Floor standing gas condensing boilers Buderus Logano Plus. Choosing a condensing boiler for the home Inexpensive floor standing gas condensing boiler

Floor gas condensing boilers from the German company Buderus is the perfect combination of all best qualities heating technology. Outstanding efficiency in a compact size, innovative solutions and ease of use - all this and more, make Logano wall-mounted gas condensing boilers an excellent choice.

When a heating system provides the combination of power and efficiency that Buderus Logano gas condensing boilers offer, you can only enjoy warmth and comfort. Everything is concentrated in them: modulated power control, standardized duty cycle up to 108%, as well as low installation and maintenance costs.

Vendor code: 7736613553

Modern technological solutions used in the manufacture of the boiler make heating even more comfortable and economical. This heat unit will successfully replace outdated equipment during the modernization of the boiler room, freeing up space and saving money.

Vendor code: 7736613554

Vendor code: 7736613555

Modern technological solutions used in the manufacture of the boiler make heating even more comfortable and economical. This heat unit will successfully replace obsolete equipment during the modernization of the boiler room, freeing up space and saving money.

Vendor code: 7736613556

Vendor code: 7736613557

Vendor code: 7731600024

Vendor code: 7731600025

Floor-standing condensing boiler equipped with modern BC 20 automation and high-performance heat exchanger. Class A energy efficiency. The System version is equipped with an electronic circulation pump and an assembly for connecting a diverter valve.

Vendor code: 7736603034

Vendor code: 7736603028

Buderus Logano plus KB372-100 L RU 100 kW is a powerful, quiet and efficient condensing gas boiler. It has unique hydraulic characteristics, compact dimensions, flexible connection to heating systems and a modern interface.

Vendor code: 7736603035

Vendor code: 7736603029

Buderus Logano plus KB372-150 L RU 150 kW is a powerful, quiet and efficient condensing gas boiler. It has unique hydraulic characteristics, compact dimensions, flexible connection to heating systems and a modern interface.

Vendor code: 7736603036

Vendor code: 7736603030

Buderus Logano plus KB372-200 L RU 200 kW is a powerful, quiet and efficient condensing gas boiler. It has unique hydraulic characteristics, compact dimensions, flexible connection to heating systems and a modern interface.

Vendor code: 7736603037

Vendor code: 7736603031

Buderus Logano plus KB372-250 L RU 250 kW is a powerful, quiet and efficient condensing gas boiler. It has unique hydraulic characteristics, compact dimensions, flexible connection to heating systems and a modern interface.

Vendor code: 7736603038

Vendor code: 7736603032

Buderus Logano plus KB372-300 L RU 300 kW is a powerful, quiet and efficient condensing gas boiler. It has unique hydraulic characteristics, compact dimensions, flexible connection to heating systems and a modern interface.

Vendor code: 7736603033

The floor gas boilers buderus has everything to make them the best in terms of price-quality ratio. Designing and installing equipment is as simple as you can imagine. Coordinated components assembled and pre-configured at the factory save the customer a lot of time. Automatic adjustable premix gas burner, factory assembled and set to operational readiness for natural gas, provides instant readiness for work. The large hatch for cleaning the heating surfaces is convenient for inspections and mechanical cleaning. The Logamatic EMS (Energy Management System) automation system that controls the energy consumption ensures optimal control of the combustion process, and the SDS (Service Diagnose System) service diagnostics system ensures the high operational reliability of the buderus floor-standing gas boiler.

Floor-standing boilers Buderus - one for all:

Floor standing gas boilers Buderus can work in any heating system. However, the optimal use of the heat of the condensation process is ensured in low-temperature systems, for example, at 30-40 ° C. With all this, even in heating installations with a design temperature of 70-90 ° C, condensation heat can be used for approximately 80% of the duration of the heating period. .

Floor-standing boilers Buderus - the details that decide everything:

Buderus Logano gas condensing floor standing boilers are a prime example of well-designed heating equipment that is characterized by high efficiency, reliability and long term operation.

The gas valve with integrated leak detection and standard gas filter guarantees quick and easy commissioning.

Logano floor-standing condensing boilers can operate in two modes of combustion air intake: from the installation room and from outside. Independence from the air in the room significantly increases the scope of heating equipment from Buderus.

Quiet economical pre-mix burner with low emissions to the atmosphere, provides wide modulation in the range of 15-100%.

