Who does Georgia border on the map? Anbosta Travel Agency

Who does Russia border on in the south? There are a number of countries that are located next to the Russian Federation in this area: one of such states is Georgia. For many centuries they were friendly countries, but certain events made adjustments to their strong bond, practically terminating diplomatic relations. Despite political disagreements, entry into this country for residents of the Russian Federation is still simplified.

Recently, Russian-Georgian relations have begun to improve. For example, back in that year, Georgia made changes regarding the stay of Russian tourists in the country: now you can safely use visa-free entry. Many who want to visit here ask the question: “what is the situation on the border of Georgia with Russia at the present time”? It is worth noting that the situation is calm, everything is proceeding as normal: the main thing is to follow certain travel rules.

Territorial neighbors

Russia and Georgia are neighboring states: the southern border of the Russian Federation with Georgia runs through the Caucasus Mountains from the Black to the Caspian Sea. Who else does Russia border on this side? For example, with South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Azerbaijan. But here we will talk in more detail about the land border between Russia and Georgia, about the rules that must be followed when crossing it and certain nuances.

Border

The Russian-Georgian land border passes through the Verkhniy Lars checkpoint, which is located 50 km from Vladikavkaz; as for the remaining checkpoints, they are now closed. The length of the state border of Georgia is 2148 km. The country is located next to such states as Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey. The border between Georgia and Russia is about 900 km long.

Contact details

And about. the head of the post is Lieutenant Colonel of the Customs Service Oleg Ibragimovich Tsoraev. Duty service telephone number: +7-8672-252-753. Checkpoint opening hours this moment: from 04:30 to 17:30. During this period, registration of cars and trucks takes place. The schedule may change depending on circumstances, so please check ahead of time for this information.

Road to Georgia: online webcams

Online webcams broadcast entry into Russia and exit into Georgia in real time. With their help, you can assess the current situation, for example, determine how long the queue is at the entrance to the checkpoint and plan your actions based on this. The picture on them changes every 15-20 minutes. The situation on the border between Georgia and Russia is now calm, but due to the summer season there is a large flow of traffic through the crossing.

Border of Russia and Georgia: "Upper Lars"

Regardless of the method of crossing the Georgian border, you will in any case need to go through a checkpoint, so take care of a few things in advance so that your trip is not marred by troubles. It is not possible to cross the border on foot, however, it is allowed to do so by bicycle.

The checkpoint is the only land border crossing through which you can get from Russia to Georgia. In 2009, the solemn completion of the construction of a multilateral automobile checkpoint - Stepantsminda - took place. Everyone who wants to get to Armenia or Georgia by car or bus passes through this place. The Russian-Georgian border passes in this area. The checkpoint is in normal mode, and from that , and on the other hand, as a rule, should work around the clock, however, its work schedule may change depending on natural disasters and other circumstances. For this reason, before leaving, it is better to check whether Upper Lars is open for travel.

In summer, the number of people wishing to cross the border becomes significantly larger, so the load on the checkpoint increases significantly. However, despite this, the Georgian side decided to operate the checkpoint not around the clock, but only for the period from 4:30 am to 5:30 pm. According to the project, the throughput of Upper Lars is 400 transport units per day, but in July 2016 a significant excess of this figure was recorded: sometimes more than 2,000 cars pass through the checkpoint per day.

It is noted that the border between Georgia and Russia is currently not accessible for pedestrians to cross: foreign citizens must be in a car or bus. If the checkpoint operates as usual, then the main traffic flow occurs between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m., as well as after 6 p.m.

Village of Verkhniy Lars

This is a Russian, Ossetian village, which also serves as a checkpoint. Is in North Ossetia on the Georgian Military Road near the border of the two states. Belongs to the urban district of the city of Vladikavkaz. The road to Georgia runs through this settlement. The village is located in a mountainous area on the coast of the Terek River. Since 2009, a checkpoint has been located here. The settlement is located 30 km south of Vladikavkaz towards the Daryali checkpoint, located on the territory of Georgia. Currently, most of the population of Upper Lars has moved to live in neighboring villages and Vladikavkaz.

Visa

Since June last year, new rules have been in effect according to which citizens of 93 countries, including Russians, no longer require a visa if their stay in the country lasts less than one year. The border between Georgia and Russia is thus open to everyone: crossing it does not require an entry document. If a Russian citizen decides to stay in the country for a longer period, he will need to obtain a residence permit. An entry document is important for those who decide to stay in Georgia for a long time in order to obtain education or work. To obtain a visa, please contact the Interests Section at the Swiss Embassy in Moscow (we do not have a Georgian diplomatic mission).

Crossing Georgia by car: list of documents

When crossing the border, you will need to go through the Verkhniy Lars checkpoint - this is the only legal way to enter the country by land. Here is the border between Russia and Georgia. By car you can without special problems drive through the checkpoint, following certain rules.

The main document is a passport. It must contain two blank pages, and the document must not contain notes about visiting South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The foreign passport must be valid after completion of the trip for more than 3 months. In addition to the main document, the driver will have to present a vehicle registration certificate (vehicle registration certificate). The legal owner must have the usual set of documents for the car. Also - a driver's license with duplicate data in Latin.

In the event that the car does not belong to you, and the owner remains in Russia, you must have a power of attorney in your hands, which confirms the right to travel abroad with this car. The document must be certified by a notary. Let us note that in Georgia there is no requirement to have compulsory car insurance, but it is still better to have it, it is not necessary to have driver's license international standard. There is such a peculiarity: cars registered in Crimea are not allowed into Georgia.

The route for traveling by car when crossing the border starts from the Georgian Military Road. You will see Kazbek, Terek, Daryala Gorge, temples and Basically, first everyone goes to the capital - Tbilisi. Tourists then go to Mtskheta, Ananuri, Telavi, Gremi and other cities. From Tbilisi they also go to Batumi and Borjomi. The most popular resorts here are Gonio, Sarpi, Kobuleti and Kvariati.

Border crossing violation

In connection with the armed conflicts that were associated with South Ossetia and Abkhazia, a rule was introduced in Georgia according to which the foreign passports of those entering the country should not contain any marks about visiting these republics. The checkpoints located on the border with them are closed, so such entry is considered illegal. As a result of such a violation, travelers may be subject to a fine of 400 to 800 Georgian lari, and in some cases imprisonment.

