Famous phraseological units of the Russian language and their meaning. The most interesting phraseological units

rain cats and dogs - pour like a bucket
face like thunder - darker than clouds
storm in a teacup - a storm in a teacup, a lot of ado about nothing
chase rainbows - chase the unattainable
lightning-fast - lightning fast
have one "s head in the clouds - soar in the clouds
be snowed under - be overworked
be under the weather - be unwell
twist in the wind - languish
under and cloud - under suspicion
as right as rain - in perfect order
for a rainy day - for a rainy day
bolt from the blue - like snow on the head

• August 21, 2018, 01:24

Goal like a falcon
The expression denotes extreme poverty, need.

Arshin swallowed
An expression denoting a person who stood at attention or assumed a majestically haughty posture with a straight back.

Scapegoat
This is the name of a person who has been blamed for any failure, failure.

Shouting all over Ivanovskaya
That is, it yells loudly, at the top of its voice, attracting attention.

Clear out these Augean stables
Deal with an incredibly neglected mess of cyclopean proportions.

bosom friend
Now a positive expression denoting an old and trusted friend. Previously it was negative, because meant companion.

• 03 April 2013, 00:25

I
I won't if... - I won't justify my character, myself, my habits, if... I won't if I don't achieve my goal.
I will give you! (colloquial fam.) - an expression of a threat. I'll give those apples to steal!
I to you (those, to you; colloquial) - used to express prohibition, threat. I'll lie on the couch for you!
I you (him, you, them; colloquial) - used to express a threat. Find this hour, who dared to talk to me, I'm his! A. Pushkin.

APPLE
In apples - about horse suit: with dark round small spots on the coat. From the Nikolsky Gates, a six dappled grays walked at a big trot. A.N. Tolstoy.
The apple of discord is that which gives rise to a quarrel, discord, an object of contention [according to ancient Greek. the myth of the apple presented by Paris to the goddess Aphrodite as a prize for beauty, and which served as a cause of contention between her and the goddesses Hera and Athena]. Among the movables was the famous tarantass, which almost served as a bone of contention between mother and son. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
There is nowhere for an apple to fall (colloquial) - (trans.) about extreme crowding. Life is such a crush that the apple has nowhere to fall. N. Gogol. There were people in the church, there was nowhere for an apple to fall. A. Pisemsky.

BERRY
Our (one, our) field berry (colloquial fam.) - similar to someone. or suitable for someone. a person who is completely his own in spirit, behavior. He, both in his position and in his mood, was our field's berry. M Gorky.

LANGUAGE
Sticking out your tongue (to run) (spacious.) - swiftly, without taking a breath. Rushed home, sticking out his tongue.
Keep your mouth shut - be silent, do not speak when it is not necessary. He knows how to keep his mouth shut.
Long tongue (who) - (trans.) about a talkative person. I don't like long tongues.
To bite the tongue - to refrain from speaking, to be silent. Here Ivan Ignatich noticed that he had let it slip and bit his tongue. A. Pushkin.
Evil tongues - trans. about gossips, slanderers, about people who spread malicious rumors about someone / something. Ah, evil tongues are worse than a gun. A. Griboyedov. All these evil tongues are spoken.
Broken language - distorted, with an incorrect pronunciation (about language, speech). In broken French, he had difficulty explaining what he needed.
On the tongue - in your speech, in your words. Why, I will tell you bluntly, should I be so intemperate with my tongue? A. Griboyedov. Sharp on the tongue.
In language - 1) is used to denote a strong desire to say, speak out, pronounce something. These objections were on my tongue last spring. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The word is spinning on the tongue, I don’t catch it. M. Gorky. 2) in speech, conversation. A drunkard has what's on his mind, then on his tongue. Proverb.
Common language (with someone - something) mutual understanding between someone - something. Find a common language with colleagues.
Hold your tongue (colloquial) - refrain from speaking, being silent. Hold your tongue, it's too crowded in here.
Swallow your tongue - about a silent person who cannot or does not want to say something. - Tell me what's on your mind?
Well!., why did you swallow your tongue? P. Melnikov-Pechersky.
To untie the tongue (colloquial) - 1) (to someone) to give an opportunity, induce or force to talk. Your honey and velvety beer have loosened my tongue today. A.A. Pushkin. Suddenly, a circumstance happened that loosened his tongue. G. Uspensky. 2) (without add.) talk, start talking a lot (after silence). It is true that I loosened my tongue at the wrong time. I. Nikitin.
It fell off the tongue - unexpectedly, suddenly become said, uttered (colloquial). A last, inspirational sound escaped his lips. I. Turgenev. The stupid word just slipped out of my mouth. I.Turgenev.
Pull or pull the tongue (colloquial) - force to speak, speak out. No one is pulling your tongue.
Well hung or hung on the tongue of someone about a person, who smartly, smoothly, speaks well. He has a good tongue.
Who has a tongue without bones (colloquial translation) - about a person who speaks too much. Here is your tongue without bones, now without bones; and chatting, and chatting. A. Ostrovsky.
The tongue will not turn to say - there is no determination to say. I wouldn't turn my tongue now to tell him that I love him. L. Tolstoy, How did your tongue turn?
Wag your tongue (scratch, chat, grind; colloquial) - speak (in vain, to no avail, to pass the time). Talk with your tongue, but do not let your hands free. Proverb.
Swallow your tongue - very tasty. They cook noble cabbage soup - you will swallow your tongue. P. Melnikov-Pechersky.
The tongue came loose - from someone (colloquial) - someone. started talking, began to talk a lot (after silence). Tongues loosened, frank conversation began. Melnikov-Pechersky.
To scratch the tongue (colloquial) - to speak in vain, to no avail, to pass the time. Not tired of scratching your tongue yet?
The tongue itches (colloquial) - there is a desire, I want to say, speak out. So the tongue itches to admit everything,

• 03 April 2013, 00:24

SKIRT
In a skirt (colloquial joking or ironic obsolete) - in a female form (usually equivalent to the word “woman” when applied to a word denoting some kind of profession, occupation, from among those considered in bourgeois society to be the exclusive or predominant affiliation of a man ). Professor in a skirt (i.e., a female professor). Excuse my frankness, a sparrow can give any philosopher in a skirt ten points ahead. Chekhov.
Hold on to someone's skirt (colloquial fam. joke.) - trans. not to show any independence, in everything to obey someone. What do you thank me for? - Because you don’t overstay, you don’t hold on to a woman’s skirt. L. Tolstoy.

