functional disorders of the immune system;
• colds;
• overheating or hypothermia of the body;
• allergic reactions caused by food agents.

Danger sunburn for the human body, their treatment and prevention of complications:

Signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis, photo

photo of skin symptoms

1. Skin rashes

Symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults are manifested by hemorrhagic papules (rash) of small diameter, which form mainly on the skin of the buttocks, feet, thighs, and legs, less often on the skin of the upper torso. The rash has a rich red color and does not disappear with pressure. Sometimes papules form conglomerates. The rashes are usually located symmetrically.

The severity of hemorrhagic vasculitis is of great importance. Symptoms may also vary in intensity.

In particularly severe cases of the disease, a small accumulation of purulent exudate appears in the center of the papules, which leads to the formation of erosions. If the chronic form is observed, the ulcers tend to heal, after which profuse peeling and persistent pigmentation are observed on the skin.

2. Acute onset of the disease

Allergic purpura mainly occurs in the spring season and is characterized by an acute course in the initial stages of its development. This often occurs after suffering an infectious pathology of the respiratory system. The condition is often accompanied by an increase in body temperature, both subfebrile and significant.

3. Malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract

Stool upset, attacks of nausea, repeated vomiting, pain in the abdominal area - all these signs indicate that the patient has developed hemorrhagic vasculitis, the syndromes of abdominal manifestations of which can have varying intensity. Moreover, patients cannot indicate the exact location of pain.

4. Joint damage

This symptom occurs in 75% of patients. Henoch Schönlein syndrome is accompanied by pain, swelling and redness of the skin in the joint area. Sometimes such symptoms are so severe that there is a restriction in the mobility of the joint/joints.

Most often, large joints are affected, for example, elbows, ankles, knees.

5. Kidney damage

In 3 out of 10 patients, the disease is accompanied by glomerulonephritis. In this case, the degree of hematuria may vary. Kidney damage due to rheumatic purpura can lead to the development of renal failure.

Signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis - nephritic syndrome:

Forms of hemorrhagic vasculitis

In medicine, this pathology is usually classified depending on the manifestations that accompany its course.

1. Skin-abdominal. The organs of the digestive system are affected, pain in the peritoneum is pronounced, intestinal colic often occurs, and a skin rash is present.
2. Skin. With the development of this form of the disease, the lesion affects only the skin, on which clearly defined exanthemas of a dark cherry color appear. Most often, the rashes are localized near the joints on the extensor surfaces of the lower (less often upper) limbs and buttocks. Against the background of exanthems, a papular rash also appears, which is often accompanied, for example, by cutaneous-abdominal hemorrhagic vasculitis. The cutaneous form of this disease has a tendency to intense itching in the area where papules and exanthems form.
3. Skin-articular. Along with hemorrhagic papules, damage to articular tissues is noted. Most often these are the knee, ankle and elbow joints.
4. Renal. In this case, patients experience kidney damage of various origins. There is no skin rash.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis: skin-articular form

The skin-articular form of hemorrhagic vasculitis deserves a separate description - it is characterized by rapid development. Sometimes, before the onset of the disease, a person experiences headaches and general malaise combined with elevated body temperature.

As a result of numerous hemorrhages, small red spots of round shape form on the surface of the skin. More often they merge with each other.

Also, the skin-articular form of pathology is characterized by the appearance of blisters, inflammatory foci, swelling of the skin and soft tissues in the joint area. If the course of vasculitis is particularly severe, the skin-articular form can turn into a necrotic form.

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis

The changes that the patient’s biological samples undergo during laboratory examination cannot be called specific. To confirm the diagnosis, pay attention to the level of:

• platelets;
• leukocytes;
• alpha-2-globulins;
• immunoglobulins A and G;
• reactive proteins;
• seromucoids;
• fibrinolysis;
• fibrinogen;
• cryoglobulins;
• antihyaluronidase;
• fibrin monomers;
• antistreptolysin.

During research, it is necessary to differentiate hemorrhagic vasculitis. Diagnosing the disease is not difficult for doctors.

