Secret achievements: what are the principles of the weapons of the future. "Weapons based on new physical principles": myths and reality Prospects for creating weapons based on new physical principles

Unconventional weapons are designed primarily to deprive the enemy of the possibility of active resistance. They are based on the latest achievements and discoveries in the field of fundamental and applied sciences. Since they use physical principles that have not yet been applied in mass weapons, they are sometimes called "a weapon based on new physical principles". There are many varieties of such weapons: acoustic, beam, laser, plasma, accelerator (beam), X-ray, radiological, proton, gamma laser, radio frequency, electromagnetic, thermal, scalar...

This is not a complete list of everything that has been put into operation or is under development in recent years:

sound generators that cause unbearable pain; strobe lights that cause nausea; disorienting lasers;

blinding flashes;

isotropic radiators (a type of weapon that throws out laser beams that blind people and optical instruments);

laser beams that burst eyeballs;

ultrasonic beams so powerful that they can destroy buildings, as well as the internal organs of enemy soldiers;

sleeping pills that can put entire armies to sleep; a wide range of hallucinogens added to drinking water systems;

topographic images that disorientate or morally suppress the enemy;

infra-low frequency generators that can project voices into a person's brain or destroy their immune system;

gases that do not kill, but incapacitate the enemy; electromagnetic pistols;

infrared transmitters that can set buildings on fire; aerosols that make metals brittle;

super-corrosive substances - hundreds of times stronger than ordinary toxic substances; non-nuclear electromagnetic pulses capable of

blow up ammunition depots and disable electronics, etc.

Weapons based on new physical principles can be used both for lethal destruction and for short-term incapacitation of enemy manpower (non-lethal weapons). It can be effectively used against weapons and military equipment, important objects of the economy and infrastructure, for the destruction of the information and energy space of the enemy, the violation of the mental state of its population.

Geospheric, biospheric and psychospheric weapons

The very fact of the presence of geospheric (geophysical) weapons has not yet been officially recognized by any country. However, it really exists, and the scale and consequences of its use are such that geophysical weapons can rightfully be called a global weapon of mass destruction, and even an “apocalyptic weapon”.

24 Tkachenko T.E. Dept. 12 "Medico-biological and environmental protection"

liptic." Unlike weapons of past centuries, they affect not only individual zones of military conflicts, but the entire sphere of human habitation - from the earth's interior to outer space. To defeat the enemy, it often uses natural phenomena and processes. Artificially generated they cause natural disasters, provoke local climate changes, destroy sources and reserves of natural resources, affect flora and fauna. The Earth itself becomes a weapon.

Today, geophysical weapons have a fairly wide range of energy sources and mechanisms of influence on natural environment. Depending on the environment in which this weapon is used, the following types can be conditionally distinguished: lithospheric (tectonic, geological), hydrospheric (hydrological), meteorological (weather), ozone (biocosmic), ionospheric and magnetospheric ( geocosmic, climatic) weapons.

Biospheric weapons can be conditionally divided into two categories. The first category includes environmental weapons. It is intended not so much to defeat a person, but to selectively affect the biological environment of his habitat - plant and animal world. The second category is biological weapons. It directly or indirectly affects human physiology, disrupting its normal functioning. At the same time, it can damage the human body both directly and indirectly - slowly destroying its vitality, undermining protection from infectious and meteorological factors. The consequence of the use of such weapons may be the gradual death of people or their long-term incapacitation. The result of the use of biospheric weapons may be a spontaneous demoralization of the enemy population, caused by widespread outbreaks infectious diseases. Modern varieties of biological weapons include genetic, ethnic and racial weapons.

Psychospheric weapon. The fight against the enemy is underway different ways: military, political, economic. The most effective and dangerous weapon has always been considered to be a weapon that changes the mind of the enemy, makes him inadequately perceive reality, unconsciously make wrong decisions, and commit disastrous actions for himself. The traditional methods of information-psychological warfare have been supplemented by a wide range of new means. They are able to purposefully and effectively influence the consciousness, will, feelings and moods of people, significantly weakening the morale of the enemy, disorganizing his system of state and military administration.

In addition to traditional information and psychological means, the arsenal of today's psychospheric weapons includes: psychotropic (drug) weapons (neuroleptics, psychedelics, drugs), psychotronic (technogenic and psychogenic effects on the brain), virtual and cybernetic (computer viruses that destroy software and information in data banks) weapons, as well as non-traditional types of psi-weapons (parapsychological, psychic, remote, magic, techno-magic). In the struggle to achieve superiority in the spiritual sphere, as a particularly promising and just beginning to develop, is the noospheric weapon. Using the latest techniques and hardware, this weapon allows you to influence the individual and collective consciousness through the information field of the planet. It is the possession of the technologies of psychospheric warfare that will become the decisive factor in achieving victory over the enemy.