HUMOR
Hangman's humor [translation from German. Galgenhumor] (iron.) - jokes, witticisms of a person who is in hopeless replenishment, who is threatened with death.

• 03 April 2013, 00:24

ENCYCLOPEDIA
A walking encyclopedia (jokingly) - a person with whom you can always inquire about a variety of subjects. We had our own walking encyclopedia in class.

STAGE
By stage or stage (historical) - under the protection of special escort teams (about the method of transferring those arrested by the police to tsarist Russia). He, for lack of a legal form, was sent by stage to his place of residence. A. Ostrovsky. Stage by stage we lead thieves and convicts in chains. Nekrasov.

• 03 April 2013, 00:24

STEP
A few (or two, three) steps away - very close, very close. He lives two steps away from us.
At every step - incessantly, every now and then; everywhere, everywhere. Here, at every step, in the face of nature, his soul opened itself to peaceful soothing impressions. Goncharov. This book has typos at every turn.
Not a step or not a step (do not move away, do not let go, etc.) - without going away even at close range. We will be with you, not a step away from you. Sukhovo-Kobylin. To sit with the patient day and night, without moving a single step away! A. Pushkin. I won't let go of her now. A. Ostrovsky.
One step from what to what - transfer. about an easy transition from one to another, about a close connection between something. From hate to love is only one step, you know. A. Pushkin. From the great to the ridiculous one step. Proverb.
First steps - peren. initial period in some activities. First steps in the career field. Achieve success from the first steps.
The first step (to do) is to change. to take the lead in smth., to speak first. I won't take the first step. L. Tolstoy.
Step by step (obsolete) - slowly, quietly. They trudge (animals) step by step, the souls hold on to them a little. Krylov.
Step by step - gradually, measuredly, steadily. Step by step, the couple made their way among the crowd to the descender. Leikin. Step by step got to the heart of the matter.
One cannot (or cannot) take a step without someone-something - one cannot (or cannot) be without someone-something. Without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Turgenev.
Do not take a step for what - do nothing (for achieving something.). Turgenev did not take a step to return the property so illegally taken from him. Grigorovich.

CRAZY
A stray bullet is about a bullet that accidentally hit someone. Chu! long shot... A stray bullet buzzed. Lermontov. Killed by a stray bullet.
Easy money is money obtained without much effort. - This is me, I sewed it when I was still in the service. Then I had crazy money. A. Ostrovsky.

A CAP
Without hats (colloquial) - with uncovered heads. Without hats they crowd at the entrance. A.K. Tolstoy. The hat on the thief is on fire - a proverb about the delinquent, who betrays himself.
Under the red cap - to please the soldiers. How long to please under the red hat?
According to Senka, a hat (colloquial) is worthy of no more than what it has, it deserves just that.
Throwing hats (colloquial fam.) - an expression of cheeky self-praise in relation to the enemy, meaning confidence that the enemy is very easy to defeat. And if with a new army he comes to us, to a hungry land, we will shower them with hats. A.K. Tolstoy.
To break a hat - to put it on one side in a smart way. Loose and cheerful, he rides a black horse, akimbo and valiantly wringing his hat. Gogol.
To break a hat - in front of whom (colloquial) - to bow humbly, ingratiatingly. Men in white shirts broke their hats in front of us. Babel.
To the hat analysis (come, appear; colloquial) - to the very end, to the end of something. Get dressed, mother, otherwise you will come to the hat analysis. Leskov.
Hat acquaintance (colloquial) - an acquaintance devoid of any intimacy, with Krom they only bow at a meeting. Our acquaintance was captive.
Hat acquaintance (colloquial) - an acquaintance, with whom there is only a hat acquaintance. I really don't know anything about him, he's just a hated acquaintance.

• 03 April 2013, 00:21

TEA
For seagulls (give, take; spacious, fam.) - rewarding for minor services (porter, waiter, etc.) in excess of salary.
For tea (give, take) - rewarding for minor services (doorman, waiter, etc.) in excess of salary (pre-revolutionary custom). Here's a couple of coins for tea. Gogol. I'll try to give you some tea, maybe there will be a room. Leikin.
For a cup of tea (invite, call, etc.; colloquial) - to visit, to spend time over tea with refreshments. In the autumn of 1765, Catherine invited the dignitaries closest to the court for a cup of tea. Shishkov.
Tea and sugar or tea and sugar! (colloquially obsolete) - a greeting, a good wish to those who were caught drinking tea. - Tea and sugar! said Smolokurov, greeting his acquaintance. “We ask you for tea,” answered the stout, bald-headed merchant. Melnikov-Pechersky.

HOUR
Admiral's hour (jokingly) - time to drink and eat. [From the time of Peter I, when the meetings of the Admiralty Boards ended at 11 am, and it was time for lunch.]
For an hour (ironic) - for a short time, temporarily. "Knight for an hour" (the title of Nekrasov's poem). King for a day.
Not by the day, but by the hour (colloquial) - very quickly, soon. And the child grows there by leaps and bounds. A. Pushkin.
Irregular hour - used in the meaning. introductory word to express fear. unexpected in the meaning: what if. - That's it, you know, it's better to get a receipt. Irregular hour ... anything can happen. Gogol.
From hour to hour (about something expected) - every minute, in the very near future. Thunderstorms may break out any hour. The whole family of the Korolevs, who had been waiting for their Volodya from hour to hour, rushed to the windows. Chekhov. From hour to hour we should have expected an attack by Pugachev. A. Pushkin.
Hour by hour [an hour without a beat.] - with each passing hour (to indicate the gradual strengthening or weakening of the degree of something). Hour by hour the danger and labors become more dangerous and more difficult. A. Pushkin. It doesn't get any easier from time to time.

• 03 April 2013, 00:19

QUEEN
Queen of Heaven (obsolete) - one of the names of the virgin. A drunkard and a libertine such that the queen of heaven does not bring. Chekhov.

KINGDOM
Kingdom of heaven to whom (obsolete) - used when referring to a deceased person, originally. like a wish to go to heaven. I had an uncle - the kingdom of heaven to him! Grigorovich.

TSAR
The king in the head of someone or with the king (or with his king) in the head is smart; opposite without a king in his head (colloquial). You can go everywhere. - there would be a king in my head. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Somewhat stupid and, as they say, without a king in his head. Gogol. He liked to present himself more as the executor of someone else's idea than with his own king in his head. Dostoevsky.
Under Tsar Peas (jokingly) - in the immemorial past, a very long time ago. It was all under Tsar Peas.