The Logamatic control system can be easily and quickly expanded functionally by installing various additional modules. In addition, the control unit, for better access, can be placed on the front or side walls of the boiler body.

All parts in contact with flue gases and condensate are made of stainless materials. The heat exchanger, which has large heat transfer surfaces, has a high standardized utilization factor - up to 110%.

The three-pass or two-pass design of the boilers contributes to high performance and low emissions of harmful substances. Compact design, light weight and small footprint make Buderus Logano floorstanding gas condensing boilers the ideal choice for retrofitting outdated heating equipment, as well as for designing heating and hot water systems for new residential or industrial buildings.

Vaillant ecoCOMPACT VSC INT

Gas condensing boilers are the latest technology in the category of heating technology. Their main advantage over traditional appliances is their high efficiency, which is 15–20% higher than that of conventional boilers. But high efficiency is observed only at low-temperature operation of the heating system.

And that is not all.

Features of condensing boilers

Such units can provide additional branches with heat, for example, the "warm floor" system. Plus, their service life is 2 times longer than that of traditional models, and a wider range of power and configuration. Such wall-mounted boilers can have a power of up to 100 kilowatts, while ordinary boilers can have up to 35 kW.

Why do conventional boilers have low efficiency? To understand this, you need to understand the design of the device. In such units, the selection of thermal energy is carried out in sufficient large quantities, but not all of it goes to heating the coolant, since there are losses. In addition, under certain conditions, condensation forms on the heat exchanger. This leads to corrosion of the metal from which the heat exchanger is made. So the life of such a boiler is several times less.

Why does condensation appear? It's all about the temperature inside the heat exchanger. It should not fall below a certain indicator. If this happens, the draft in the chimney weakens, and wet vapors begin to settle on the metal parts of the boiler. With sufficient draft, wet vapors are removed from the combustion chamber in a timely manner. This is the whole problem with conventional gas boilers.

In condensing boilers, a recovery process operates when latent heat energy is extracted from the condensing wet vapors generated during the combustion of natural gas. And this distinguishing feature such boilers.

If we consider the individual components of any boiler, then its main element is a heat exchanger. In conventional boilers, it is one, and in condensing boilers there are two. Moreover, they are separate or combined - two-stage. The primary heat exchanger in condensing boilers works the same as in conventional boilers. That is, the heat from the combustion of fuel passes through it, heating its surface, and hence the coolant, which moves through the internal cavities. By the way, the primary coolant never cools down to the dew point temperature. The second heat exchanger is heated by the same gases, but the coolant flows through it from the return line.

Boiler device

Now notice that the water in the return is much lower than in the supply line. This means that wet vapors will necessarily condense on the surfaces of the heat exchanger. But at the same time, latent thermal energy from the condensation process will be added here. That is, during the transition of a substance from a vaporous state to a liquid state, heat is always released. This is the law of physics. That is why the efficiency of condensing boilers is several percent higher than that of conventional boilers.

But this raises one very important question - how to deal with negative impact moisture that will form on the walls of the secondary heat exchanger? Experts offer two options:

Manufacture stainless steel heat exchanger.
Coat a cast iron or steel device with silumin, an alloy of aluminum and silicon.

Where does the condensate go?

This question is often asked by consumers who decide to purchase a condensing boiler. The design of the heater has a small reservoir where the condensate is collected. From there it is discharged into the sewer. By the way, in Europe it is forbidden to drain such water into the sewer. Each consumer must, at his own expense, dispose of condensate effluents. These are the tough requirements.

Vaillant ecoCOMPACT

How much condensate is formed, for example, per day? If we take a 30-kilowatt floor-standing condensing gas boiler, it will produce about 30 liters of condensate per day. The volume is considerable, which is why the Europeans do not give permission to drain all this into common system sewerage. True, today models have appeared on the market, in the design of which a converter is mounted. This is a new tank filled with magnesium and potassium granules, which are alkali metals. Acid condensate passes through an alkaline environment with the occurrence of a chemical reaction. As a result, end products are formed - carbon dioxide and water. This water can already be drained into the sewer.

And now a few words about the maximum efficiency of the condensing unit. If you purchase this model, but leave the old heating system, where there is no radiant piping, do not complain that there will be no savings. After all, such a boiler will work effectively only during the heating period, and then everything will go according to old scheme. Therefore, advice - immediately change the wiring diagram. This is the first.