One of the directions another revolution in military affairs is the development weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action. The essence of this weapon, which is created on the basis of a variety of chemical, biological, physical and other principles, is that it should minimize the loss of manpower and material assets of the enemy.

Some of its species cause massive human diseases (often fatal), irreversible damage to the eyes and internal organs, leading to lifelong disability.

Another feature of this weapon is a strong psychological impact on the enemy, not only at the time of use, but even just in anticipation of such use. Means of non-lethal effects are recommended to be used not only on the offensive or in defense, but also during special operations: to disable enemy control posts, rear facilities and communications. The same weapon is recommended as a police weapon in interethnic and other conflicts, to combat terrorism, smuggling, and drug trafficking.

In addition to biospheric, geospheric and psychospheric weapons, non-traditional weapons based on new physical principles include acoustic, beam,

electromagnetic, scalar, chemical and biological new generation, cyber weapons.

Acoustic weapons. One of the most promising types of non-lethal weapons is acoustic weapons. It covers three characteristic frequency ranges: the infrasonic region below 20 Hz (hertz), the audible region from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, and the ultrasonic region above 20 kHz. The object of influence is the human body, as well as radio electronic means, which operate on the principle of receiving and converting acoustic waves.

There are several main ways to use infrasonic weapons: infrasound generators operating with “directional beams” (combat sound guns), infrasonic “bombs” dropped on the enemy, as well as devices that form acoustic “bullets” emitted by large-diameter antennas. To generate infrasound, it is also possible to use jet engines equipped with resonators with sound reflectors.

In parallel with combat acoustic weapons, non-lethal acoustic weapons are being developed for installation with an adjustable frequency on helicopters, as well as acoustic beam weapons operating on the basis of a thermoacoustic resonator with a frequency of 20 to 340 Hz.

Ultrasonic weapons have specific capabilities. With short pulses, cavitation may result in the formation of bubbles and tissue micro-ruptures. This weapon allows you to disable the psyche and nervous system of a person, completely deprive a person of memory. It is used for remote zombification of a person, including covert.

Electromagnetic weapons include weapons in which a magnetic field is used to impart initial velocity to the projectile, or the energy of electromagnetic radiation is used directly to hit the target. Designed to deprive the enemy of combat capability without destroying him physically.

Pulse weapon. This is a kind of remote electric shocker. His task

- immobilize the enemy or disable equipment with an electric shock at a great distance. Such weapons, in particular, include a new type of indi-

visual weapons - tetanizers, or tetanizers, which make it possible to temporarily immobilize a person or animals at a distance of up to 100 m. In the future, the range of destruction of living objects is planned to be increased to two or more kilometers. Not only a powerful electrical impulse can be dangerous, but also an aiming laser beam. Safe on open skin, it can seriously damage the cornea of ​​the victim's eye.

Artificial lightning. Recently, a new variety of sabotage electromagnetic weapons has been emerging. It is designed to hit targets with artificially initiated lightning.

Electromagnetic ammunition. Work is underway to create and improve disposable EMP munitions based on cruise missiles and guided bombs. They are planned to be used not only as a means of the “first day of the war” (to paralyze air defense systems, control and communications), but also as a way to destroy security systems and access to bunkers where chemical and biological munitions are stored.

Radio frequency (microwave) weapons. American specialists consider generators of microwave oscillations to be one of the most promising types of electromagnetic weapons. Microwave radiation generators are designed for remote impact on large crowds of people. Microwave radiation can affect not only humans, but also equipment. Combat generators of microwave radiation installed in space or on aircraft can be used both to destroy space and air targets, and to destroy ground targets (weapon models, ammunition depots, fuel and lubricants). By concentrating a beam of millimeter (EHF) waves on such objects, it is possible to create a thermal clot sufficient to ignite combustible objects and explosives.

The damaging effect of a beam weapon is based on the use of sharply directed beams of electromagnetic energy or a concentrated beam of elementary particles accelerated to high speeds. Beam weapons can cause not only thermal effects, but also radiation damage. The main advantage of such weapons is the secrecy of their use (lack of external signs in the form of fire, smoke, sound), high accuracy, straightness of propagation, almost instantaneous achievement of the goal, since electromagnetic radiation propagates at the speed of light.

The main types of beam weapons are laser, x-ray, gamma-laser and beam (accelerator) weapons.

Laser weapons. Their principle of operation is based on the emission of electromagnetic waves in the optical range by a powerful quantum generator (laser). The energy emitted by a laser propagates in space in the form of a narrow beam with a high degree of concentration. The damaging effect of a laser beam is based primarily on the effect of high-temperature heating. It causes melting and even evaporation of materials, burning fuel tanks, damaging electronics and supersensitive elements, blinding the organs of vision and causing thermal burns to a person.