The difficulty may lie only in determining its form of development and the possibility of confusing, for example, the abdominal form of pathology with some other disease:

• intestinal obstruction;
• pancreatitis;
• cholecystitis;
• peritonitis;
• inflammation of the appendix.

Also, hemorrhagic papules can be one of the manifestations of:

• thrombocytopenia;
• cryoglobulinemic vasculitis;
• paraneoplastic syndrome;
• meningococcal meningitis.

Traditional methods

The duration and nature of treatment for hemorrhagic vasculitis in children and adults depend on the severity, clinical form and phase of its development. For all forms of the disease, antiplatelet agents - Trental and Curantil - are prescribed. In particularly severe cases, in order to enhance the antiaggregation effect, the patient is prescribed two of these drugs simultaneously.

Anticoagulants are also prescribed. The dose schedule, single and daily dosages are selected individually for each patient. Patients are often prescribed intravenous or subcutaneous administration of Heparin. In the second option, the medicine enters the body through fatty tissue in the abdominal cavity.

If necessary, the doctor prescribes fibrinolysis activators. These are nicotinic acid and all its derivatives. In addition to these drugs, the following are prescribed:

• glucocorticosteroids;
• vitamins E and A;
• membrane stabilizers;
• cytostatics;
• analgesics;
• antispasmodics;
• enterosorbents;
• anti-inflammatory.

When treating hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults, plasmapheresis may be indicated. The method of implementation is selected based on the severity of the pathology. Through plasmapheresis, it is possible to achieve purification of blood plasma from toxic agents at the molecular level.

Surgery

Surgical methods of treatment are carried out in extreme cases– when transplantation of a new kidney is required to replace the damaged one, the functions of which cannot be restored. Surgery can also be performed on the intestines to remove the affected area.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis in the ICD is classified as a severe vascular pathology and is one of the types of immune vasculitis. It is designated by code D69.0 and is more often called allergic purpura.

Traditional methods

1. Pass 3 lemons and 2 pcs. through a meat grinder. cloves (spice). Add 500 g of sugar to the mixture and fill with warm water (1.5 l). Place the mixture in a glass jar with a lid and store it in a dark place for 15 days. After the expiration date, take the product three times a day before meals, 15 g.

2. Grind 5 parts of rue leaves and add 1 part of butter (can be replaced with vegetable oil). Mix thoroughly and place in a glass container, which is left for 10 days in a dark, dry place. When the mixture is infused, rub it 4 times a day into the affected areas.

3. Finely chop and mix the herbs (10 g each): mint, marigold, horsetail, string, poplar buds, elderberry and yarrow.
Every morning, pour 10 g of herbal mixture with boiling water (300 ml), leave, strain and drink the infusion, dividing it into three doses.

symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis in children, photo

Parents may not immediately suspect that their child has suffered from allergic purpura and may miss the onset of the disease, since in 50% of young patients it occurs without the formation of a skin rash.

Doctors recommend paying attention to changes in the baby’s behavior and mood. He will become restless or, on the contrary, lethargic, he will have a low-grade fever and loss of appetite. If you notice these symptoms, contact a medical facility immediately.

Intestinal obstruction, its forms, symptoms and treatment:

Above (in the section on signs and symptoms) information was provided on the manifestations of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults. As for children, the symptoms of allergic purpura look somewhat different:

• high probability of development of generalization processes and relapses;
• abdominal pain;
• abnormal stool, nausea and vomiting (sometimes);
• extremely acute onset and subsequent course of the disease;
• limited angioedema in the joint area;
• intense exudative component.

Complications of hemorrhagic vasculitis

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment of this pathology, serious Negative consequences as:

• renal failure;
• disorders of the liver and heart;
• iron deficiency anemia;
• pulmonary hemorrhages;
• intestinal obstruction;
• peritonitis;
• hemorrhagic diathesis.

Prevention of hemorrhagic vasculitis

1. Avoid intense physical activity.
2. Strengthen your immune system.
3. Cure infectious pathologies completely.
4. Do not overcool your body.
5. Do not self-medicate any diseases when taking medications uncontrolled.