COLOR
In (in) the color of what (years, strength, etc.) - in the period of full development, the heyday of something. He died in bloom better days. Lermontov. Fading in the bloom of youth alive. A. Pushkin.

FLOWERS
These are only (or more) flowers (colloquial) - translation. about the very beginning, the germ of something, advantages. bad, unwanted. These are flowers, and berries are ahead. Proverb. - Wait a minute ... These are still flowers, but there will be berries already! Saltykov-Shchedrin. These are only flowers, and real fruits are ahead. Dostoevsky.

WHOLE
Entirely and completely (new) - the same as the whole, used for greater expressiveness.
In general and in general - in general, without touching on particulars, details. As far as I can tell, (commissar) is a rather reserved person. But overall, he seems like a nice guy. N. Nikitin.

PRICE
In price - very expensive, very expensive, highly valued. This product is now in price.
The price is worthless to someone - 1) about a very cheap thing; 2) trans. about something that doesn't matter. Take away his money, the whole price is worthless to him. A. Ostrovsky.
Expensive price - trans. by spending a lot of effort, after a lot of stress, loss. The victory came at a high cost.
To know the price of someone - something - peren. to be able to appreciate, to properly evaluate someone. Know your worth. Know the value of flattery.
There is no price for someone - 1) about a very expensive thing; 2) trans. About someone with great importance, valuable in some relationships. This Annushka was good, submissive, serious - all the spitting image of a mother. There would be no price for her if another husband got caught. Mamin-Siberian.

GYPSY
Gypsy sweat (sneaks; jokingly, outdated.) - chills, a feeling of cold. But already the cold will begin, so the gypsy sweat will begin to make. Leikin.

• 03 April 2013, 00:18

HAM
Boorish offspring (despises, bran, obsolete) - the original. was used by persons from the privileged classes to refer to people from the exploited classes of society and was widely used as a swear word. [By the name of the biblical Ham, the irreverent son of Noah.] - Why did he file a world lawsuit against me? Well, isn't the brat boorish? Chekhov.

CHARACTER
In someone's character - characteristic of someone. It's not in your nature to regret it. Turgenev.
To endure character (colloquial) - not to reveal weaknesses, to remain firm, true to oneself. For three days he was silent, withstanding his character.

HATA
My hut is on the edge (colloquial) - this does not concern me, this is a dumb matter, I do not want to deal with anything. Let the one who is to blame answer, my hut is on the edge.

ENOUGH, ENOUGH
There are not enough stars from the sky (colloquial upon.) - unremarkable, modest abilities. He is an experienced engineer, but there are not enough stars from the sky.
Grab your head or hair (colloquial) - trans. catch oneself, think again, remembering that something has been done. not this way. After these troubles, he clutched his head, but it was too late to do anything.
Grab your mind - become smarter, come to your senses. - And now they grabbed their minds, but it's too late, my friend: everyone has long known that he is our regimental cheater. L. Tolstoy.
Enough hot to tears (colloquial fam.) - trans. experience something. unpleasant.
Enough for the living (colloquial) - strongly excite, excite, affecting something. intimate, very dear, important to someone. He touched many with his story.
Enough (intercept) over the edge (colloquial fam.) - say something. too much to do something. completely inappropriate. Well, okay, I got excited, intercepted over the edge - how can you be angry with an old man? Kuprin.
Grab-praise (spacious.) - missed, began to look for (something that disappeared, lost). Grab-praise-no chervonets! Saltykov-Shchedrin. The next morning, praise-praise, there is no Parasha, and it’s full! Grigorovich.

• 03 April 2013, 00:16

FACT
The fact is that (colloquial) is the fact that ... [under the influence of the expression “the fact is that” is sometimes wrong, one also says “the fact is that”]. The fact is that I forgot the books at home.

FANS
Blow the fanfare [wrong, understanding the word “fanfare” as a “trumpet” in general] (iron.) - trans. to make a fuss about something, to talk loudly about something, to proclaim something.

STYLE
Keep the style (spacious.) - put on airs, force. Nerobei, keep the style.
Not a style (spacious.) - not good, should not be. To do so is not fashionable.

FERT
Firth to stand (look, look, etc.) - akimbo (so that it looks like the letter “f”), cheeky, brazenly. Hands on hips, look with enthusiasm, we look with a firth - we look and just spit. Dostoevsky. The guy is a craftsman - he looks like a ferth. Nekrasov.

FIG
To look (look) at a book and see a figure (colloquial fam.) - do not understand anything. I, brother, if it is written in German, I look into the book and see a fig. Leikin. The other looks at the case and sees a fig in it. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
A fig with butter (spacious, fam.) - about the inconclusive outcome of some. deeds, requests. You will get a fig with oil.
Fig leaf - 1) an image of a leaf (originally a fig leaf) in place of the genital organs of naked figures in sculpture; 2) trans. a hypocritical cover for knowingly shameless actions, dishonest deeds. They cover themselves with fig leaves so that no one notices what is being done behind them. Sheller-Mikhailov.

INCENSE
To smoke or burn incense to whom (book) - trans. to flatter, flatter someone. To others I smoked incense, but I carried you in the holiness of my heart. Baratynsky.

FLAG
Keep (your) flag where (sea) - have a stay (on some ship). The admiral kept the flag on the battleship.
Stay behind the flag - trans. to lag behind others, not to reach the goal. Auntie completed the difficult mission so quickly and deftly that all the rival parties remained behind the flag. Saltykov-Shchedrin.
Under the flag of whose (mor.) - having someone on board. (which is indicated by raising a certain flag). The squadron sailed under the flag of the fleet commander.

BACKGROUND
The fon-baron (colloquial joked.) - an arrogant, arrogant, overly self-important person. What kind of von baron are you, that you can’t even say a word?

FRONT
Change front (book) - change the line of behavior, direction of activity.
On two fronts, in two directions. You can't work on two fronts. ugh
Fu-you, well-you (colloquial) - 1) is used when expressing surprise (with the intonation of an exclamation). - Fu-you, well-you, scared! Even the hamstrings are shaking. Chekhov. 2) is used to express self-satisfied satisfaction. - She married a good man and a rich man, and walk like a pava ... Fu-you, well-you! That is not life! A. Ostrovsky.