Secondly, the temperature difference at the outlet of the boiler and the inlet must be at least 55 degrees. In this case, the optimal indicator of the temperature of the coolant at the outlet should be + 82C. And this is with the natural circulation of hot water inside the heating system.

The history of the appearance of devices

Boiler room in the house

These boilers appeared in the 50s of the last century. The first models were unreliable, because they quickly failed under the influence of acidic condensate. Moreover, in different European countries there was no single standard for gas mixtures used to heat the coolant. That is, there was a problem on the problem. Everything changed in the 70s, when stainless steel was used for the production of secondary heat exchangers.

Today, in almost all European countries, the state supports the installation of condensing boilers. For example, for its purchase, banks issue loans with the lowest interest.

Alternative point of view

One hundred percent efficiency is a bluff of advertisers. But manufacturers of heating types of equipment, including gas boilers, are trying to achieve maximum efficiency. It should be remembered that such an indicator depends on many factors:

From the age of the heating unit.
The ratio of the power of the boiler and the volume of the room that it heats.
Uses modern look ignition or old options.

Currently, manufacturers offer two types of condensing boilers - with wet and dry heat transfer. Dry heat units are boilers that are used in residential areas, that is, they are ordinary condensing devices. Wet heat exchangers are mainly used in commercial boilers and are still under development. They are more efficient but much more expensive.

Benefits of condensation

circuit diagram

In all boilers that are installed in small private houses, it is possible to change the power by regulating the gas supply to the burner. Condensing boilers in this regard are in no way inferior to conventional counterparts, but their maximum efficiency is noted at lower temperatures. That's the whole difference. But not only.

How does the power of the boiler and the temperature of the coolant correlate? The more powerful the boiler, the more fuel it consumes, and the higher the temperature of the coolant. And vice versa. Most often, the efficiency, and hence the efficiency of the heating unit, depends on the fuel supply. The more of it, the better.

In condensing boilers, things are different. Their maximum efficiency is observed when the boiler is loaded by only 30%. In this case, it makes no sense to choose from a low-power or more powerful unit, since this indicator does not matter.

By the way, experts believe that the "warm floor" system interacts well with the condensing boiler:

The temperature of the coolant in both the supply and return of the underfloor heating is always below the condensation level of wet vapors. This barrier is +56C.
In the underfloor heating system, there is a fairly large volume of water that has to be long time heat. That is, the burner operation cycle at low temperatures with minimum power increases. This means that more time is spent on the condensation process.

Compared with a simple boiler, the coolant heats up quickly, the burner turns off, and no vapor condensation occurs. There is a reduction in efficiency.

Chimney for boiler

Baxi Coaxial

It is clear that combustion products with a low temperature come out of condensing boilers, which means that the draft in the chimney will be weak. In a natural way, combustion products cannot rise through the chimney, therefore, in such models, the combustion chamber is closed, and fans are installed on the chimney. By the way, it is for such boilers that a coaxial chimney is mounted - a pipe in a pipe. On the inside, the fan removes the combustion products of the fuel, and on the outside, air from the street is fed into the combustion chamber.

Please note that condensation is bound to form in the chimney itself, whether you like it or not. Therefore, it is made of acid-resistant steel. And if the house has a brick chimney, then its inner walls must be lined with the same steel. This required condition proper operation of condensing boilers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of such units include the fact that during a long winter, when average temperature equal to -20C, they work much more efficiently than their conventional counterparts. In addition, with proper operation, natural gas is saved by at least 15%. And if you compare with the old models, then by all 30%. In addition, these models are the least harmful environment, because they emit a minimum of CO and other gases.

Buderus Logano plus SB615

But they have only one drawback - this is a high price. And if we again make a comparison, then the difference with conventional units will be no less than 2 times. If we consider the situation from an economic point of view, then such heating units will pay off faster where the need for heat is greatest. Therefore, the disadvantage can be transferred to another category. We will assume that these are direct investments, because the growth in the cost of gas is obvious. And no one knows what its price will be in 5 or 6 years. And savings are a constant value, so you don’t have to skimp when choosing the latest technologies.