Seek help promptly when you detect the first signs of hemorrhagic vasculitis. While the disease is in its early stages of development, it is easily treatable.

Otherwise, disastrous consequences may occur, including death due to acute renal syndrome, cerebral hemorrhage, or damage to the blood vessels of the central nervous system. Take care of your health!

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is a disease that is part of a group of primary systemic diseases that mainly affect young people. The disease manifests itself in the form of arthralgia, microthrombosis, palpable purpura and disruptions in the functioning of the stomach and intestines. The disease occurs with frequent relapses, and in some cases, renal failure may develop. Pathology has been studied by scientists for quite a long time, but there is still no accurate data on the etiology, pathogenesis and methods of therapy. In addition, there is also no exact classification, so the topic is difficult to cover. Let's figure out what hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults looks like in the photo, what treatment is better - traditional methods or folk ones?

What triggers the development of the disease?

Vasculitis manifests itself against the background of inflammatory processes in the walls of blood vessels. After a short period of time, the permeability of small blood vessels increases, and fibrin and thrombotic masses are deposited in these lumens. As a result, microthrombi appear and one of the names of such a pathology is capillary toxicosis.

Damage to small joints is not as dangerous as pathology affecting veins and arteries. The main thing is to determine exactly what the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults are, and then the treatment will be selected as accurately as possible. Doctors identify the following main provoking factors for the development of pathology:

Some scientific minds still believe that there is a high risk of disease in those who have a predisposition to certain species immune reactions. In most cases, school-age children are affected, but only isolated cases of the disease have been recorded in infants.

We have determined what the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults are; treatment will be effective once the classification of the disease is determined.

Classification of pathology

There are several clinical forms of the disease:

• lightning;
• cutaneous;
• rheumatoid;
• renal;
• abdominal;
• mixed.

The nature of the pathology can be divided into several types:

• acute - lasts up to two months;
• protracted - lasts for up to 6 months;
• chronic - a long period, accompanied by relapses, remissions and exacerbations.

There are several degrees of hemorrhagic vasculitis; treatment in adults will be effective only after accurately determining them:

1. Easy. In this case, the patient’s condition does not cause serious concern; the rash on the body is rare, in small patches, and is accompanied by minor pain in the joints.
2. Average. The patient's general condition deteriorates significantly, the skin becomes covered with a profuse rash, the joints are severely twisted, and pain in the peritoneum appears from time to time.
3. Heavy. Weakness throughout the body, angioedema, rashes cover most of the body, ulcers appear in some places, there may be bleeding in the stomach and intestines, and kidney failure develops.

What does hemorrhagic vasculitis look like?

Hemorrhagic vasculitis begins to develop, the treatment of which in adults is selected individually, starting with a common skin rash. These are small and symmetrically located small bruises that do not disappear if you press on them.

In addition, it should be noted:

• rashes may appear near the joints or on the buttocks;
• rashes caused by the development of hemorrhagic vasculitis (treatment in adults requires a special approach) rarely appear on the skin of the face, torso and palms;
• the intensity of the rash can be different - from single lesions to massive ones with their subsequent merging;
• During the extinction of the disease, pigmentation remains on the skin, and peeling is periodically noticeable in its place.

Clinical manifestations

The clinical manifestations of the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis depend on the severity of the disease and the localization of inflammatory processes. Treatment of the disease is individual. The pathology begins to develop acutely and is accompanied by elevated body temperature to febrile levels. In rare cases, there may be no temperature.

In addition, the disease is characterized by skin rashes of varying sizes. In rheumatology, the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis may differ (we will consider treatment a little later).