LB
That's a pound! (spacious.) - an expression of surprise or disappointment. That's a pound! Yes, I was so drunk! Leikin.
Not a pound of raisins (colloquial joke) - not a trifle, not a trifle. This is not a pound of raisins for you!

CASE
The man in the case - trans. a person who is closed in a circle of narrow, philistine interests, who is afraid of any innovations and evaluates every business from an official, formal point of view [by the title of the story. A.P. Chekhov]. It is not at all interesting to talk with him, he is a man in a case.

Phraseology is one of the sections of linguistics that studies stable combinations of words. Surely each of us is familiar with the expressions “beat the buckets”, “drive by the nose”, “like a bolt from the blue”, “sleeveless”, etc. But how many of us have ever thought about where they came from our language? I bring to your attention a small selection of phraseological units with their meanings and history of origin, thanks to which you may learn something new and be able to make your speech more expressive and varied.

Let's start with such a well-known expression as "Augean stables" used to describe a very dirty place that will require a lot of effort to clean up. Phraseologism originates from the time of Ancient Greece, where King Augeus lived, who was very fond of horses, but not caring for them: the stables where the animals lived did not see cleaning for about thirty years. According to legend, Hercules (Hercules) entered the service of the king, who received an order from Avgiy to clean out the stalls. For this, the strongman used the river, the flow of which was directed to the stables, thereby getting rid of the dirt. Impressive, right?

"Alma mater"(from lat. "mother-nurse")

In ancient times, students used this phraseological phrase, describing educational institution, which, as it were, “nurtured”, “raised” and “educated” them. Nowadays it is used with a certain amount of irony.

"Achilles' heel"(weak, weak point)

The source of this phraseological unit is ancient Greek mythology. According to legend, Thetis - the mother of Achilles - wanted to make her son invulnerable. To do this, she dipped him into the sacred river Styx, forgetting, however, about the heel by which she held the boy. Later, while fighting his enemy Paris, Achilles received an arrow in this heel and died.

"Gogol to walk"(walk around with a very important look, self-confidently)

No, this expression has nothing to do with the famous Russian writer, as it may seem at first. Gogol is a wild duck that walks along the shore with its head thrown back and protruding chest, which suggests a comparison with a person trying to show all his importance.

"Nick down"(very good to remember something)

In this expression, the word "nose" does not at all mean a part human body. In ancient times, this word was used to name boards on which all kinds of notes were made. People carried it with them as a reminder.

"Go away with your nose"(leave with nothing)

Another phraseological unit associated with the nose. However, he, like the previous one, has nothing to do with the organ of smell. This expression originates from Ancient Rus' where bribery was widespread. People, dealing with the authorities and hoping for a positive outcome, used "bribery" (bribery). If the judge, manager or clerk accepted this "nose", one could be sure that everything would be resolved. However, if the bribe was rejected, the petitioner left with his "nose".

"Pandora's Box"(source of troubles and misfortunes)

The ancient Greek myth says: before Prometheus stole fire from the gods, people on earth lived in joy and did not know any troubles. In response to this, Zeus sent a woman of unprecedented beauty - Pandora, to the earth, giving her a chest in which all human misfortunes were stored. Pandora, succumbing to curiosity, opened the chest and scattered them all.

"Filkin's letter"(document of no value, meaningless piece of paper)

This phraseological turn is rooted in the history of the Russian state, or rather, during the reign of Ivan IX the Terrible. Metropolitan Philip, in his messages to the sovereign, tried to convince him to soften his policy, to cancel the oprichnina. In response, Ivan the Terrible only called the Metropolitan "Filka", and all his letters - "Filkin".

These are just some of the phraseological units of the Russian language, which have a very interesting story. I hope that the above material was useful and exciting for you.

The Russian language is so mobile and flexible that it allows you to use many special speech techniques: proverbs, sayings, metaphors and much more. Separately, I want to talk about what phraseology is.

Phraseologisms are called phrases, the meaning of which is able to decorate speech, give it a special emotional connotation. Phraseological turnover is indivisible in meaning, that is, it has the common meaning of all the words included in it. Each word separately does not carry such information load. It is better to consider examples with an explanation of phraseological units.

In contact with

The horse didn't roll

Ordinary speech would be dry and less emotional if there were no special lexical units in it. - phraseological units. For example, you could say, “I got really angry.” And you can say this way: "I was angry as a dog." The listener has completely different associative images in his mind. The brain perceives the image of an angry dog ​​instantly, at the level of a reflex. Affects life experience accumulated in the subconscious.

Or such an example of the phrase: "I have not yet begun to perform the planned work." It sounds much better: "I have not yet rolled a horse." For a foreigner to understand this is real headache! What kind of horse and why didn't he roll? And a Russian person instantly grasps the essence of the speaker's problem.

Phraseologism "One foot here, one foot there" very often used in speech. It is literally impossible for a person's legs to be in different places at the same time! But it means that the speaker is already on his way and rushing very fast and is about to be in the right place.

An interesting observation. Phraseological turns sometimes reduce the sharpness of the perception of a negative action and enhance the positive.

Whose authorship?

Many people think about origin set expressions . Phraseological units have no authors. Or so, the authors are the people. In the process of life, accumulation of experience, people apply their knowledge, transforming it into new forms.

The origin of vivid turns of speech is also associated with literary and historical facts. Everyone has an idea about the exploits of Hercules, and in particular, about one of them - how quickly the strong man managed to clear the stables of King Avgii. The hero showed resourcefulness, coped quickly with an exorbitantly difficult task. He did the seemingly impossible! So it was customary for the people to say: “I’ll go to rake the Augean stables ...” Or: “What a fine fellow, I cleaned the Augean stables!”

In addition to the “rolling horse”, the turnover about "buried dog". Example: "So that's where the dog is buried!" This means that at last there was a solution to a problem or issue that had been haunting for a long time. The topic of the origin of popular expressions with this animal is very popular. Known are the stories of dogs whose graves served as a kind of memory for their owners (they were lost, and then found).

Everyone who deserves punishment, in Russian speech, is "poured on the first number." It came from the school when the students were flogged with rods. The punishment was effective and the student behaved well before the start. next month studies (until the 1st day).

Let's go through phraseological units

Introducing a small list of turns of speech for reference. They are most often used in relation to a specific person:

Phraseologisms in sentences

Also exists many others catchphrases . It is interesting to look at examples.