How to get to Georgia from Moscow?

In this case, the route will run along the Don, bypassing Voronezh. You need to go to Rostov-on-Don. The distance to this point will be approximately 1100 km. Next, the road will go through Oktyabrskaya and Kushchevskaya, then the intersection with the P-217 Caucasus highway. The route goes through Kropotkin, Armavir, Nevinnomysk and Vladikavkaz. Next you need to move along the A-161 Vladikavkaz-Georgia highway. The next point will be crossing the border: here the mountainous terrain begins with dangerous sections, descents and ascents. The route as a whole is about 2000 km, then there is another 200 km to Tbilisi.

customs control

Crossing the border between Russia and Georgia must comply with certain rules. Border control and customs inspection procedures are not subject to any taxes or fees. Filling out the customs declaration is allowed in Russian. On the Georgian side, much attention is paid to checking things. You will need to declare some items that you intend to transport abroad. It is prohibited to take with you: explosives and narcotic substances, extremist literature, weapons and pornographic materials.

Items of historical and cultural value will need to be declared. There are certain rules regarding money: this year the maximum amount should not exceed 30 thousand lari, there are no restrictions on other currencies. If you are carrying a larger amount, you must have current documents confirming their origin. You can take out of the country up to 3,000 lari. Note: to avoid difficulties when leaving Georgia, it is recommended to declare imported cash if its amount exceeds $2,000.

The state duty does not need to be paid if the weight of personal items does not exceed 100 kg, the number of cigarettes is up to 200 pieces, alcohol - up to 10 liters of beer and up to 3 liters of wine, food products weighing no more than 5 kg, and there is also jewelry for personal use.

Documents required for child passengers

Children must be included in their parents' passport or have their own passport. In addition, it is important to have a birth certificate for the child. If a child is traveling without parents - with third parties (close relatives), it is necessary to have written permission from one of the parents or guardian, which will be certified by a notary.

Responsibility for illegal border crossing

Only one crossing between Russia and Georgia is currently open, namely the Kazbegi/Verkhniy Lars checkpoint along the Vladikavkaz-Tbilisi highway. As we noted earlier, the border cannot be crossed through Abkhazia and South Ossetia, since in this case entry will be considered illegal. In this case, you will end up in the bullpen in Georgia, after which you will need to pay a fine equal to approximately 1150 in US dollars. The border between Georgia and Russia, therefore, should only be crossed through this checkpoint.

There have been cases when foreign citizens entered Georgia through the Gantiadi-Adler checkpoint from Abkhazia and from Tskhinvali the Rock-Nizhny Zaramag checkpoint. When entering the country without going through border control, citizens who violate the rules are punished with a fine of about $230, and even imprisonment for a period of 3 to 5 years. In the future, the fine will be increased at least twice. If the illegal border crossing was committed by a group of people, then in this case the violators are punished by imprisonment for a term of 4 to 5 years.

What is the procedure for crossing the border from the Russian side?

You need to drive up to the barrier at the entrance to the checkpoint, and then get a control ticket at the booth. Then, having passed it, go to border control. You enter any free corridor, or the border guard himself points you in the direction. Next comes an inspection of the vehicle. There will be a hole under the car through which the bottom of the car can be seen; if necessary, mirrors can be used during the inspection.

After that stop at the end of the corridor, passengers will need to get out of the car and open all doors and the trunk. Customs officers will inspect the contents of the cabin and may also check all bags. After this procedure, citizens in a car or bus go through passport control and also receive a stamp confirming legal border crossing.

You must go through similar procedures when you leave Georgia. In terms of time, registration can take about 2-3 hours; the procedure for crossing the border from Georgia is much simpler, taking no more than 10-15 minutes.

What is subject to the declaration procedure?

This list includes: live animals, birds, plants, communications and high-frequency equipment, securities, medicines, jewelry, stones, treasures, art objects, antiques, poisonous and radioactive substances, cash and securities worth more than 30 thousand lari , as well as goods intended for commercial activities. To move jewelry, for example, a special permit is required, which must be issued by the Georgian Ministry of Culture.

An individual has the right to fill out a customs declaration in both Russian, Georgian or English.

Note

If you are bringing medications with you, problems may arise when entering Georgia. For example, drugs such as antibiotics and afobazole, which are available for free sale in our country, can only be purchased with a prescription in this country. For this reason, the tourist may not be allowed in or given permission to enter after lengthy proceedings. It is better not to keep them in sight and, at least, not to carry them with you in large numbers. Restrictions apply to agricultural products: they can also be confiscated, especially cheeses.

Animal Rules

Pets with whom you are going on a trip must have with you. If, for example, there is a dog with you, you must have a record of standard vaccinations in the international veterinary passport of the animal, in particular, there must be a note about the rabies vaccination, which was given to the pet within a maximum of a year before visiting the country, and at least a month before. 3-5 days before your trip, fill out a certificate of form No. 1 at the veterinary clinic.

Transit

In order to travel through the territory of Georgia to another country, for example, Armenia, you can also take advantage of visa-free entry by presenting a foreign passport. Transit passengers are subject to the same rules as those who decide to stay in Georgia.

Obtaining a visa

A visa to Georgia is required for those Russians who plan to stay in the country for a period exceeding a year. Previously, the maximum time during which one could stay abroad was three months. In the event that a tourist or your private visit should last for a long time, or you plan to work or study in Georgia, then a visa will need to be obtained in advance in Russia. To clarify details on this issue, you need to contact the Georgian Interests Section at the Swiss Embassy.

Visa-free entry

Russian citizens who are going to take a short trip to Georgia do not have to worry about having a visa and other documents that would need to be specially collected for the trip. Visa-free entry is valid for all types of transport. Upon entry and exit, stamps with dates will be affixed; accordingly, based on the information contained in these marks, control will be carried out over compliance with the period of stay in the country.

To cross the border by air, it will be enough to have only one document - a passport. If there is a need to stay in the state for a period of more than a year, then it will be necessary to apply for a residence permit.