1. Skin syndrome. This form manifests itself acutely and is accompanied by high temperature; diffuse spots with hemorrhagic elements are noticeable on the skin. Most often, the rash appears on the legs, buttocks, thighs, mainly in the joint area. In rare cases, it can be localized on the limbs and trunk. In severe forms, the rash can develop into necrosis and small ulcers appear. In the chronic form and long-term course of the pathology, peeling appears on the skin.
2. Joint syndrome. This type is observed in 70% of patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis, symptoms and treatment may vary among patients. But most often this type is accompanied by joint pain with the development of an inflammatory process. Large joints are predominantly affected by the disease. In addition to inflammation, swelling with disorders of the musculoskeletal system is observed. This syndrome may occur early in the disease or as it progresses. If therapy is started on time, the joints will not atrophy.
3. It most often manifests itself in children with hemorrhagic vasculitis. Treatment (reviews from parents confirm this) gives good results if it is timely. The syndrome is accompanied by pain in the peritoneum of varying intensity, which is present in every part of the stomach and intestines. In addition to pain, the following are observed: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and flatulence. In severe cases, without timely treatment, gastric and intestinal bleeding may occur.
4. Kidney syndrome. It is observed in only 25% of patients. Accompanied by signs of acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria or nephrotic syndrome. These symptoms lead to kidney failure and can be dangerous for a person.

In addition to the main symptoms, the disease causes general intoxication, lack of appetite, and urinary retention.

In adults, treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis should be timely, because it can also affect other organs, causing the following symptoms:

• hemorrhagic pneumonia, which manifests itself in the form of a cough with sputum streaked with blood;

• hemorrhagic myocarditis with damage to blood vessels and the heart;
• hemorrhagic meningitis affects the blood vessels of the brain, accompanied by headache, irritability, convulsions, and cerebral hemorrhages, which leads to stroke and disability.

The symptoms of the disease are severe and require urgent consultation with a doctor and selection of individual treatment depending on the manifestations and syndrome.

Diagnostic methods

We looked at the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults. The prognosis and treatment of such a disease may differ from patient to patient; it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor who will prescribe a comprehensive examination.

The main diagnostic methods are:

• coagulogram;
• identification;
• determination of immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins and components of complement systems;
• biochemical analysis;
• General detailed blood test with leukocyte count.

Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis

Vasculitis therapy should be comprehensive, consisting of therapeutic and medicinal techniques. Traditional medicine can also be added to the main methods. In rare cases, surgery may be required.

Therapeutic treatment consists of general health procedures. You can follow a hypoallergenic diet and limit physical activity, but physical therapy is needed.

Among the hardware techniques, plasmapheresis can be prescribed. This procedure allows you to cleanse the blood of toxins, germs and other harmful substances. But without taking medications, the disease cannot be cured.

As for taking medications, for hemorrhagic vasculitis the following is prescribed:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which help relieve inflammation and reduce body temperature;
• membrane stabilizing agents, they help restore tissue affected by the disease;
• cytostatics restore immunity;
• antacids, which help reduce the risk of stomach damage;
• antispasmodics help reduce pain.

In addition, for hemorrhagic vasculitis of the cutaneous form, treatment in adults requires taking other groups of medications, the choice of which depends on concomitant pathologies and the presence of chronic ailments.

Surgery is rarely used in the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis, mainly in cases where the intestines and kidneys are severely affected. In this case, the patient has the affected parts of the intestine removed or undergoes a kidney transplant.

Treatment of cutaneous hemorrhagic vasculitis is carried out locally, using ointments:

• aceminoic;
• dibunol;
• venorutonic;
• "Solcoseryl".

These products help restore the elasticity and density of the walls of blood vessels. For ulcerative-erosive manifestations, other ointments are recommended: Vishnevsky, Mikulich or Iruksol.

In addition to traditional treatment, traditional medicine is also effective.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis: treatment with folk remedies

Effective grandma's recipes:

• Take three tablespoons of field ivy and elderflower, add to them one and a half tablespoons of mint and the same amount of yarrow. Mix everything thoroughly and take 60 grams of the mixture, pour 0.5 liters of hot, slightly cooled water and leave to brew for 12 hours. Take a decoction of ½ cup 5 times a day. This decoction can also be used as a lotion on damaged areas of the skin; apply a cloth soaked in the decoction for 20 minutes.
• Mix together mountain arnica, calendula and Japanese sophora. Take 10 grams of the collection and pour a glass of boiling water, leave for three hours, and then strain and drink 1 tablespoon every 8 hours.
• You can prepare an alcohol tincture; for this you will need to chop three large lemons, add 5 tablespoons of cloves, two glasses of sugar and 0.5 ml of medical alcohol. Infuse for two weeks, and then take 1 tablespoon before each meal.
• You can prepare your own ointment to treat hemorrhagic vasculitis. It is prepared like this: grind 200 grams of birch buds into powder and mix with kilograms of nutria fat. Afterwards, the mixture is sent to the oven for three hours, repeat this throughout the week, and then strain and lubricate the affected areas.

It is not difficult to treat hemorrhagic vasculitis with folk remedies. Traditional treatment It will only be effective if you cleanse the intestines. To do this, you can use the following infusion: take 40 grams of the mixture, which contains elecampane, tansy, immortelle and wormwood, pour a liter of hot water. Leave for two hours and then strain. You need to drink the decoction on an empty stomach, adding water in a 1:1 ratio. Take twice a day.

You should also clean the blood. To do this, you need to prepare an infusion of thick-leaved bergenia. Dry leaves are poured with boiled water, infused overnight and strained, taken ½ cup on an empty stomach.

Complications

It is worth remembering that if no measures are taken immediately and hemorrhagic vasculitis is not treated, then complications can be much more serious than it seems:

• intestinal obstruction;
• pancreatitis;
• perforation of ulcers in the intestines and stomach;
• peritonitis;
• posthemorrhagic anemia;
• thrombosis and heart attacks;
• neuritis and cerebral disorders.

Complications occur in patients who do not seek help in a timely manner.

Preventive methods

After the patient has completed the course of treatment, he is recommended to adhere to certain recommendations - preventive measures, only in this case there will be no relapses. Doctors recommend to their patients:

• adhere to a hypoallergenic diet; consuming chocolate, citrus fruits, eggs and nuts is strictly prohibited;
• refuse vaccination and various tests with bacterial antigens;
• exclude all physical procedures;
• take antibacterial agents only in the most extreme cases;
• treat infections in a timely manner;
• undergo regular examinations for the presence of helminthic infestations;
• avoid hypothermia and overheating;
• visit the doctor regularly;
• limit yourself to physical activity, but physical therapy is even encouraged;
• avoid contact with chemicals.

Prognosis of inactivity in hemorrhagic vasculitis

The initial stages of the disease may go away on their own in some patients, but in other cases, if appropriate measures are not taken, the disease can be fatal. The fulminant form can lead to the death of the patient, and all because the central nervous system is affected and hemorrhage occurs in the brain.

If the disease is detected in time and treatment is started, then half of the patients experience a speedy recovery, and the other half may experience relapses, but only if they re-encounter the cause that triggered the development of the disease.

Update: October 2018

Vasculitis is a group of diseases that affect blood vessels. There is a huge number of vasculitis, which is due to their causes and mechanisms of occurrence.

The main incidence of hemorrhagic vasculitis occurs in people under 20 years of age and amounts to 40%. Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children is diagnosed at 5–14 years of age. It is typical that males are more likely to suffer from this disease.

Definition of hemorrhagic vasculitis

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is an acquired disease and is characterized by damage to small blood vessels, that is, capillaries, venules and arterioles. With this disease, aseptic inflammation occurs, which leads to a violation of the structural integrity of the wall of small vessels and, in turn, leads to increased thrombus formation. The pathological process involves skin vessels and vessels of parenchymal organs. Due to damage to the skin vessels, a characteristic rash appears on the skin, which gave another name to the disease - allergic or rheumatoid purpura.

The pathology was described in the century before last by two doctors, Schonlein and Henoch, and hemorrhagic vasculitis began to be called Schonlein-Henoch disease.

Causes and mechanism of development

The causes of the disease are still controversial today. It is believed that for the development of this process a certain state of the body’s defense system is necessary, that is, a person must be prone to allergic reactions. After the action of certain factors, the immune system provokes the formation of certain immune complexes, which circulate in the bloodstream and are deposited in the skin vessels and internal organs. In this case, immune complexes damage blood vessels, causing hemorrhagic purpura, due to the release of formed elements through damaged vascular walls into the surrounding tissue.