Gamma laser weapons are still under development. Unlike conventional optical lasers, a gamma laser (grazer) does not generate light, but gamma rays, which are superior in power to X-rays. The principle of operation of gamma lasers is similar to lasers in the optical range, but their device is much more complicated.

X-ray weapon. Interest in X-ray weapons as possible remedy the defeat of manpower and equipment is quite large. First, the energy of X-ray radiation is hundreds and thousands of times greater than that of lasers in the optical range. Secondly, it is capable of penetrating through considerable thicknesses of various materials without being reflected from obstacles like laser beams.

Accelerator (beam) weapon. The damaging factor of accelerating weapons is a sharply directed beam of energy-saturated charged (electrons, protons) or neutral particles accelerated by a powerful generator to high speeds. To increase the damaging effect, it is supposed to inflict not single, but group strikes of 10-20 pulses each. A powerful flow of energy hits the target with a strong mechanical impact, as well as intense thermal effects. In doing so, it produces a brief x-ray emission. The objects of destruction can be hulls and electronic equipment of space vehicles, ballistic and cruise missiles, various systems of military equipment. With the help of a powerful electron flow, it will be possible to cause a remote detonation of ammunition, to melt the nuclear charges of warheads. This weapon can also be used against manpower.

A variation of the accelerating weapon is the plasma weapon. Its main means of destruction is a clot of plasma - a plasmoid, which is a cloud of heated ionized gas. A typical example of a plasma cloud is ball lightning. A special generator “throws” a high-temperature plasma bunch into the air channel, preheated by microwave or laser radiation, which, at a speed of about one fifth of the speed of light, overtakes and hits the target. In case of a miss or absence of an obstacle on its way, the plasmoid dissipates without a trace in the air.

Today, intensive work is underway to create a new generation of weapons based on artificial proton decay (IPD). Any substance can serve as fuel for this proton weapon. Only a quarter of a gram of it is capable of releasing energy equal to the explosion of 25,000 tons of TNT. This is more than the power of nuclear bombs dropped by the Americans on Japanese cities in 1945. Based on the IPR principle, the developers hope to create generators of any power and purpose: from individual combat emitters to strategic space systems with any accuracy of action. This will be a revolution in military technology: the power of IPR-based beam weapons theoretically has no limits.

Scalar weapons based on the use of multi-element translators, which make it possible to convert electromagnetic energy into the energy of a scalar wave, can also be attributed to a variety of electric weapons.

Non-traditional weapons include:

radiological weapons based on the use of military radioactive substances in the form of powders or solutions of substances;

thermal (thermal) weapons that use high-temperature incendiaries delivered to targets by high-precision weapons as a damaging factor;

Graphite bombs equipped with conductive filaments made of a carbon-based composite material are effective for disabling power facilities. When hit on high-voltage lines, substations, these threads cause multiple short circuits, significant damage to equipment and fires;

heliophysical weapons that create a “plasma channel” in the atmosphere and stratosphere, through which destructive solar radiation penetrates to the Earth's surface;

cybernetic weapons that strike at the computer networks and information systems of the enemy with the help of malicious programs (viruses) and hacker attacks;

biological weapons of a new generation, which accelerate the destruction of structural and other materials (changes the structure of metals and alloys, rubbers, polymers, transforms fuels and lubricants into a jelly-like mass);

chemical weapons of a new generation that change the structure and properties of metals and alloys, change the combustion parameters, and also cause a decrease in the combat capability and mobility of manpower (super lubricants that turn highways, railroad tracks and runways into super slippery rollers; adhesive substances that instantly glue weapon parts and machine aggregates, synthetic foams with the highest stickiness, "superfog", which is an absolutely opaque aerosol, impenetrable to light and heat radiation and rendering powerless any optical devices and sights).

Biospheric weapons can be conditionally divided into two categories. The first can be attributed to environmental weapons. It is intended not so much to defeat a person, but to selectively influence the biological environment of his habitat - flora and fauna. Essential for human Natural resources that it strikes are very limited and practically non-renewable.

The second category is biological weapons. It directly or indirectly affects human physiology, disrupting its normal functioning. Modern varieties of biological weapons are genetic, ethnic and racial weapons.

Ecological weapons are considered the last word in the development of non-conventional weapons. It can cause truly catastrophic changes in the biosphere. Artificial soil erosion, the death of flora and fauna can not only leave the enemy without food, but also lead to a catastrophic change in his habitat. The chemical, incendiary and biological agents currently at the disposal of the military are capable of completely destroying the surface fertile soil layer and causing irreparable damage to flora and fauna over vast areas.