Georgia is an amazing country where different cultures, traditions and religions intersect. In this country, any tourist can find what he likes most - snow-capped peaks, the subtropical Black Sea coast with cypresses, fir trees and palm trees, unique mineral springs and balneological resorts, breathtaking landscapes with beautiful nature, ancient fortresses, as well as very tasty cuisine.

Geography of Georgia

Georgia is located in the Caucasus at the crossroads of Western Asia and of Eastern Europe. In the north, Georgia borders with Russia, in the south with Armenia and Turkey, and in the southeast with Azerbaijan. In the west, the Georgian shores are washed by the waters of the Black Sea. total area this country – 69,700 sq. km., and the total length of the state border is 1,461 km.

In the north of Georgia there is the Greater Caucasus mountain range. There are three mountains in Georgia whose height exceeds 5 thousand meters - Shkhara (5,068 m), Dzhangitau (5,059 m), Kazbek (5,033 m). In the west of the country is the Colchis Plain.

Many beautiful rivers flow through Georgia. The largest of them are Kura (1,364 km), Tegri (623 km) and Chorokhi (438 km).

Capital

The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi, which is now home to more than 1.2 million people. Historians claim that human settlement on the territory of modern Tbilisi existed 5 thousand years ago.

Official language of Georgia

The official language in Georgia is Georgian, which belongs to the Kartvelian language family.

Religion

About 84% of the population of Georgia are Orthodox Christians belonging to the Georgian Orthodox Church, and another 9% of Georgians consider themselves Muslims (Shiites).

State structure of Georgia

According to the current Constitution of 1995, Georgia is a presidential republic. Its head is the President, elected by the people for a term of 5 years.

In Georgia, legislative power belongs to the unicameral Parliament (150 deputies). Members of Parliament are elected for a 4-year term.

The main political parties in Georgia are the “United National Movement”, “Georgian Dream - Democratic Georgia”, “Conservative Party”, “Republican Party”, “Our Georgia - Free Democrats”.

Climate and weather

The climate in Georgia is very diverse. Conventionally, this country can be divided into two climatic zones– East and West. The Greater Caucasus Range protects Georgia from the cold wind from the north, and the Lesser Caucasus mountain system protects Georgia from the south.

Most of Western Georgia (Batumi) is in a subtropical humid climate. The wettest region in Georgia is Adjara, where an average of 5,500 mm of precipitation falls annually.

In Eastern Georgia the climate is transitional from humid subtropical to continental. The weather in this region is influenced by air from the Caspian and Black Seas. Every year, 400 - 1,600 mm of precipitation falls here.

The average annual air temperature in Tbilisi is +13.3C. In July and August average temperature air temperature in Georgia is +31C, and in January - -2C.

Sea in Georgia

In the west, the Georgian shores are washed by the waters of the Black Sea. The coastline is 310 km. Most of the Black Sea coast in Georgia is a resort area.

Rivers and lakes

Many rivers flow through the territory of Georgia. The largest of them are Kura (1,364 km), Tegri (623 km), Chorokhi (438 km) and Alazani (351 km). As for the lakes in Georgia, the largest of them are Paravani, Kartsakhi and Paleostomi.

History of Georgia

The history of Georgia is an endless series of wars, uprisings and revolutions. The territory in which Georgia is located (between the Black and Caspian seas) has attracted various conquerors over the centuries. Georgia has always been involved in the sphere of economic and political interests of large states. Georgia is a relatively young state, formed in the 10th century, but its history began long before that...

The history of Georgian statehood begins with the emergence of Colchis and the Iberian kingdom. So. Colchis was founded in the 6th century AD.

In the 10th century, King Bagrat III united the eastern and western parts of Georgia into single state. It reached its peak in the 12th century during the reign of King David the Builder. In the 13th century, Georgia was invaded by the Tatar-Mongols, and in the 15th century by the troops of Timur.

In the 18th-19th centuries, Georgia gradually became part of Russian Empire. But it was only in the 1870s that the troops of the Ottoman Empire were finally expelled from Georgia.

In 1918, Georgia became part of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, and in 1936 – part of the USSR.

Georgia's independence was declared in 1991. In 1992, Georgia became a member of the UN.

Culture

For many centuries, winemaking was not only the basis of Georgia’s economic wealth, but also part of its spiritual culture. Wine for Georgians is not just a drink. Wine in Georgia is more like a religion. The vine is often mentioned in Georgian legends and songs.

Georgia has very strong traditions of hospitality. Previously, Georgian houses even had special guest rooms (or separate houses), where any guest could enter, eat and spend the night there.

Each Georgian holiday must occur in a certain order. This is monitored by a special person - the toastmaster. According to traditions, the toastmaster must be the owner of the house himself or he must be chosen from among the most respected guests.

Georgian traditions, as well as Georgian hospitality, are reflected in wedding customs. You need to invite many guests to a Georgian wedding (sometimes their number reaches several hundred). Refusing to come to a wedding means insulting the inviting party, and because of this, a blood feud may begin.

Georgian cuisine

Perhaps some tourists who have visited Georgia will say that its most important attraction is the local Georgian cuisine. The traditional Georgian feast is an integral element of Georgian culture.

Georgians love and know how to cook meat. Dishes such as shish kebab, “chicken tobacco”, chikhirtma and chakhokhbili have long gained popularity in the most different countries peace.

A distinctive feature of Georgian cuisine is a large number of sauces. The same dish in Georgia can be served with different sauces, and it will differ not only in appearance, but also in taste and aroma. Sauces in Georgia are made from berries, fruits, tomatoes, pomegranates, blackberries, barberries, which are boiled and then mixed with vinegar and spices.

Another one distinctive feature Georgian cuisine - an abundance of cheeses. Each region in Georgia boasts its own traditional type of cheese. The most famous varieties of cheese are “Suluguni”, “Kobisky” and “Chanakh”.

Georgians often use nuts for cooking - almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts.

Very important element Georgian cuisine - spices. They are used to prepare breakfast, lunch and dinner. The most popular spices (depending on the season) are parsley, dill, wild garlic, mint, basil, savory, tarragon, etc.