Risk factors for developing the disease include:

• elderly age;
• pregnancy;
• frequent infections;
• tendency to atopic reactions;
• injuries.

Classification

Depending on the clinical picture, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

Depending on the course of the disease, there are:

• acute (the process subsides within a month);
• subacute (the disease lasts up to 3 months);
• protracted course (the disease lasts up to six months);
• recurrent course (over several years in a row, the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis return 3–4 times or more);
• chronic course (the clinical picture lasts up to one and a half years or more with periodic exacerbations of the process);
• fulminant course (usually occurs in children under 5 years of age and lasts several days).

Also, hemorrhagic vasculitis has several degrees of activity or severity:

First or minor degree

The patient's condition is satisfactory, body temperature may remain within normal limits or be slightly elevated (low-grade fever). A small number of rashes are noted on the skin, and other signs are absent. ESR is increased and does not exceed 20 mm/hour.

Second or moderate degree

The patient's condition is moderate, there are pronounced skin manifestations and an increase in temperature to 38 degrees or higher. Signs of intoxication are added - headaches and muscle pain, severe weakness. Abdominal and urinary syndromes appear. ESR increases to 20 – 40 mm/hour, leukocytes and eosinophils increase in the CBC, and the amount of albumin in blood biochemistry decreases.

Third or high degree

The patient's condition is assessed as serious, signs of intoxication are pronounced. In addition to the skin syndrome, there are articular, abdominal and renal syndromes with pronounced symptoms. Damage to both the central (brain) and peripheral nervous systems is possible. In the CBC, the ESR is more than 40 mm/hour, significant leukocytosis, neutrophyllosis, and a decrease in platelets.

Symptoms

Henoch-Schönlein disease, as a rule, begins acutely, with an increase in temperature and often after a person has had an acute respiratory infection (a couple of weeks later). Hemorrhagic vasculitis is characterized by a triad of symptoms: skin rashes, joint damage and abdominal syndrome.

Skin syndrome

Skin rashes occur in all or almost all patients and are observed at the very beginning of the process. The rashes look like papules (vesicles) of a hemorrhagic (with bloody) nature. Papules can be either in the form of dots or spots, ranging in size from 1 to 5 mm. They do not disappear when pressed, and later merge with each other.

The rashes are somewhat raised above the skin surface and are usually localized on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. Rashes also appear on the buttocks and around large joints involved in the pathological process. Hemorrhagic purpura may spread to the face, abdominal and chest areas, and back.

In some cases, the appearance of skin rashes is preceded by itching of the skin or. After a few days, hemorrhagic purpura begins to fade and undergo reverse, but slow development. First, the rashes turn brown, and then leave pigmented spots on the skin.

Often, against the background of old rashes, new ones appear, and the skin looks mottled. The rashes are characterized by symmetry. The number of rashes, as well as the severity of other manifestations of the disease, directly depends on the severity of the process.

In rare cases, necrosis is possible in the center of the papule (necrotic variant), after which a crust forms, which later disappears. As a result, scars form on the skin.

Joint syndrome

Joint damage ranks second among the clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic vasculitis and occurs in 70% (according to some data, 100%) of patients. Joint syndrome is manifested by arthralgia (joint pain) and significant inflammation of the joints. Typically, large joints are involved in the process (knees and ankles and, less commonly, elbows and wrists).

Joint pain is more pronounced if a rash appears around the affected joints.

The diseased joint is characterized by swelling and deformation, which leads to impaired movement in it. The skin over the affected joints first turns red and then becomes bluish.

Articular syndrome usually lasts no more than a week and does not lead to permanent deformation of the joints.

