Mercantile - prudent (selfish, petty).
Repression - punishment (punishment, violence).
Legitimate - legal.
Corsair is a pirate.
Goalkeeper - goalkeeper.
Incident - incident (case).
Preventive - warning.
Tactile - tactile.
Apogee - the highest point (culmination, limit).

The first thing you should do is to try to minimize the use of hackneyed expressions and words that you use in your everyday life. For example, a banal set of words like “good”, “beautiful”, “smart”, etc. can be replaced with less hackneyed, alternative options, because for each of them you can pick up at least a dozen synonyms using an explanatory dictionary.

For example, the word “beautiful”, depending on the situation, can be replaced by “bright”, “graceful”, “luxurious”, “incomparable”, “magnificent”, “delightful”. "Useful" in daily conversation can be used as "profitable", "fruitful", "expedient", "practical", "necessary". Even the simple word "smart" has many synonyms. They should be remembered and appealed as needed. Here are some of them: "witty", "resourceful", "quick-witted", "worthy", "wise", "intelligent".

It also does not hurt to learn some smart words and their meaning, thanks to which you can produce the desired effect on others:

Idiosyncrasy is intolerance.

Transcendental - abstract, mental, theoretical.

Esotericism is a mystical teaching.

A truism is a well-known fact, statement or opinion.

Euphemism is the replacement of harsh, rude words and expressions with more acceptable and softer ones.

Sophistry - the ability to bitingly argue, skillfully juggle words.

Eclecticism is a combination of diverse theories, views or things.

Homogeneous - homogeneous.

Invective - abuse, obscene abuse.

Decadence is decline.

Hyperbole is an exaggeration.

Frustration is disappointment.

Discourse is conversation, conversation.

At first, using smart words for communication, you may experience some awkwardness in conversation, your tongue will seem to be weaving and stumbling over “new expressions”. It's not scary, a new colloquial form, like a new pair of shoes, should be broken in. After a while, without hesitation, you will pick up more successful synonyms and expressions to express your opinion.

We will tell you without equivocation: teaching is light. And this is not a maxim, we just do not want you to ever be overtaken by deprivation and frustration! Didn't understand any of the above? It's not scary, we will tell you 46 words, using which in your speech, you will look more solid and wiser. Save the ataraxia, we're starting the excursion!

1. Addiction - dependence on a person, object, process.

2. Ataraxia - calmness, peace, equanimity, phlegmatism.

3. Voluntarism is a political method based on the adoption of arbitrary decisions contrary to common sense and circumstances.

4. Hapophobia - fear of being touched by strangers.

5. Gynecomastia - male breast enlargement.

6. Hyperbole - exaggeration. For example, “Katka weighs 100 times more than me!”

7. Glossary - a list of highly specialized words with a translation and explanation of each of them.

8. Glossophobia - fear of public speaking. 9. Epistemology - a philosophical theory that studies the boundaries of human knowledge.

10. Homogeneous - homogeneous, the same.

11. Deviant behavior- does not meet the norms established in society.

12. Deprivation - a feeling of dissatisfaction.

13. Defenestration - the process of throwing a person out of a window (the term is associated with the events that took place in Prague in 1419 and 1618).

14. Dysania - a condition in which it is difficult to get out of bed in the morning. Often seen on Mondays.

15. Idiosyncrasy - intolerance to anything - from medicine to people.

16. Invective - a pamphlet ridiculing a person or group of people.

17. Interrobang - the use of interrogative and exclamation marks in a row.

18. Cognitive dissonance - new information, the perception of which conflicts with previously accumulated knowledge.

19. Collywooble - the sound of a hungry whale in the stomach. Or just a growl.

20. Congruence - honesty, openness.

21. Lemniscate - an algebraic curve, looks like an inverted figure eight or an infinity sign.

22. Lunula - a synonym for the word "hole", a white area at the beginning of the nail.

23. Metrosexual - a young man who devotes a lot of time to self-care, monitors the latest trends fashion and scrupulous about their appearance.