Conclusion on the topic

New technologies in the field of heating are gradually entering our lives. And it is clear that the manufacturer will win, which will put on the market highly efficient units according to affordable price. We will not yet argue that gas condensing boilers have acceptable price, but this is only the beginning. A few years ago, few people knew about these boilers, but now they are quite popular. And most importantly, consumers look at the price less and less, realizing that saving even 15% is a good indicator.

Owners of private housing construction are interested in cheap ways to heat their homes in winter period. Condensing gas boilers that have recently appeared on the market have the highest efficiency among analogues. In addition, with their help, from 10 to 35% of the energy carrier is saved, which has a positive effect on the consumer's budget.

Principle of operation

This unit is designed on the basis of a conventional (convection) heat generator. The energy carrier for both types of boilers is natural or liquefied gas.

The principle of operation of a convection boiler is extremely simple. The fuel, burning, through the heat exchanger transfers energy to the coolant (most often ordinary water). Heated water circulates through the heating system, heating the home.

Combustion products with a temperature of 140–150°C, consisting of carbon dioxide and water vapor, are removed through the chimney. As a result, the efficiency of this heat generator is from 90 to 93%, the remaining 7–10% of unused energy escapes into the atmosphere.

It is important! At flue gas temperatures below 140°C, condensate forms on the walls of the chimney, which, when it enters the boiler, adversely affects metal components, reducing the durability of the unit itself.

Differences in the operation of conventional and condensing boilers

In a condensing boiler, the combustion products, having passed through the main heat exchanger, enter the aftercooling chamber with a secondary (condensing) heat exchanger, through which the cooled water (return) flows. Passing through this heat exchanger, the gases cool down. At temperatures below 56°C (dew point - dew point), water vapor is converted to condensate. Thermal energy, released in this case, is used to preheat the "return". The temperature of the gases entering the atmosphere through the chimney drops to 40-60°C.

Thus, already slightly heated water enters the main heat exchanger. As a result, the boiler needs to spend less fuel to heat the coolant to the desired value.

Manufacturers claim that the efficiency of these units reaches 104-108%. From the point of view of physics, this is impossible. This value is conditional and is a marketing gimmick. In this case, the energy released during the combustion of fuel is taken as 100% efficiency.

Scheme of formation of efficiency in gas boilers.

Wall-mounted boilers are used to heat small detached buildings.

floor standing

The power of floor units reaches 1000 kW. They have large dimensions and weight. Installation space required additional equipment and placement of strapping. Under them, a separate room is usually allocated.

Differ in simplicity of a design and complexity of installation. Used for heating industrial and commercial buildings with large areas.

Floor boilers are installed in large rooms

By appointment, condensing boilers are divided into double-circuit and single-circuit.

Dual circuit

In addition to heating the premises, they supply water to the hot water supply system (DHW). For this, the boiler is equipped with an additional heat exchanger. In addition, a three-way valve is installed in the boiler, which regulates the flow of water to only one of the systems. When using hot water for domestic purposes, the valve automatically stops the supply of coolant to the heating system, as it is set to DHW priority.

The capacity of the DHW circuit is relatively small. The inclusion of hot water at several points at the same time quickly leads to a decrease in its temperature.

The use of double-circuit boilers is advisable when hot water is consumed infrequently and in small volumes.

single circuit

Designed for space heating only. However, in many models it is possible to connect a boiler to the boiler indirect heating- a storage tank that automatically maintains the required temperature. Its volume is selected depending on the owner's needs for hot water supply. This allows you to use hot water for own needs without restrictions, without turning off the heating system. It is convenient to install a single-circuit boiler with a boiler in a house with three or more tenants.

Advantages and disadvantages of a condensing gas boiler

Thanks to a large number advantages compared to conventional boilers, condensing heat generators are increasingly popular among the population. But these units also have disadvantages that must be taken into account.

pros	Minuses
Small dimensions and weight (wall-mounted)	High purchase price
High efficiency	Efficiency and expediency of operation only in low-temperature heating systems
Flexible modulation according to the required parameters	The need for disposal or neutralization of condensate
Energy saving up to 35%	High sensitivity to supply air quality
High environmental friendliness
Low noise and vibration
Low exhaust temperature
Ease of installation (wall-mounted)
Savings on the arrangement of the chimney

Popular brands

Having decided to purchase this type of heat generator, it is better to pay attention to modern reliable models of well-known manufacturers.