Abdominal syndrome

Abdominal symptoms occur in half of the patients and are caused by numerous hemorrhages in the peritoneum and intestinal wall. Abdominal syndrome manifests itself as sudden paroxysmal pain in the abdomen (intestinal colic), but moderate pain is also possible. At the peak of pain, the patient vomits blood and stools containing blood (melena). The pain is usually around the navel, but pain is also possible in other parts of the abdomen, which resembles, or.

In parallel with the pain syndrome, pale skin and mucous membranes appear, a sunken face, sunken eyes, a dry tongue, and sharpened facial features.

Signs of peritoneal irritation (peritoneal symptoms) are also determined. A painful attack forces the patient to take a forced position: lying on his side with his legs bent and pressed to his stomach.

The development of surgical complications requiring surgery is possible: intussusception or intestinal obstruction, perforation of the appendix with the occurrence of peritonitis. Abdominal syndrome usually resolves on its own within two to three days.

Renal syndrome

Often, with hemorrhagic vasculitis, the kidneys are also involved in the process. Kidney damage is caused by the formation of blood clots in the small vessels of the glomeruli, which leads to the development of glomerulonephritis. Clinically, renal syndrome is manifested by micro- and macrohematuria (blood is found in the urine), and nephrotic syndrome, that is, edema. Renal syndrome does not occur immediately, but after the skin and abdominal syndromes subside, usually this occurs in the first year of the disease. The incidence ranges from 40 to 60 percent of cases.

Other symptoms

Other manifestations of the disease are quite rare. This may involve involvement of the brain and spinal cord, hemorrhagic pneumonia, etc., which are diagnosed using special studies.

Anemic syndrome

The development of anemia in hemorrhagic vasculitis is considered a complication of the disease. Clinically, it is manifested by general weakness and fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness and fainting, tinnitus and flashing “spots” before the eyes.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis during pregnancy

As stated in the causes of the disease, carrying a fetus can trigger the occurrence of Henoch-Schönlein disease. Since the disease is systemic, it “triggers” antiphospholipid syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome during gestation is fraught with intrauterine growth retardation, miscarriage or premature birth, placental abruption. If the disease occurs during pregnancy, aspirin and heparin are prescribed in low dosages.

Features of the disease in children

In children, in half of the cases the disease occurs without a hemorrhagic rash, which complicates diagnosis. First of all, in children, the pathological process involves the joints with the development of articular syndrome and the digestive tract with the development of abdominal syndrome. The disease usually begins and progresses acutely.

In the event of a hemorrhagic rash, the severity of its exudative component (“swollen” papules) and a tendency to generalization are observed, that is, the rash covers almost the entire surface of the skin. In addition, hemorrhagic vasculitis in childhood is also characterized by a tendency to recur.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease begins with collecting complaints and studying the medical history and life history (recent infections, presence of chronic diseases, heredity). Then a thorough examination of the patient is carried out, during which the color of the skin, the presence/absence of hemorrhagic rashes, the condition of large joints are assessed, the abdomen is palpated, etc.

The following laboratory methods are used:

With a low degree of activity or at the onset of the disease, the blood flow rate is within normal limits. Subsequently, there may be an increase in white blood cells (leukocytosis) and neutrophils (neutrophyllosis), a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin due to hemorrhagic hemorrhages in the skin. ESR also increases.

In the case of the development of renal syndrome, red blood cells (hematuria), protein (proteinuria) and casts (cylindruria) are found in the TAM.

The amount of sialic acids, fibrinogen, haptoglobulin, α-globulins and γ-globulins is determined. With hemorrhagic vasculitis, their content increases. The content of cholesterol, creatinine and uric acid and other indicators are also determined to identify concomitant pathologies.

• (decreased urine density in renal syndrome).

• Stool analysis

With abdominal syndrome, blood can be detected in the stool, which indicates intestinal bleeding.

• Immunological study

Class A immunological complexes are determined (increased). There may be an increase in CRP (C-reactive protein), which is typical for autoimmune diseases.

• (within normal limits).
• Blood for viral hepatitis (B, C)

Determination of immunoglobulins for hepatitis, which can give rise to the development of the disease.