24. Mondegrin - a misrepresentation, for example, words in songs that cannot be made out without reading their text.

25. Natiforma - stones, mountains, rocks, trees, the shape of which resembles a female figure.

26. Obelus - a dash between a colon, a division sign.

28. Paresthesia - when it reduces the leg or arm.

29. Petrikor - fragrance after rain.

30. Punt - the bottom of a wine bottle.

32. Scholasticism is a philosophical trend of the 5th-15th centuries.

33. Sivtsev table - a table for checking eyesight. SBMNK.

34. Textrovert - a supporter of the printed manifestation of feelings.

35. Truism is an axiom. Something that has long been known everywhere and to everyone.

36. Ubiquists are living creatures that can be found in any corner of the globe.

37. Ferrul - a metal part in the form of rings that connects something. For example, the base of a pencil and an eraser.

38. Fetish - an object of worship, an idol.

39. Filtrum - a dimple between the nose and upper lip.

40. Phosphenes - "butterflies", "flowers" and other highlights that you see after closing your eyes.

41. Frisson - covered with goosebumps while listening to your favorite music.

42. Frustration - sadness, disappointment, depression, despondency.

43. Euphemism - a word that replaces another word that is more rude or even obscene.

44. Aglet - a plastic tip of a lace. It can also be metal and rubber.

45. Egocentric - a person who is unable to accept someone else's point of view, selfish.

46. ​​Equivoki - hints. That's all! 5 minutes of reading, and you are already a great conversationalist!

2. Equivalences - ambiguous hints, evasions.
3. Deviant - a person who does not meet the norm.
4. Catharsis - a change in consciousness through strong experiences.
5. Ataraxia - peace of mind, equanimity, serenity, wisdom.
6. Deprivation - a feeling of insufficient satisfaction of one's needs.
7. Amok - sudden onset violent mental disorder
8. Frustration - a period of complete disappointment in life.
9. Palinphrasia - pathologically frequent repetition of certain words or phrases in speech (for example, "damn", "as if", "actually").
10. Antimony - chatter, empty talk (to breed antimony).
11. Hapophobia - fear of being touched by other people.
12. Mojo - originally an African magical amulet (amulet) for happiness and good luck, in modern cultures the word has come to mean a positive state, something like charming charisma, which, by the way, can be lost.
13. Fetish - the object of blind unconscious worship.
14. Distinia - depressed, dreary mood.
15. Gestalt - a form or image, as some kind of integral formations and the fundamental principle of the psyche.
16. Freak - a person who is bright, unusual, extravagant appearance and defiant behavior, as well as having an extraordinary worldview, which is the result of the rejection of social stereotypes.
17. Zugzwang - a forced move in a chess game that worsens the position of the player who made it. IN broad sense: a situation in which any action only worsens the situation.
18. Frisson - goosebumps.
19. Textrovert - someone who finds it easier to talk about their feelings in a text message than live.
20. Glossophobia - fear of speaking in public.

Words for literate speech. 11 ways to make speech literate

Beautiful literate speech is an indicator of education, a guarantee that you will be understood correctly. Therefore, the phrase "who owns the word - owns the world" is relevant in our time. After all, literacy and figurativeness of speech is characteristic world leaders, diplomats and other personalities. Therefore, if you can correctly and clearly convey thoughts and ideas to others, then a professional career you are provided.

What is literate speech

Competent beautiful speech helps us to establish full-fledged communication with the interlocutor. A wrong statement of speech with big amount stylistic mistakes will negate all efforts, for example, when communicating with the boss or in a conflict situation in the family.

In addition, literacy is incompatible with swear words, so even a good-looking person uses frank abuse in his speech, he still will not become a cultural intellectual. Therefore, good speech and verbal abuse and obscenities are incompatible.

Moreover, literacy is not only the ability to accurately and clearly express thoughts, but also to speak to the point so that everything is clear to everyone.

Trying to make your conversation literate, pay attention not only to your vocabulary, but also to culture. To do this, speak, taking into account the rules and norms of punctuation, as well as the style of the Russian language.

Literacy is the observance of the rules for placing stress, the ability to raise or lower the tone at the right time, observe intonation, and the ability to pause.

Criteria that determine speech literacy

Speech culture:

• relevance;
• literacy of voiced information;
• accessibility of the statement;
• the use of epithets, metaphors and phraseological units;
• variety of speech without tautology;
• aesthetics.

The scarcity of vocabulary and illiteracy repels the interlocutor and annoys. Even if you allow yourself tongue-tied at home, it is unlikely that you will conduct a business conversation correctly and will be able to speak correctly when talking with your boss. And over time, when you have children, they will take over illiterate words from you.