1. It's time to "wash your hands". This sentence means that the time has come to move away from the problem, to indicate your non-participation in it.
2. In life, he liked to "go with the flow." The hero is passive and lived by the will of circumstances, without resisting them in any way.
3. My worries are "a dime a dozen". There are a lot of things to do.
4. Relatives came to visit - "the seventh water on jelly." Here the degree of kinship is very blurred, there is no way to figure out who - to whom and by whom.
5. He married on the principle of "do not drink water from your face." This is a sad story, here is an attempt to love the inner world of a person, implying that not everything is in order with the appearance.
6. See you "after the rain on Thursday." This sentence matters: we will never see each other, and a dismissive attitude towards a person is also shown.
7. In his stories, he liked to "force the atmosphere." This is about a man who obviously exaggerates the complexity and horrors of events in his narratives, heating up the situation.
8. We left home "not salty slurping." The meaning of the phraseological unit: I had to return without earnings, profit or other result, previously conceived.

The given examples show how vividly, briefly and succinctly phraseological units are able to characterize some situations. They also add to speech shades of sound, semantic accents. Origin may not matter. And lexical meaning phraseological units is integral, is perceived as a short signal of an associative series stored in a person’s memory.

About labor

Let's talk about phraseological units that mention job or profession. People wrote a lot of sayings, fables and other lexical forms about labor. Let's give examples of phraseological units and their meanings.

Phraseological units for children

Work and acquaintance with phraseological units starts at school. Children are taught to understand set expressions and be able to explain them. junior schoolchildren practiced in the lessons of native speech to build statements using phraseological turns. Thus, they enrich the vocabulary and lexical stock of knowledge. Children learn to explain phraseological units with one short word or a related phrase.

Phraseologisms are quite simple to understand and remember, according to the age of elementary school children. Consider examples:

• lock your mouth (shut up);
• keep your mouth shut (keep a secret);
• do not believe your ears (be surprised at what you hear);
• nod off (fall asleep);
• lead by the nose (deceive);
• fly headlong (run fast) and others.

The use of phraseological units in primary school contributes to their development "feelings of language" inherent in the Russian people. Forms the imagery of thinking, the speed of creation of thought forms. Aphorisms are compiled from pictures or work is underway with texts.

At Russian language lessons, students perform written assignments in which they replace phraseological units with one word (insert the missing word).

On lessons literary reading learn to match images fairytale heroes With phraseological turns. For example, Emelya - "lies and does not blow in the mustache".

Studying mathematics, they analyze stable phrases: “ square head”, “from the pot two inches” and others.

In various fields of activity, fields of knowledge, life situations phraseological units are applicable. The main thing is to understand their meaning.! A true connoisseur of the Russian language must use idioms in his speech, both for his own pleasure (create a picture), and for the "red word".

There are so many phrases and phrases in the Russian language that, with a literal translation, we won’t go far - the new generation of the Russian people is no worse than the same foreigners. We forget the powerful and rich Russian language, we borrow more and more Western words and terms...

Today we will analyze examples of the most famous set expressions; let's learn together to understand, "decipher" and understand the meaning and secret meaning of Russian phraseological units. So, what is "phraseologism"?

Phraseologism- this is a stable combination of words peculiar only to a given language, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of the words included in it, taken separately. Due to the fact that a phraseological unit (or idiom) cannot be translated literally (meaning is lost), translation and understanding difficulties often arise. On the other hand, such phraseological units give the language a bright emotional coloring ...

We often say well-established phrases without delving into their meaning. Why, for example, do they say “goal like a falcon”? From what is it “they carry water on the offended”? Let's understand the real meaning of these expressions!

"Goal like a falcon"

“Goal like a falcon,” we say about extreme poverty. But this proverb has nothing to do with birds. Although ornithologists say that falcons really lose their feathers during molting and become almost naked!

"Falcon" in the old days in Rus' was called a ram, a tool made of iron or wood in the form of a cylinder. It was hung on chains and swung, thus breaking through the walls and gates of the enemy's fortresses. The surface of this weapon was even and smooth, simply speaking, bare.

The word “falcon” in those days was used to refer to cylindrical tools: iron scrap, a pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc. Sokolov in Rus' was actively used before the advent of firearms at the end of the fifteenth century.

"Hot spot"

The expression "hot spot" is found in the Orthodox prayer for the dead ("... in a hot place, in a resting place ..."). So in the texts in the Church Slavonic language is called paradise.

The democratic intelligentsia of the time of Alexander Pushkin ironically rethought the meaning of this expression. The language game was that our climate does not allow growing grapes, therefore in Rus' intoxicating drinks were produced mainly from cereals (beer, vodka). In other words, green means a drunken place.

“They carry water on the offended”

There are several versions of the origin of this saying, but the most plausible seems to be the one connected with the history of St. Petersburg water carriers.

The price of imported water in the 19th century was about 7 kopecks of silver per year, and of course there were always greedy merchants who inflated the price in order to cash in. For this illegal act, such unfortunate entrepreneurs were deprived of a horse and forced to carry barrels in a cart on themselves.

"Sitny friend"

- We have here, my friend, not a front! We don't need "languages"...

It is believed that a friend is so called by analogy with sieve bread, usually wheat. For the preparation of such bread, flour is used much finer grinding than in rye. To remove impurities from it and make the culinary product more “airy”, not a sieve is used, but a device with a smaller cell - a sieve. Therefore, the bread was called sieve. It was quite expensive, was considered a symbol of prosperity and was put on the table to treat the dearest guests.

The word "sitny" in relation to a friend means the "highest standard" of friendship. Of course, this turnover is sometimes used in an ironic tone.

"7 Fridays in a week"

In the old days, Friday was a market day, on which it was customary to fulfill various trade obligations. On Friday, the goods were received, and the money for it was agreed to be given on the next market day (on Friday of the next week). Those who broke such promises were said to have seven Fridays a week.

But this is not the only explanation! Friday was considered to be a free day from work before, therefore, a loafer was characterized by a similar phrase, for whom every day is a day off.

“Where Makar did not drive calves”

One of the versions of the origin of this saying is as follows: Peter I was on a working trip to Ryazan land and communicated with the people in an “informal setting”. It so happened that all the men he met on the way called themselves Makars. The king was very surprised at first, and then he said: “From now on, all of you will be Makars!”

Allegedly since then, "Makar" has become a collective image of the Russian peasant and all peasants (not only Ryazan) began to be called Makars.