Among the instrumental methods used:

• Ultrasound of the kidneys (for renal syndrome);
• (for abdominal pain);
• biopsy of the kidneys (for renal syndrome) and skin - damage to small vessels, detection of inflammation in them and destruction of the walls;
• endoscopic methods (FGDS, and bronchoscopy and others).

Other research methods also help in diagnosing the disease:

• pinch test - the occurrence of subcutaneous hemorrhages when the skin is compressed;
• tourniquet test - the appearance of hemorrhages when a tourniquet is applied to the shoulder;
• cuff test - when a tonometer cuff is applied and air is pumped into it, subcutaneous hemorrhages appear.

Treatment

A rheumatologist treats hemorrhagic vasculitis. If complications arise, doctors of other specialties (surgeons, nephrologists and others) are involved. All patients in acute condition and in case of recurrence of the process are hospitalized. Bed rest is indicated, which helps limit movements in the limbs, improve microcirculation and reduce the likelihood of increased skin hemorrhages. A hypoallergenic diet is also prescribed. The following medications are prescribed:

Basic therapy

• taking enterosorbents (activated carbon, enterosgel and others), which bind toxins in the intestines and remove them from the body;
• antiplatelet drugs (chimes, aspirin, trental, ticlopidine) – prevent the formation of blood clots, improve microcirculation;
• purpose - improve blood rheology, increase its fluidity, reduce coagulation and thrombus formation;
• taking antihistamines (tavegil, ketotifen, claritin) - prevent the development of allergic reactions;
• infusion (intravenous) infusion of solutions – removal of harmful substances from the body;
• taking glucocorticoids (prednisolone, methylprednisolone) - have antihistamine, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects - effective for renal and articular syndromes;
• antibiotics and antimicrobials - to fight infection.

Complementary or alternative therapy

• taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (, indomethacin) - act as antipyretics, relieve pain and suppress inflammation - prescribed for articular syndrome;
• taking some vitamins - membrane stabilizers, strengthen the vascular wall, prevent hemorrhages (vitamins A, E, nicotinic acid, group B);
• cytostatics – stop the growth of tumor cells and inhibit the functioning of the immune system, that is, suppress allergic reactions;
• plasmapheresis and hemodialysis – purification of blood from harmful substances and allergic immune complexes;
• Calcium preparations – prevent the leaching of calcium salts from the body.

Symptomatic treatment

• antispasmodics (, spazgan) - reduce muscle tone around damaged joints, relieve pain;
• antacids (Almagel, Maalox) - reduce the acidity of gastric juice, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the gastric mucosa by hormones (prednisolone).

If surgical complications of hemorrhagic vasculitis occur, surgical treatment is performed (appendectomy, intestinal resection, etc.).

Question answer

Question:
What is meant by a hypoallergenic diet?

Answer: First of all, highly allergenic foods should be excluded from consumption, such as eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits and cocoa, sea fish and seafood, and nuts. It is also necessary to avoid fatty and fried foods. The diet should be dominated by low-fat dairy products, stewed and boiled dishes. Green apples, cereal porridges, turkey and rabbit meat, and vegetable oils are allowed.

Question:
What is the prognosis for hemorrhagic vasculitis?

Answer: As a rule, the prognosis, especially for mild forms of the disease, is favorable. Severe hemorrhagic vasculitis is fraught with recurrence of the disease and the occurrence of complications (nephritis, complicated). With the fulminant form, there is a high probability of death within a few days after the onset of the disease.

Question:
Are patients who have suffered hemorrhagic vasculitis taken to the dispensary?

Answer: Clinical follow-up in adults after illness is not indicated. Children must be monitored for two years. Monthly for the first six months, quarterly for the next six months, and every 6 months for the last year. Children should not play sports; physiotherapy and insolation (sun exposure) are contraindicated for them.

Question:
Is it possible to develop complications and consequences after hemorrhagic vasculitis and what are they?

Answer: Yes, the disease can lead to intestinal obstruction and peritonitis, chronic renal failure, dysfunction of internal organs (heart, liver), anemia and pulmonary hemorrhages; in children, hemorrhagic diathesis may develop.