On the Georgian table, next to the meat, there must always be vegetables and herbs. Most vegetable dishes are prepared from eggplant, beans, cabbage, beets and tomatoes. Thus, in Georgian cuisine there are several dozen eggplant dishes.

Soups are very popular in Georgia, which can be meat, vegetarian or dairy. Soup in Georgia is usually cooked without vegetables, and always seasoned with flour or eggs.

Instead of bread in Georgia they use “gomi”, a very thick corn porridge, as well as “shoti” (white leavened bread) and “mchadi” (corn cakes).

A Georgian feast cannot be imagined without wine. Georgian wines are known in many countries of the world. The most popular Georgian wines are Khvanchkara, Kindzmarauli, Saperavi, Tvishi and Tsinandali.

Sights of Georgia

According to official data, there are now more than 10 thousand historical, architectural and archaeological monuments in Georgia. In our opinion, the Top 10 best Georgian attractions may include the following:

1. Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta
2. Zion Cathedral in Tbilisi
3. Church of St. Mary in Tbilisi
4. Gremi Citadel on the Intsoba River
5. Shio-Mgvime Monastery
6. Jvari Church in Mtskheta
7. Ananuri Fortress
8. Akhali Shuamta Nunnery
9. Khertvisi Fortress
10. Samtavro Convent

Cities and resorts

The largest Georgian cities are Batumi, Rustavi, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Poti, Gori, and, of course, Tbilisi.

On the Black Sea coast in Georgia there are several excellent beach resorts– Batumi, Cape Verde, Mikhinjauri, Ord, Kobuletti, Tsikhisdziri, Ureki. The best Georgian beaches are in Adjara, which is located in a subtropical humid climate. Almost all coastline Adjara is a beautiful long beach, on the shores of which palm trees, fir and cypress trees grow.

Georgia is famous not only for its beaches, but also for its balneological resorts. Today there are about 2 thousand thermal and mineral springs in Georgia. Moreover, more than 20 of them are large mineral springs (like in Borjomi). The most famous Georgian balneological resorts are Borjomi, Tsikhisdziri, Tskaltubo, Mukhuri, Beshumi, Abastumani, Shovi, Zekari.

Georgia cannot be imagined without ski resorts. The most famous of them are Bakuriani, Gudauri, Bakhmaro. The skiing season in Georgia usually lasts from December to April.

Souvenirs/shopping

Tourists from Georgia usually bring folk art products, wine horns, scarves, icons, Georgian cheese, Georgian wine, churchkhela, spices (hops-suneli, cilantro, Imeretian saffron), sauces (adjika, tkemali).

Office hours

This culturally rich state is located on the territory of Western Asia and the Middle East. Life in this country has always been turbulent, but this did not prevent its inhabitants from amassing a rich cultural and historical heritage.

The climate in this country is mild and warm, and due to the fact that it is geographically partially located in Western Asia, its flora and fauna are extremely diverse and interesting.

The territory of Georgia (georgia) on modern maps occupies almost 70 thousand square meters. kilometers, it also has a maritime border with the Black Sea of ​​about 310 kilometers. There are many ranges throughout the country, which is why the country is distinguished by the presence of many mountains and hills. Geologists associate a large number of ridges with the movement and melting of glaciers.

The natural conditions there are very diverse and are distinguished by their beneficial effect on human body. Thanks to this, Georgia is a favorite country for tourists around the world.

The lack of developed shipping throughout the long existence of the country is explained primarily by the fact that there were no bays and bays on the coast that were suitable in size and conditions.

Landscape

The country for the most part has mountainous terrain, but there are also:

• Lowland plains;
• Highland areas;
• Plateau-like areas.

Soils

There are many different plants on the territory of the country, this is mainly due to the fact that the climate there does not change much in winter and summer, and there are red soils, soils of the humid tropical zone, soils of moderate rain forests and even semi-deserts.

Earthly riches

Rich in fossil treasures, the earth contains large amounts of:

• Manganese ore. The approximate reserve of deposits is 200 million tons;
• Stone coals. The approximate reserve of deposits is 400 million tons;
• Copper ores. The approximate reserve of deposits is 250 million tons;
• Oil. The approximate reserves of the deposits are 30 million tons.

They also extract a lot of raw materials used as building materials, such as:

• Useful clays;
• Limestone;
• Raw materials for the production of cement and bricks;
• Gypsum and talc.

One of the main riches of Georgia is their useful mineral water. There are more than 2 thousand fresh springs and 22 mineral water springs. World-famous Borjomi and Sairme are distributed to 24 countries around the world in a volume of 40 billion liters per year.

The country's territory has 27,000 square kilometers of forests.

Climate

One half of the territory is in the subtropical, and the other in the Mediterranean climate zone.

The Great Caucasus Range retains cold northern winds, and thanks to this, a warm and humid climate is maintained along the entire coastline. Several types of palm trees and many fruit trees grow there.

Temperatures rarely drop below zero, winter months take place at 5-8 degrees Celsius, and in summer at 24-28 degrees.

Population

The total population in Georgia as of 2017 is 3,718,200 people. According to the latest population census, the percentage of nationalities and nationalities is known.

• Georgians – 83.83%;
• Azerbaijanis – 6.28%;
• Armenians – 4.53%;
• Russians – 0.71%;
• Ossetians – 0.39%;
• Yazidis – 0.33%

State structure

The basis for the modern constitution of Georgia, which was adopted in 1995, is the previous constitution of 1921. located in the eastern part of the country.

The head of the country is the president, who is elected by secret ballot. The term of office is 5 years; one candidate cannot be elected more than 2 times in a row. He is the de facto head of state, the supreme commander and the main representative in contact with other countries.

The highest legislative power belongs to parliament. It has 150 deputies, 77 are chosen from a list of possible candidates, and 71 from single-member constituencies.

However, it is worth noting that the autonomous republics of Abkhazia and Adjara are not under the control of the Georgian parliament.

Zviad Gamsakhurdia became the first president of Georgia, but the conflict within the country made his reign short-lived.

Neighbours

It is impossible to give a definite answer to the question of which countries Georgia borders on. On its territory there are two neighboring autonomous republics, whose independence Georgia and the UN Council do not recognize, calling their position illegal and occupied by Russia.