"Buderus Logamax Plus GB172i" (Germany)

Wall mounted condensing boilers of a new generation with a capacity of 20 to 42 kW, embodying the latest developments in the world of heating technology. They have excellent performance and modern design:

Regulatory efficiency - 109%;
For the manufacture of the front panel, impact-resistant glass "Titanium glass" is used;
Highly efficient and durable heat exchangers WB5 and WW6 made of aluminum alloy ALU plus;
Built-in pump with class A energy efficiency;
High efficiency burner, modulation range - 1:8;
Automation "Buderus Logamatic ВС 25" with the possibility of integrating additional automation to expand functionality;
The presence of a weather-dependent mode (burner operation relative to the external or internal temperature);
Work on antifreeze;
Branch pipe for coaxial chimney 80/125;
Possibility of adding automation "Buderus Logamatic TC100" or "Logamatic web KM200" to control the operation of the boiler via the Internet;
Energy efficiency class - A.

Boiler models "Buderus"

There are two-circuit and single-circuit models. An indirect heating boiler can be connected to the latter.

Price - from 88,000 rubles.

Viessmann Vitodens 100-W (Germany, Türkiye)

Models of this line are a good combination of high efficiency, reliability and price.

Are issued with power from 19 to 35 kW.

Viessmann Vitodens 100-W boilers operating on liquefied and main gas are ideal for heating private houses and office premises:

The price of models running on liquefied gas is from 76,000 rubles.

The price of models running on main gas is from 96,500 rubles.

Vaillant ecoTEC plus VU OE (Germany)

The the lineup single-circuit boilers are environmentally friendly and economical. The power of the manufactured units is 30–65 kW.

Ideal for low temperature heating systems:

Rated efficiency - 108%;
Simulated burner with a wide range of 28-100%;
Primary and condensing heat exchangers are made of stainless steel with increased resistance to corrosion;
Environmental friendliness;
Automatic air vent;
two stage circulation pump with automatic switching;
Variable speed fan;
Integrated expansion tank;
Siphon for condensate removal;
System for increasing the efficiency of the condensing heat exchanger "Agua-Kondens";
Electronic ignition;
Flame control system;
Built-in switching module for the interface;
Smoke exhaust pipe 60/100 mm.

For the DHW system, an indirect heating boiler is connected.

All Vaillant models are IPX4D rated.

Price - from 91500 rubles.

Baxi Duo-Tec Compact (Italy)

The line is represented by a single-circuit boiler with a capacity of 24 kW and two double-circuit boilers with a capacity of 24 and 28 kW.

They are distinguished by the introduced advanced technologies, ease of installation, operation and maintenance at a low price:

Rated efficiency - 109%;
Changeover to liquefied gas;
Primary and secondary (two-circuit) heat exchangers are made of stainless steel AISI 316L;
Steel burner with modulating factor 1:7;
Flame control system with ionizer;
Circulation pump with high energy saving;
Built-in automatic air vent;
Electric three-way valve (in all models);
Mode of operation relative to the built-in weather-compensated automation;
Management of separate different temperature zones;
Protection systems against overheating, freezing, blocking;
NTC sensor that monitors the level of exhaust gas pollution;
Self-diagnosing electronics.

If necessary, an indirect heating boiler is connected to a single-circuit model.

Gas boiler "Baxi Duo-Tec Compact"

Price - from 50500 rubles.

The described models have gained popularity due to their efficiency, impeccability, and reliability.

IN modern world great importance, especially in last years began to pay attention to the problems of heat and energy saving. This is connected with the issues of saving resources, and with a reasonable attitude towards the environment. Effective way Combining such "environmental savings" was the use of methods of utilization and recovery of residual heat.

A couple of years ago, these methods were used only in large-scale industries, but today environmentally friendly and economical devices are available to the average consumer. These issues are especially important in the field of individual heating. So scientists created gas condensing boilers.

What is the essence of this technology?

As you know, when natural gas is burned, steam is formed, which has a small amount of energy. So, this energy can be extracted. In conventional gas boilers, steam and exhaust gases simply heat the coolant and are discharged outside.

Condensing boilers are equipped with an additional circuit, where this “unnecessary” heat is taken additionally. All combustion products are cooled to a temperature of about 55 degrees, at which the process of water condensation occurs.