"Sharashkin office"

Own strange name office received from dialect word"sharan" ("trash", "bad", "rogue"). In the old days, this was the name given to a dubious association of swindlers and deceivers, but today it is simply a "undignified, unreliable" organization.

"Not by washing, so by skating"

In the old days, skilled laundresses knew that well-rolled linen would be fresh, even if the wash was not done brilliantly at all. Therefore, having sinned in washing, they achieved the desired impression “not by washing, but by rolling.”

"Drunk in the zyuzyu"

We find this expression in Alexander Pushkin, in the novel "Eugene Onegin", when it comes to Lensky's neighbor - Zaretsky:

Falling off a Kalmyk horse,
Like a drunk zyuzya, and the French
Got captured...

The fact is that in the Pskov region, where Pushkin was in exile for a long time, "zyuzey" is called a pig. In general, “drunk like a zyuzya” is an analogue of the colloquial expression “drunk like a pig.”

"To share the skin of an unkilled bear»

It is noteworthy that back in the 30s of the 20th century it was customary in Russia to say: “Sell the skin of an unkilled bear.” This version of the expression seems closer to the original source, and more logical, because there is no benefit from the “divided” skin, it is valued only when it remains intact. The original source is the fable "The Bear and Two Comrades" by the French poet and fabulist Jean La Fontaine (1621-1695).

"Retired Goat Drummer"

In the old days, among wandering troupes, the main actor was a learned, trained bear, followed by a "goat", and behind it - a mummer with a goat's skin on his head - a drummer.

His task was to beat a homemade drum, calling the audience. Surviving by odd jobs or handouts is rather unpleasant, and here also the “goat” is not real, retired.

"The promised three years are waiting"

According to one version - a reference to the text from the Bible, to the book of the prophet Daniel. It says: “Blessed is he who waits and reaches a thousand and thirty-five days,” that is, three years and 240 days. The biblical call to patient waiting was jokingly rethought by the people, because the whole saying sounds like this: “The promised three years are expected, and the fourth is denied.”

"Good riddance"

In one of Ivan Aksakov's poems, one can read about the road, which is "straight, like an arrow, with a wide smooth surface that the tablecloth lay down." So in Rus' they saw off on a long journey, and they did not put any bad meaning into them.

This original meaning of the phraseologism is present in explanatory dictionary Ozhegov. But it is also said there that modern language the expression has the opposite meaning: "An expression of indifference to someone's departure, departure, as well as a wish to get out, anywhere." An excellent example of how ironically stable etiquette forms are rethought in the language!

"Scream all over Ivanovskaya"

In the old days, the square in the Kremlin, where the bell tower of Ivan the Great stands, was called Ivanovskaya. On this square, clerks announced decrees, orders and other documents relating to the inhabitants of Moscow and all the peoples of Russia. So that everyone could hear well, the clerk read very loudly, shouted all over Ivanovskaya.

"Pull the rope"

What is a gimp and why should it be pulled? This is a copper, silver or gold thread used in gold embroidery for embroidering patterns on clothes and carpets. Such a thin thread was made by drawing - repeatedly rolling and drawing through ever smaller holes.

Pulling the gimp was a very painstaking task, requiring a lot of time and patience. In our language, the expression to pull the gimp is fixed in its figurative meaning - to do something long, tedious, the result of which is not immediately visible.

In our time, it is understood as a boring conversation, a boring conversation.

"Japanese policeman!"

"Japanese policeman!" - a persistent curse in Russian.

Appeared after the Otsu Incident, when policeman Tsuda Sanzo attacked Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich.

In his youth, Tsarevich Nicholas, the future Tsar Nicholas II, traveled to the countries of the East. The Tsarevich and his friends had as much fun as they could. Their violent fun, which violated Eastern traditions, was not very liked by the locals, and finally, in the Japanese town of Otsu, a local policeman, outraged by the tactlessness of the Europeans, rushed at the Tsarevich and hit him on the head with a saber. The saber was sheathed, so Nikolai escaped with a slight fright.

This event had a significant resonance in Russia. The Japanese policeman, instead of ensuring the safety of people, rushes at a man with a saber just because he laughs too loudly!

Of course, this minor incident would have long been forgotten if the expression "Japanese policeman" did not also turn out to be a successful euphemism. When a person draws out the first sound, it seems that he is now cursing obscenely. However, the speaker only remembers an old political scandal, which, most likely, he has never heard of.

Disservice

"The incessant praise from your lips is a real disservice."

Its meaning is unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.

And the Primary Source was the fable of I. A. Krylov “The Hermit and the Bear”. It tells how the Bear, wanting to help his friend the Hermit to swat a fly that sat on his forehead, killed the Hermit himself along with it. But this expression is not in the fable: it took shape and entered folklore later.

Shelving

“Now you will put it on the back burner, and then you will completely forget.”

The meaning of this phraseological unit is simple - to give the matter a long delay, to delay its decision for a long time.

This expression has a funny story.

Once Tsar Alexei, the father of Peter I, ordered in the village of Kolomenskoye in front of his palace to install a long box where anyone could drop their complaint. Complaints fell, but it was very difficult to wait for a decision: months and years passed. The people renamed this "long" box to "long".

It is possible that the expression, if not born, was fixed in speech later, in “presences” - institutions of the 19th century. The then officials, accepting various petitions, complaints and petitions, undoubtedly sorted them, putting them in different boxes. "Long" could be called the one where the most unhurried things were put off. It is clear that the applicants were afraid of such a box.

This page contains phraseological units of various kinds, otherwise they are called phraseological units. These are phrases that, in terms of the composition of their words, do not correspond to true words, but at the same time are solidary in meaning. Proverbs and sayings do not count :-)

As you have already noticed, sorted into groups. The most popular of them concern water, body parts (nose, tongue, etc.) and bread. And also about animals and food. So let's go.