Officially, Georgia’s neighbors are four countries:

• Türkiye. The length of the border is 275 kilometers;
• Armenia. The length of the border is 196 kilometers, according to Armenia, and 224 kilometers, according to Georgia;
• Azerbaijan. The length of the border is 480 kilometers;
• Russia. The length of the border is 897 kilometers, and if we recognize the autonomy of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, then 365 kilometers.

In 1990, elections were held in State Duma. The victory was won by the party of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who was proclaimed the first president of the Georgian republic.

At the end of March 1991, a referendum was held, which raised the question of Georgian independence. In fact, the purpose of the referendum was separation from the USSR. The country was fully supported by the US Congress.

Abkhazia and South Ossetia have declared their intention to secede from Georgia and become independent republics with an autonomous form of government.

After the collapse of the USSR, major military conflicts occurred between Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the result of which was that the autonomies were beyond the control of the Georgian government.

For many years, autonomy was not recognized by anyone except nearby Russia. But after the brief South Ossetian conflict in 2008, the world community recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but many Russophobes still claim that the territories are under occupation.

Change of power

On May 26, 1991, Zviad Gamsakhurdia won the first presidential elections. But already in December, the national guard under the leadership of Tengiz Kitovani, with the support of the Mkhedrioni military formation, rebelled. The President was forced to leave the country and go to Armenia, but under pressure from the Georgian authorities, he could not stay there for long and went to Chechnya, where he was an honored guest.

In 1992 to the main leadership position State Council Georgia (the main administrative body created by the revolutionary government) was called by Eduard Shevardnadze, who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the USSR before the collapse.

Already in 1993, Gamsakhurdia returned from the Chechen Republic to his native Zugdidi province, to the location of his supporters. This led to a bloody conflict for power. Shevardnadze's power was in a precarious state after the defeat in Abkhazia, and he was forced to ask for help from Russia. In December 1993, Gamsakhurdia was killed under mysterious circumstances; the official version was that he committed suicide, but a bullet hole in the back of his head makes many think about murder.

Terrible living conditions and the threat to statehood in the country led to a change of government in 2003. Shevardnadze was forced to resign as president.

A country's economy

According to available data, it is known that in 2017, 9.1% of the population in Georgia was below the poverty line. GDP per capita is 10,100 US dollars.

Industry

Heavy and large industry in Georgia is developing mainly due to enterprises organizing the extraction of minerals and those that produce food. Otherwise, most of the factories and enterprises are idle due to unnecessary use or lack of funding.

Agriculture

Agricultural products in Georgia are produced either by private estates or small farms. Since most farmers there work manually and rarely use big amount economic equipment, the efficiency of such activities is quite low. More than 50% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities, but this brings only 12% to the annual growth of the country's GDP.

On the territory of Georgia, only 16% of the total area is suitable for use. Every year this number decreases due to improper use of land and lack of fertilizers.

Currency

The national currency is lari, which is divided into 100 tetri. Today, one lari is equal to approximately twenty-five Russian rubles.

Results

Georgia is a country with a very comfortable climate and is therefore an attractive destination for tourists. There are many spas there that can offer you healthy treatments and mineral waters.

The entire history of this country is saturated with brutal conflicts. Since ancient times, Georgian kings have built majestic castles and fortifications, which today are educational and interesting monuments of history.

Useful information for tourists about Georgia, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of Georgia, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions in Georgia.

Geography of Georgia

Georgia is a state in the western part of Transcaucasia on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It borders on Russia in the north, Azerbaijan in the east, and Armenia and Turkey in the south. Georgia regards the territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which unilaterally declared their independence, as occupied and part of Georgia.

Most of the territory is mountainous, about a third is covered with dense forests. Main Ridge Caucasus Mountains forms the northern border of the country, where the highest points of Georgia are also located, the main of which is Mount Shkhara (5068 m). The Lesser Caucasus Range occupies southern part Georgia, but here the height of the mountains rarely exceeds 3000 m.

State

State structure

Georgia is a democratic republic. The head of state and government is the president. Legislative power belongs to a bicameral parliament.

Language

Official language: Georgian

The majority of the population, over 30 years old, speaks Russian well. Accepted for communication with foreigners English language. In mountainous areas, the population speaks only Georgian.

Religion

The majority of the population (84%) professes Orthodoxy and are parishioners of the Georgian church, Islam (practice by Georgians in Adjara and Meskheti-Javakheti, some Abkhazians, Azerbaijanis, Kists) - 9.9%, Armenian-Gregorian Church (practice by Armenians) - 3, 9%, Catholicism (practised by a small part of Georgians and Armenians) - 1.2%, Judaism (practiced by Georgian Jews) - less than 1%.

Currency

International name: GEL

Lari is equal to 100 tetri. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 lari, gold coins in denominations of 500 and 1000 lari, as well as 5, 10, 20 and 50 tetri.

US dollars, euros and rubles are widely used.

Currency exchange can be done in banks and specialized exchange offices located almost everywhere. There is also a private currency exchange market, but using the services of private money changers is risky.

In Tbilisi it is possible to use credit cards VISA, Eurocard/Mastercard and Cirrus/Maestro in large hotels and supermarkets. Major banks accept traveler's checks for payment.

Popular attractions

Tourism in Georgia

Popular hotels

Excursions and attractions in Georgia

Georgian cuisine

Speaking about Georgian cuisine, one cannot help but mention the main differences between the cuisines of Western and Eastern Georgia, due not only to different natural conditions these two large regions, but also the well-known Turkish influence on the cuisine of Western Georgia and the Iranian influence on the cuisine of Eastern Georgia. As a result, a difference was established in the use of some basic products and, partly, in the nature of the favorite aromatic and flavor range - a difference that has survived to this day.

Thus, in Western Georgia, bread and special flatbreads from corn flour- mchadi, while in Eastern Georgia they prefer wheat bread. As for meat, in Eastern Georgia, along with the main meat for Georgians - beef, they also eat lamb and consume quite a lot of animal fats, while in Western Georgia they eat much less meat, preferring poultry, mainly chickens and turkeys.