How to improve speech

During the conversation, keep a friendly tone and change intonation depending on the situation. To make tonality and intonation richer, learn to read with expression.

How to develop speech

An assistant in the development of speech will be a crossword puzzle. It will help you memorize new words. Play with friends or with your children using a spelling dictionary to guess words. The meaning of this game is that the presenter reads out the description, and the rest can only guess the word from the description.

Those for whom literacy is required for professional growth cannot cope without specialized literature. In this case, use the work of Radislav Gandapas and the manual by I. Golub and D. Rosenthal "Secrets of Stylistics".

Help from professionals

If you need a teacher, then a highly qualified teacher will provide you competent speech. But where is it to be found? Contact your school teacher or a familiar philologist, and if the opportunity allows you to take lessons from a teacher specializing in rhetoric, then you should take advantage of this.

Making speech literate is no more difficult than losing weight, but to achieve this, you just need to want to.

Make your speech richer
Easily!..
In short, here we are… We thought that we should make your speech… sort of more eloquent. So read the advice of the head of the School of Oratory and Communication Skills Felix Kirsanov - and then not a single mime will call you tongue-tied anymore.

Open your mouth, open your eyes
“Reading aloud with expression at a conversational pace for at least ten minutes a day is one of the the best exercises for the development of speech, since in addition to increasing vocabulary, this method can hone intonation, diction, form grammatical correctness and other elements of speech, ”says Felix. But do not scare the neighbors with a passionate reading of the composition of the air freshener. Use literature rich in graceful turns and refined vocabulary (any librarian will recommend such books with tears of tenderness in your eyes). After reading several books, choose the one that you liked the most and study only with it - such repetition allows you to better remember both individual words and whole speech turns. And do not hack, clearly convey the intonation of the text and pronounce the words in full voice - this is the only way you will use more senses (vision, hearing and speech) and therefore you will remember everything much better than if you read to yourself. “Regular reading aloud allows you to straighten the angularity of speech - it eliminates tongue-tied and clumsy expressions, improves speech style and makes speech more beautiful,” Felix asserts with a penetrating look.

retell
This exercise reinforces the effect of reading aloud. When retelling what you read, try to use exactly the words that were used in the original text. “This method allows you to activate the passive vocabulary. These are the words and expressions that we, in principle, know, but do not use in speech. "Hacking hitching post", for example. And since passive stock most often exceeds active, regular use of it will add many new words to your speech.

Mine and play
Get a notebook or, if you prefer, a computer file, where you will collect all the interesting phrases, witty expressions, non-standard phrases and individual words that you will find in texts or hear from other people. “This collection should be reread periodically, preferably aloud,” advises Felix. As soon as they are fixed in your memory, try to use them more often in communicating with people.

Synonym leapfrog
At first glance, the dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language is not as exciting reading as, for example, a detective story, therefore it requires concentration. This exercise is actually very interesting as it allows you to draw funny word patterns. “You need to exercise as follows: take any text (your own or someone else’s - it doesn’t matter) and replace all words with synonyms so that the meaning of the text does not suffer.”

Words that will decorate the lexicon. Replenishment of the lexicon with the allocation of time

The following activities will help you increase your vocabulary.

• Reading. Reading is the richest source of information. Books, newspapers, online publications, magazines - everywhere there are inexhaustible reserves of replenishment of the lexicon. It is advisable to set aside an hour a day for this exciting activity. Sometimes it's good to say the words out loud.
• Studying of foreign language. Do not limit your vocabulary to knowledge of one Russian language. Others are also useful to study. The more a person enriches his speech, the better connections are made, and the easier it is to recall words from memory.
• Games. There are interesting exciting linguistic games: charades, puzzles and the like. When they are guessed, they are involuntarily interested in words and meaning.
• Diary. Another useful activity is keeping a diary. When it is impossible to go to foreign language courses, they write for themselves. This good way improve the vocabulary, as by taking notes, they formulate thoughts that are in the emotional and motivational spheres.
• Memorization. Memorization makes it possible to bring new words into the active stock. For this, there is a way of retelling what was heard, memorizing verses and definitions. It is one of the most effective methods of mastering new knowledge.