Phraseologisms with the word "water" and related to it

Storm in a teacup- strong excitement or irritability over trifles.
It is written with a pitchfork on the water- purely theoretical; that is, it is not known what will happen next.
Carry water in a sieve- to waste time in vain, to idle.
Get water in your mouth- to be silent, as if in fact the mouth is full of water.
Withdraw to clean water - reveal the truth, expose, find out the true face.
Come out dry from water- go unpunished, without consequences.
ride the wave- provoke aggression, raise unnecessary noise.
Money is like water- they disappear very quickly, and it is not so easy to return them.
To stay afloat- to continue to develop in spite of difficulties, to successfully conduct business.
Wait by the sea for the weather- expect pleasant events that are unlikely to wait.
Life abounds- when life is full of bright events, it does not stand still.
How to look into the water- predicted, as if he knew in advance. By analogy with divination by water.
How to sink into the water disappeared, disappeared without a trace.
Down in the mouth- about sadness, sadness.
Like water through your fingers- about what goes quickly and imperceptibly. Usually in pursuit.
As two drops of water- very similar.
How to drink to give- very simple; exactly, no doubt.
Like water off a duck's back- all for nothing. Similar to phraseology - Come out dry from water.
Like snow on your head- about an impending event. Suddenly, suddenly, out of nowhere.
Sink into oblivion- to disappear forever, to indulge in oblivion.
Bathe in gold about very rich people.
The ice has broken- about the beginning of any business.
Pour water- to show negativity, to provoke.
A lot of water has flowed- a lot of time has passed.
Reckless- about a brave man who cares nothing.
Darker than clouds- Excessive anger.
muddy the waters- confuse, bewilder.
At the top of the wave- to be in favorable conditions.
Do not spill water- about a strong, inseparable friendship.
Pour from empty to empty
To go with the flow- act passively, obeying the prevailing circumstances.
Underwater rocks- about any hidden danger, trick, obstacle.
After the rain on Thursday Never, or not at all soon.
Last straw- about an event in which a person's patience is running out.
Pass fire, water and copper pipes- go through difficult trials, difficult situations.
a dime a dozen- a lot, a lot.
Don't drink water from your face- love a person not for appearance, but for internal qualities.
Get from the bottom of the sea- solve any problem without looking at any difficulties.
Hide the ends in the water- hide the traces of the crime.
Quieter than water, lower than grass- about quiet, modest behavior.
Pound water in a mortar- do something useless.
Wash your hands- to evade participation or responsibility in any business.
pure water- about something obvious, not having any doubts.

Phraseological units with the word "nose" and other parts of the body

grumble under your breath- to grumble, to speak indistinctly.
hang your nose- to be discouraged, upset.
lead by the nose- to deceive, to lie.
Chin up!- a command not to lose heart, not to be upset.
Turn up one's nose- to put oneself above others, to put on airs, to think of oneself as the main one.
Nick down- to remember completely.
nod off- doze with your head down.
Wrinkle your nose- think about a difficult task.
On the nose- about an event that should happen in the near future.
Can't see beyond your nose- limit yourself, do not notice what is happening around.
Nose to nose or Face to face- very close, on the contrary, very close.
Keep your nose to the wind- be aware of all events, make the right decision.
Stay with your nose or Get away with your nose- do without what you expected.
Right under your nose- Very close.
With a goofy nose- about a dove that has a small nose, that is, very little.
Poke your nose into other people's business- about excessive curiosity.
Poke your nose- that is, until you poke your nose, you yourself will not see.
Wipe your nose- to prove one's superiority, to win over someone.
bury your nose- Get completely immersed in something.

speak through teeth- that is, to speak indistinctly, barely opening your mouth.
speak teeth- divert attention from the essence of the conversation.
Know by heart- that is, to know firmly, firmly.
Bare teeth or Show teeth- snarl, get angry; mock.
Too tough- not under force.
Not in the tooth with a foot- to do nothing, to know nothing.
Put your teeth on the shelf- starve, annoy, lacking in something.
Grit your teeth- go into battle without despair. Restrain yourself without showing your weakness.

Keep your mouth shut- be silent, do not say a word.
Long tongue- about a person who likes to talk a lot.
bite your tongue- refrain from words.
Dissolve language- to say too much without refraining.
Tongue swallow- be silent, not having the desire to speak.

Be careful- be careful to avoid an emergency.
Keep ears up- be careful, careful, do not trust anyone.
For eyes and ears- about giving time with a surplus to complete any business.
Can't see your ears- about an item that will never get.
blush to the ears- to be very ashamed, embarrassed.
hang your ears- listen with excessive enthusiasm, trust everything.

Eyes popped out- about sincere surprise, amazement.
Eyes lit up- longing for something.
shoot with eyes- expressively, coquettishly look at someone.
Like an eyesore- to bother someone, to annoy.
Pull the wool over someone's eyes- create a false, overly pleasant impression of yourself. Boast.
From point of view- about someone's opinion, judgment on a particular topic.
See through your fingers- look inattentively at the problem, do not be picky.
Ogle- to attract attention, to suck up.

You won't take it in your mouth- about food cooked tastelessly.
Lip no fool- about a person who knows how to choose something to taste.
pout lips- to make a displeased face, to be offended.
Roll your lip- wanting a lot with minimal opportunities.
With an open mouth- listen attentively; be surprised.

Flew out of my head- about forgetfulness, inattention.
Have a head on your shoulders- to be smart, quick-witted.
Puzzle over- to think hard, hard, trying to understand something.
fool your head- to deceive, fool, confuse.
From head to toes- completely, in full growth.
Put upside down- to give opposite meaning anything to distort.
Breaking my head- very fast.
Hit your face in the dirt- disgrace, disgrace before someone.

be at hand- about something accessible, close.
Keep yourself in hand- to maintain self-control, to be restrained.
How it was removed by hand- about the quickly passed pain, illness.
Bite your elbows- regret what you have done, with the inability to return back.
Hands down- Do the work diligently, without interruptions.
Hand in hand- about a joint, agreed deal or friendship.
At hand- about an object that is nearby, very close.
Grab with both hands- to take pleasure in any business.
Skillful fingers- about a talented person who skillfully copes with any work.

Get up on the wrong foot- Wake up feeling down.
Wipe your feet (about someone)- to harm, to get on your nerves, to annoy.
making feet- go, move.
Step on your heels- to catch up with someone or pursue, hanging on it.
Legs to hands- Do something immediately.
The devil himself will break his leg- about disorder, chaos in business or anywhere.
Get off your feet- very tired in any business or path.

Phraseologisms with the word "bread"

There is a gift of bread- do no good.
And that bread- about the estate of at least something, than nothing at all.
On your bread- live on your salary, without the possibility of anyone.
Not by bread alone- about a person who lives not only materially, but also spiritually.
Beat bread- to deprive the opportunity to earn money by selecting a job.
Survive from bread to kvass (to water)- to live in poverty, starve.
Sit down on bread and water- eat the cheapest food, save on food.
Daily bread- about the necessary for human life, its existence.
Bread and salt- an expensive greeting to guests, an invitation to the table.
Meal'n'Real!– an exclamation about the filing of vital priorities.
Don't feed bread- about a very busy or rich, not hungry person.