In Western Georgia they use spicier dishes and slightly different sauces. The long existence of the Georgian nation at the crossroads of many cultures has led to the fact that in general, in Georgian cuisine, no one type of meat has a predominant importance. Georgian meat dishes can be made from pork, lamb, beef, or poultry. Such tolerance is usually not characteristic of other peoples of the East. However, tolerance for all types of meat does not prevent Georgians from loving beef and poultry most of all - turkey and chicken.

Nuts occupy a large place in Georgian cuisine - hazel, hazelnuts, beech nuts, almonds, but most often - walnuts. They are an invariable component of various seasonings and sauces, equally well suited to poultry, vegetable and even fish dishes. Nuts are used in meat soups and confectionery, in cold salads and hot main courses. It is impossible to imagine a Georgian table without them.

Also, spicy herbs, consumed throughout the year, have become of great importance in Georgian cuisine. These are tarragon (tarragon), basil, cilantro, savory, leek, green onions, mint.

Frequent and abundant consumption of cheeses is also distinctive feature Georgian cuisine. These are Suluguni, Imeretian, Kobi, Tushino, Guda, Ossetian and other cheeses. Not only the taste range, but also the methods of using Georgian cheeses are very different from European ones. They are used not only as an appetizer, but also in the preparation of first and second courses.

The widespread use of an open spit for preparing not only meat dishes, but also vegetable, fish and cheese dishes is typical of all Transcaucasian cuisine.

A truly national feature of Georgian cuisine is the use of special techniques to create a variety of dishes. This is the use of sour, sour-fat and sour-egg medium to create a unique taste and consistency of Georgian soups and the use of sauces to enrich the range of second courses.

Like French cuisine, Georgian cuisine is unthinkable without a variety of sauces. At the same time, Georgian sauces differ from European ones not only in composition, but also in technology. Most often these are sour berry and fruit juices or purees from tkemali, sloe, pomegranate, blackberries, barberries, and tomatoes. Nut sauces are also widespread. Several types of sauce can be served with equally fried chicken - satsebeli, satsivi, garo, tkemali, garlic-wine, nut, barberry, etc. It is by varying the sauces that a variety of second courses in Georgian cuisine is achieved. Most often, the base is such products as beans, eggplants and poultry, which are able to create a flavor background favorable for the manifestation of the aroma, taste, and piquancy of Georgian sauces. Sometimes Georgian sauces act as independent dishes and are eaten with bread.

The amazing, generous country of Georgia has always attracted researchers and tourists with its unique flavor, rich thousand-year history, diverse nature and ancient traditions. The territory of Georgia is an area with many historical and architectural monuments, ancient monasteries, remains of castles and fortresses, and defensive structures. Here it is easy and simple to combine any vacation, educational excursions around Georgia with getting impressions and pleasure from contemplating mountain landscapes and natural landscapes. And Georgian hospitality, local wines and Georgian cuisine are known far beyond the borders of Georgia.

General information: Georgia is located in western Transcaucasia on the eastern shore of the Black Sea. It borders on Russia in the north, Turkey and Armenia in the south, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. The ancient states of Diaokha and Colchis began to form in the 12th century BC. on the eastern Black Sea coast. Then numerous wars began. Practically, warriors of all ancient and medieval civilizations passed through the territory modern Georgia. Georgia's path to independence was difficult and long. Today it is a Parliamentary Republic which includes two autonomous republics and 10 territories. The country's territory is 69,700 square meters. km. – 118th in the world. The basis of the industry is the food industry (tea, wine and cognac, tobacco, mineral waters, canned fruit and vegetables, hazelnuts), mining of manganese ores, light industry (shoe, cotton, wool, knitwear, silk, clothing production), mechanical engineering (electric locomotives, cars, machine tools), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical (production of nitrogen fertilizers, chemical fiber, paints and household chemicals). The Georgian government is investing heavily cash in the development of tourism business. The largest cities: Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Zugdidi, Poti, Rustavi, Gori.

• Official name: Republic of Georgia.
• Capital: Tbilisi (1.17 million people). Since 2012, Kutaisi has been considered the parliamentary capital (0.2 million people).
• Population: 4.5 million people. Georgians - 83.7%, Azerbaijanis - 6.5%, Armenians - 5.7%, Russians - 1.5%, the rest are Mingrelians, Ossetians, Svans, Yezidis, Greeks, Chechens, Assyrians and Abkhazians.
• Language: Official is Georgian language with its own alphabet. Many people understand and speak Russian well; urban youth speak English fluently.
• Religion: 84% of Georgians are Orthodox Christians, 9.9% are Muslims living mainly in Adjara, 3.9% are parishioners of the Armenian Gregorian Church, the rest profess Catholicism, Judaism and other religions. Georgian Orthodox Church one of the oldest in Christendom and its activities cover all of Georgia and all Georgians around the world.
• Time: Coincides with Moscow time and is 1 hour ahead of Minsk time.
• Currency: The official currency is the lari (GEL) divided into 100 tetri. The country has banknotes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 lari, metal coins are minted in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 tetri, 1 lari, 2 lari and 10 lari. Most exchange offices in Georgia operate around the clock and you can exchange or buy almost any freely convertible currency.

How to get there

How to get there: Belavia planes regularly fly direct from Minsk to Tbilisi throughout the year. In the summer months, direct flights are organized from Minsk to Batumi. Flight time 3 hours. The average cost of air tickets is 300 EUR. If you fly through Moscow, Kyiv, Riga on other airlines, you can even save on the cost of air tickets.

Visa: Citizens of Belarus do not require a visa to Georgia.

Customs: The import of any foreign currency is not limited, national currency is limited to the amount of 25,000 lari. Imported currency is allowed to be exported within a year after arrival in the country, national currency - no more than 3,000 lari. It is prohibited to transport drugs, weapons and ammunition, explosives, pornography and defamatory information. political system, on any media. The export of materials and objects of historical and cultural value is prohibited.