In the process of condensation, latent heat is released, and it is transferred to the coolant. It turns out that such a gas condensing boiler will work both more efficiently and more economically.

The main advantages of this unit are:

In high efficiency, which is about 109% - not a single gas device cannot boast of such an indicator.
The condensing boiler consumes 20% less fuel (compared to a conventional appliance).
The device may have a lighter plastic chimney due to the fact that the exhaust gases from the boiler have a low temperature (at 40 ° C).

As for the disadvantages of this type of boiler. Condensing gas appliances require a condensate drainage system. Difficulties sometimes arise with this, especially when choosing a gas wall-mounted boiler. After all, it will be difficult to connect it to the sewer to remove condensate.

And another drawback is the low temperature of the coolant. It will be necessary to calculate other heating elements that have a large capacity.

Condensing boilers - video review

Distinctive features of the technological device

Condensing boilers, in addition to all their advantages, also have design features. Their heat exchanger is made of reliable high-quality steel, and a spiral with small holes is installed in the heat exchanger itself, which allows heated gas to pass through.

Another "highlight" of this type of heating is a burner. It is in it that the gas is enriched with oxygen, due to which the entire fuel volume is effectively burned. Such a burner was invented in order to remove the vapors released by the condensate and harmful substances that can cause corrosion of the heat exchanger.

Gas condensing models, like classic heating units, can be single- and double-circuit. That is, serve only to heat the house, or also perform the function of heating water. Also, condensing boilers differ in the installation method - they can be wall-mounted and floor-mounted.

Wall-mounted heating boilers

Such models are popular as a boiler with a boiler, since most often these condensing boilers perform two functions at once - water heating and heating. In this equipment, a heat exchanger with a special high-performance core will be installed.

Which manufacturers offer condensing wall-mounted and technological boilers?

Beretta heating boilers – Italian representatives of boilers from famous company. The price of the cheapest unit will be 570 USD. such a model will have a power of 11 kW, an automatic ignition system, temperature control and the possibility of self-diagnosis.

Beretta gas boilers differ in several more features:

Equipped with cast iron parts, which are made specifically for Italian boilers.
Are completed with torches for work on gas and gas-diesel fuel.
Equipped with adjustable temperature.

Wall-mounted boilers Lamborghini - These condensing gas appliances are characterized by high power, and most of the devices are equipped with an aluminum heat exchanger. The price of Lamborghini boilers starts from 2100 USD. - this is how much a condensing unit with a capacity of 53 kW will cost.

Boilers also differ:

The presence of a relay that controls the flow of gas.
Electric ignition system.
The presence of a thermostat that reacts to poor draft and turns off the device in case of danger of smoke.
The presence of operating modes "winter / summer".

Floor boilers

Such condensation models are designed for a large area and, as a rule, they have increased power (compared to wall models). Most often, floor-standing gas boilers are made in a single-circuit version - they serve only for space heating.

The price of floor models due to increased power is sometimes more than double-circuit models. This is due to the fact that the floor heating condensing boiler most of all “taken root” in large houses - it works more efficiently, and consumes less fuel than a classic appliance.

A floor-standing powerful condensing boiler is available from several brands, but the models from Baxi and Viessmann are considered the most “strong”.

Floor-standing boilers from Baxi and Viessmann are designed for heating big house- their power is up to 65 kW, which is enough to heat a house of 650 square meters. Of course, the price of such a unit will be about 3000 USD.

But not only this is due to such a price, in addition, Baxi and Viessmann gas condensing boilers are equipped with:

steel heat exchanger.
Electronic manometer.
Antifreeze system.
Touch control panel.

How to choose a condensing device?

Firstly, it is worth saying that a condensing-type gas heating boiler, although it costs more than other appliances, will pay for itself with fuel savings in a couple of years. In addition, it is the condensing boiler that will consume gas much more economically and heat a large house more efficiently.

It is worth choosing the optimal model based on the general parameters - the method of installation, power and the availability of automatic and protective systems.

A boiler with a power of 25 kW will cope with heating a house of 150-180 square meters.
A medium power device is capable of heating water up to 60 degrees.
The average water heating indicator of a heating boiler is 10 liters of water that will heat up in one minute to a temperature of +25 °C.
The optimal gas consumption for a house of 100-160 square meters. meters is 2.7 cubic meters / hour.