Phraseologisms on the topic of cuisine and food

free cheese- bait, luring into a trap.
Boil in your own juice- live your life. Or help yourself without the help of others.
Not worth a damn- about what is insignificant and not worth any cost.
donut hole- about something empty, not having any content.
For seven miles of jelly slurp- go somewhere unnecessarily.
brew porridge- to create a problem, they say, he brewed it himself - and disentangle it yourself.
And you can’t lure with a roll- about someone who can't be forced to change his mind.
Like chickens in cabbage soup- about getting into unexpected trouble. Kur - in old Russian "rooster".
Like clockwork- very simple, no problem.
Live like a lord- about a profitable, comfortable life.
You can't cook porridge- about joint action with someone with whom there will be no sense.
Milk rivers, kissel banks- about a fabulous, fully provided life.
Not at ease- feel uncomfortable. In an awkward situation.
Not salty slurping- not getting what you expected. To no avail.
For no rugs- an analogue of a phraseological unit And you can’t lure with a roll.
Neither fish nor fowl- about an ordinary person who does not have anything bright, expressive.
cut off hunk- about a person living independently, independent of others.
Professor of sour cabbage soup- about a person who talks about things that he himself does not really know.
Easier than a steamed turnip- nowhere is easier, or very simple.
To fix the mess- Solving complex, advanced problems.
Side of the bake- about someone or something unnecessary, optional, secondary.
Seventh water on jelly- about distant relatives, which are difficult to determine.
dog eat- about any business with a rich amount of experience.
Grated roll- about a person with rich life experience, not lost in difficult situations.
Radish horseradish is not sweeter- about an insignificant exchange for something that is not better.
Worse than bitter radish- about something completely unbearable, unbearable.
Nonsense on vegetable oil- that does not deserve any attention. Absurdity.
An hour later, a teaspoon- about inactive, unproductive work.

Phraseologisms with animals

Chasing two rabbits Trying to do two things at the same time.
To make mountains out of molehills- greatly exaggerate.
tease the geese- to annoy someone, to provoke anger.
No brainer (Goat understandable)- about something very clear, obvious.
And the wolves are full, and the sheep are safe- about a situation in which both here and there are good.
Like a cat with a dog- living together with constant swearing.
Like a chicken paw- to do something carelessly, carelessly, crookedly.
Like a chicken and an egg- about any subject that is difficult to part with.
Like a mouse to groats- to pout, to express dissatisfaction, resentment.
When cancer on the mountain whistles Never, or not at all.
Cats scratch at heart- about a sad, difficult condition or mood.
crocodile tears- crying for no reason, compassion for a non-existent sign.
Chickens for laughter- stupid, absurd, absurd, ridiculous.
Chickens don't peck- O in large numbers some person's money.
Lion's share- a big advantage in the direction of something. The biggest part.
Martyshkin labor- a useless process of work, vain efforts.
bear stepped on ear- about a person without a musical ear.
bear corner- a remote, isolated place. Far from civilization.
Disservice- help that brings more evil than good.
Cast pearls before swine- to conduct intelligent conversations in front of little understanding fools.
You can't ride on a crooked goat- about any person to whom it is difficult to find an approach.
On a bird's eye- not to have any legal grounds, provisions.
Not in horse food (oats)- about efforts that do not give the expected results.
Don't sew the mare's tail- completely unnecessary, out of place.
I'll show you where the crayfish hibernate- a prediction of revenge, an undesirable position.
Bury your head in the sand- try to get away from the problem without solving it.
Release the red rooster- arson, start a fire
Bird's-eye- from a great height, giving an overview of a large space.
Put a pig- to mischief, to do something unpleasant.
Watch like a ram on a new gate- to look at something with a stupid expression.
dog cold- severe cold, causing inconvenience.
Count the crows- to yawn, to be inattentive to something.
A dark horse- an obscure, little-known person.
Pull the cat's tail- to delay the case, to work very slowly.
Kill two birds with one stone solve two problems at the same time.
Though the wolf howl- about any situation without the possibility of changing it for the better.
The black cat ran- break friendly relations, quarrel.

Phraseological units with objects, other phraseological units

dead hour- for a long time.
Beat the thumbs- to do simple, not so important business.
Throw to the mercy of fate- to leave somewhere without helping and without being interested.
Green light for you!- free access to any business, act.
Put a spoke in wheel to intervene, intentionally interfere with someone.
go around the mountain- do something great.
Keep in line- treat someone strictly, for the good of one's will.
Keep your pocket wider- about too high and unrealizable hopes, expectations.
live happily ever after- to live in pleasure, happily, with prosperity.
From dirt to Kings- suddenly and abruptly achieve amazing success.
out of the ordinary- different from the usual, special.
Reinvent the wheel- try to do something from an already proven, reliable means.
From time immemorial- a long, long time ago.
The stone fell from the soul (from the heart)- a feeling of relief when getting rid of something oppressive.
oil painting- Everything is well and beautifully converged.
Roll a barrel- act aggressively towards someone.
Mom don't worry- about something extraordinary, beyond the ordinary understanding of things.
Change the awl for soap It's pointless to change one useless thing for another.
Cover yourself with a copper basin- suddenly and abruptly disappear, deteriorate; perish.
Found a scythe on a stone- Faced with an irreconcilable contradiction of opinions and interests.
Does not burn- not so important, not urgent.
Not far away- nearby, not too far away in time or space.
Not a bastard- not simple, not stupid.
It is too expensive- about the inconsistency with someone's income, financial capabilities.
From our table to yours- the transfer of any property to another person.
Shelving- leave something for an indefinite period of time.
Go too far- to be overzealous in something.
The song is sung- someone or something has come to an end.
Shoulder- about the ability to cope with something.
Essentially- Naturally, of course.
Add fuel to the fire- deliberately aggravate the conflict, provoke.
The train left- lost time to do something.
One, two - and miscalculated- about something in a small amount that is easy to count.
Born in a shirt- about a very lucky person who miraculously escaped tragedy.
Make ends meet- Difficulty coping with financial difficulties.
move a mountain- a lot to do.
Sitting on pins and needles- to be impatient, waiting, if you want to achieve something.
At least henna- about the indifference of a person who does not care about someone else's misfortune.