Transport

Transport: There is a developed network in Georgia railways, which connects the capital Tbilisi with all major cities of the country. Regular flights are organized from Tbilisi to Kutaisi, Sukhumi, Batumi and to the Svaneti region (Mestia), which is difficult to reach by road in winter. Bus service is very developed in Georgia. Also popular are minibuses that run between all regions. To Tbilisi from public transport There are no problems, you can travel by bus, metro, minibus or taxi. Many private taxis do not have meters; in such cases, it is wiser to agree on the cost of the trip in advance. To rent a car you need to have international law, driving experience over 1 year and cash. When signing the contract, be sure to check whether insurance is included in the rental price. The cost of renting an economy class car from 100 USD and above is not cheap at all.

National characteristics

National characteristics: When talking about Georgia, the first thing that comes to mind is the famous Georgian hospitality. It is based on the good nature and friendliness of the Georgian people. Since ancient times, the rules and customs of hospitality have been formed. “A guest is a messenger of God” says a Georgian proverb. Any guest, even an uninvited one, will receive a sincerely warm welcome, selfless help and support. If you find yourself a guest in a Georgian house, you will always be invited to a feast, which is not accepted here to refuse. All the best will be put on the table. The guest will be given special respect. Songs will be sung for him, eloquent and wise toasts will be pronounced in his honor. There is no particular ethics in the Georgian feast. Everyone eats and drinks as they please. But no one drinks wine unless there has been a toast before.

Family is sacred for Georgians. All relatives, close and distant, are considered a family in which warm family relationships. Elders are respected and honored in the family; their word is always law. Even the bride and groom receive approval from their relatives. If relatives have suspicion or mistrust of the future spouses, then the wedding may not take place. But no one dares to disobey the elders in the family.

Climate and nature

Climate: From the north, mountains protect Georgia from cold winds. In the east of the country, the influence of the Mediterranean climate is strongly felt with its dry, hot summers (+35-+40? C) and relatively warm winter(- 15? C). In the mountains, snow lasts a long time, so the ski season lasts from November to March. In the west of Georgia, its Black Sea coast The climate is closer to subtropical. It is quite humid here, especially in Batumi. The temperature in summer is +25 – +27? C, and in winter +4 - +8? C. The beach season lasts from the beginning of May to the end of September. For traveling around the country best time will be April-June and September-October.

Nature: Georgia is a small country and there are few places in the world with such geological unevenness of surface and diversity of landscape. Mountains and hills occupy 80% of its territory. Here, evergreen vegetation and an area of ​​eternal snow alternate, alpine meadows and dense forest, arid steppes and fertile valleys. Each mountain range hides its own unique natural complex with a special microclimate and unique landscape. In the north of Georgia there is the highest point - Mount Shkhara (5068 meters), located on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range. The most big rivers these are Kura, Rioni and Inguri. There are over 4 thousand species of flowers in Georgia, many of which grow only here. Forests grow mainly in mountainous areas. In the west they go straight down to the sea and mainly consist of broad-leaved species: oak, maple, hornbeam, chestnut, beech. In the central part, pine, fir and mixed forests, in which there are birch forests, mountain ash and thickets of rhododendron. In the east of the country, forests are less diverse. Spruce, fir, and pine grow in the highlands. Below are birch, beech, hornbeam and oak. Pistachio, pomegranate, and dogwood are found in steppe woodlands. Of the animals found in Georgia Brown bear, wolf, roe deer, red deer, fox, wild boar, Caucasian tur, leopard, capricorn. 84 species were discovered on the territory of Georgia freshwater fish, 52 species of reptiles, 27 species of lizards, 23 species of snakes, over 9 thousand species of arthropods. On the Black Sea coast there are bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, porpoises, stingrays, Black Sea salmon, beluga, Russian sturgeon, and flounder.

Resorts

Main resorts: Tbilisi(literally translated as “warm spring”) owes its foundation to the hot springs of healing sulfur waters. Since the 5th century AD, many kings and rulers treated their ailments here. Hot springs help in the treatment of joints, skin, chronic urological and gynecological diseases, as well as neuroses. Batumi located on the Black Sea coast. This is the country's main commercial port and its most famous resort. This is a city of magnolias, cypresses, lemon and orange trees. Borjomi is located at an altitude of 800 meters above sea level, on the banks of the Kura River, 150 kilometers from Tbilisi. Known for its mineral springs and healing air. Bakuriani– ski resort of Borjomi Gorge. At an altitude of 1800 meters, you can relax here all year round. Kobuleti- cosy Black Sea resort with small pebble beaches. Highly recommended for tourists suffering bronchial asthma, bone tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases. There is a balneological resort not far from Kutaisi Tskhaltubo, there are many healing mineral springs here. On the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range lies ski resort Gudauri, equipped according to the latest European standards. A 4* hotel and developed infrastructure are available to guests. Climatic resort By the river located on the Black Sea coast. This is the sunniest place in all of Georgia. Clean air and black magnetic sand on the beach have a healing effect on the respiratory system and cardiovascular system, helping in the treatment of cerebral palsy, spinal paralysis, and rickets.

Beaches: According to many tourists vacationing in Georgia, best beaches are located in Adjara, in the southwest of the country, in the region of Batumi and Kobuleti. Almost all beaches are pebble, and the entrance to the sea has a sharp increase in depth. The exception is the beaches in the Ureki area, 50 km from Batumi. The beaches here are sandy, the sand is black, healing, the entrance to the sea is gentle. This perfect place for holidays with children. The beaches in the villages of Gonio, Kvariati, and Sarpi south of Batumi are considered wilder.

Excursions

Excursions: All of Georgia is one big attraction. In any region there is something to see and learn something new. Capital Tbilisi, stretching for 30 km along the Kura River valley, is the tourist center of the country. This ancient city has preserved many attractions from the era of early Christianity and the Middle Ages: Orthodox church Anchiskhati, Zion Cathedral, Narikala district in the Old City, which is a fortress complex from different eras. More recent attractions include: Sameba Cathedral, Botanical Garden, and numerous monuments. Where the Kura and Aragvi merge, stands ancient capital Georgia – Mtskheta. The most interesting objects are the Jvari monastery temple (VI century AD), the Bebritsikhe fortress, the Samtavro monastery and the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral. The most famous mountain landmark is Mt. Kazbek, located in the east of the country, near the border with Russia. The name of this mountain is translated differently into different languages: “ice peak”, “melting mountain”, “white mountain”, “Christ’s peak”. According to legend, it was on Kazbek that the legendary Prometheus was chained to a mountain, where the bird Ida (the supreme leader of all birds) flew and pecked his liver. Here, at an altitude of 3800 meters, in a cave, there is the ancient monastery of Bethlehem (Bethlehem), which for many centuries was a repository of Georgian shrines and ancient treasure. Svaneti an amazing and inaccessible region of Georgia. The road here is difficult, numerous passes complicate the path, but it is thanks to its inaccessibility that Svaneti has been able to preserve its centuries-old way of life and unique attractiveness. This is a land of unspeakable purity and divine inspiration. Akhaltsikhe- a fortified city founded in the Middle Ages (XII century) and lying at the intersection of military strategic routes, the city was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for a long time. The Rabat fortress, the ancestral nest of the rulers of Akhaltsikhe, has been preserved here. One of the famous natives of this city is the father of the French chansonnier Charles Aznavour. Among tourists in Georgia, wine excursion tours in one or more wine regions. During the excursions, the secrets of the production of Georgian wines and cognacs are revealed, as well as tastings of these wonderful products.

Entertainment: In addition to traditional entertainment: beach holiday, mountaineering, hiking, excursions, bars, restaurants, vintage festivals, national feasts, dancing and singing, there are other types of entertainment in Georgia. One of them is the Rustavi race track, 20 kilometers from Tbilisi. Built back in Soviet times(USSR championships were held 11 times) and reconstructed in 2012, the track became the first circuit for professionals in Transcaucasia and a full-fledged venue for FIA category 2 competitions. The President of Georgia took part in the opening ceremony, driving a Formula 3 car.

National cuisine

National cuisine: The basis of Georgian cuisine is meat and dairy products, corn and wheat flour, as well as vegetables and various spices. Dishes are prepared based on the contrast of hot and spicy flavors. There are some differences in the preparation of bread depending on the region. In the West, preference is given to “mchadi” flatbreads made from corn flour or millet, while in the East, flatbreads are made from wheat flour. Flatbreads are baked with cheese and egg (“khachapuri”) or meat (“kubdari”). Popular cold appetizers include “lobio” made from boiled beans with herbs, various salads made from young nettles or beet leaves, and eggplant stew with garlic and nuts. Georgian first courses are, much loved, “kharcho”, “chikhirtma” and “khashi”, a rich broth made from beef legs, peritoneum and stomach. They are served with Georgian bread “tonis puri” (crispy elongated flatbread with a tender crumb inside) and fresh garlic. An indispensable attribute of any Georgian feast is “mtsvadi” kebab, which is prepared from lamb, pork or veal and served with adjika, tkemale sauce or “satsebeli” made from tomatoes and sweet peppers with spices. Pickles are always served on the table - green tomatoes, green capsicums, cabbage, and with them suluguni cheese and fresh herbs - basil, cilantro, tarragon, leeks. In Western Georgia, when preparing meat dishes, poultry is often used in satsivi sauce with saffron, garlic and walnuts. "Chakhokhbili", meat stew in tomato sauce, used to be made only from pheasants, but now chickens are mainly used to prepare this dish. Sometimes they put on the table one single dish, “khinkali”, these juicy and large dumplings, which are certainly eaten with your hands. Such feasts are called “khinklaoba” - “khinkali feast”. And, of course, wine is served with the meal. The culture of Georgian winemaking goes back centuries. Over 500 varieties of grapes are grown on this fertile land. Famous red wines are Kindzmarauli, Saperavi, Mukuzani, Pirosmani, white wines are Hereti, Alazani Valley, Tsinandali, Kakheti. Strong alcoholic drinks in Georgia include various types of cognac and the famous “chacha” - grape vodka.

The shops

The shops: In small towns, shops are open from 9.00-10.00 to 18.00-19.00. In large cities, opening hours are from 9.00 to 21.00, some open until 22.00. Some large supermarkets are open 24 hours a day. Bazaars, fairs and markets are open from 6.00 to 15.00.

Tips: In taxis, restaurants and cafes, the bill amount is rounded up, and the change remains in the form of a tip.

Souvenirs: As a good gift or souvenir from Georgia, tourists traditionally buy Georgian wine in beautiful bottles, Suluguni cheese, chacha or cognac, silver jewelry, carpets self made, daggers, Georgian tea or Georgian tobacco, which is considered very rare among us.

Connection: Georgia's telephone code is +995. Mobile operators in the country (Beeline, Geocell, Magti) cover almost its entire territory. Internet use is possible in many regions of Georgia.

Safety

Safety: If basic safety measures are observed, tourists in Georgia are practically not in danger. The local population is welcoming, friendly and always ready to help tourists. However, as in any country, there are petty thieves and scammers. Do not carry large sums of money, valuables and passports with you (it is better to carry copies with you), leave them in the hotel safe, keep an eye on your bag and wallet; if situations arise that threaten your peace of mind, health and life - scream, call for help, try to draw attention to yourself attention. Do not drink raw water; even brushing your teeth and making ice is better with boiled or bottled water. When planning to travel to mountainous areas, take warm clothes with you (temperature changes can be very large) and cash Georgian money (there are no exchangers or ATMs in the mountains). When communicating with the local population, avoid “slippery” topics; in particular, it is better not to discuss the topic of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.

Required telephone numbers:

• An agreement was reached between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Belarus and Armenia on the provision of temporary assistance by the Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Georgia and the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Batumi in protecting the rights and interests of citizens of the Republic of Belarus who find themselves in emergency situations on the territory of Georgia.
• Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Georgia, Tbilisi, Tetelashvili str., 4, tel. (995 32) 95-17-23, 96-42-86, fax (995 32) 96-42-87.
• Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia in Batumi, Batumi, Gogebashvili str., 32, office 16, tel. (+995) 222 163-02, fax. (+995) 222 79990.
• Police – 122
• Health care – 113
• Rescue service - 111

Holidays and weekends:

• January 1 - New Year.
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We wish you a pleasant stay!