Genetic weapon. Today, this term is understood as substances of chemical or biological origin that can cause mutations (structural changes) in genes in the human body, accompanied by a violation of health or programmed behavior of people.

Ethnic weapons are defined today as weapons designed to defeat certain ethnic and racial groups of people through targeted chemical or biological effects on cells, tissues, organs, systems of the human body that have certain intraspecific group hereditary characteristics.

The danger of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and transgenic products lies not only in their possible “combat” programming, but also in the principles of the human genetic mechanism that have not been fully elucidated. Now

it is clear that the genes in the body of different ethnic groups interact with each other, and even more so with foreign genes.

The objects of influence of ethnic weapons can be animals, plants, soil microflora, specific to a particular region. In the organisms of people permanently residing in a certain territory, genetically determined biochemical features are inherited. They depend on climatic factors and habitual water, infectious conditions and especially on traditional food. Genetic modification of the soil, plants and animals used for food will definitely affect the health of local residents. Such "ethnic" impact on the environment is now seen as a weapon of sterilization (deprivation of the ability to bear children) and a means of genocide.

In geophysical (geospheric, ecological) weapons - weapons in which the object and means of influence is the natural (geophysical) environment: hydrosphere, lithosphere, surface layers of the atmosphere, ozonosphere, magnetosphere, ionosphere, near-Earth space.

They are trying to make weapons of mass destruction:

active processes in the earth's crust (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tectonic shifts);

fury of the water element (floods, tsunamis, storms, mudflows); atmospheric disasters (hurricanes, typhoons, tornadoes, tornadoes, showers);

destructive cosmic radiation that breaks through the ozone layer and burns out biological life on Earth;

the general state of the climate in a certain area (droughts, frosts, soil erosion).

Depending on the environment in which geophysical processes take place, there are types of geospheric weapons:

lithospheric (tectonic) weapons (means of artificial initiation of destructive earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other catastrophic processes in the earth's crust);

hydrospheric weapons (means of influencing the hydrosphere in order to release colossal water energy for destructive purposes);

meteorological (meteorological, weather, tropospheric) weapons (means of direct and indirect active influence on the lower layers of the Earth's atmosphere with the aim of causing damage to the enemy);

ozonospheric (ozone) weapons (means for destroying the protective ozone layer located in the stratosphere at altitudes from 10 to 50 km);

ionospheric and magnetospheric weapons (means of influence for military purposes on the local or global climate of the planet, on technical means and the mental state of people).

Lithospheric or tectonic (seismic, geological) weapons are based on the release of energy from the solid "shell" of our planet - the lithosphere. Its purpose is to artificially cause destructive earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, displacement of lithospheric plates and geological formations at any given point on the planet.

Hydrospheric weapons are based on the use of the colossal energy of the hydrosphere for military purposes. The most powerful damaging factors of these weapons are artificially initiated strong waves (such as tsunamis), underwater turbidity and

mudflows, gas hydrate eruptions and other hydrophysical phenomena. Artificial descent of mountain glaciers and snow avalanches, mudflows, breaking of dams, dams - this is also an arsenal of hydrospheric weapons.

Meteorological weapons are called differently: atmospheric, meteorological, meteospheric, weather. Its essence is the same - in a deliberate impact on the weather formation processes occurring in the lower part of the Earth's gaseous shell - the atmosphere. First of all, meteorological weapons, weather weapons are the most studied type of geophysical weapons today. Sometimes it is called climatic. Unlike climate weapons, weather weapons are much more localized and short-term. His sphere is atmospheric disasters: showers, tornadoes, tornadoes, typhoons. Influencing atmospheric processes, it can, although temporarily, but significantly affect agricultural production, the development of the economic and political situation in the country against which it is applied. The zone of "responsibility" of climate weapons is larger - the general state of the climate in a certain territory, the organization of droughts, prolonged cooling, - long-term and large territories soil erosion.

The next use of meteorological weapons is to change the transparency of the atmosphere in the combat area. By creating poor visibility, you can hide the redeployment of your troops from the enemy. The creation of fog or high clouds over one's positions significantly weakens the capabilities of the enemy's satellite, aviation, and optical reconnaissance. This improves the possibility of sudden strikes, as well as the conditions for covert penetration into the camp of the enemy by their sabotage and reconnaissance groups.

Ozone weapon. The destruction of the ozone layer over its territory can also have a serious and long-term impact on the enemy. Local depletion of the ozonosphere will upset the heat balance in the attacked territory. This is dangerous for areas of unstable, critical agriculture. Any change in temperature

"controlled" by ozone, will lead to disruption of seasonal cycles of vegetation, waterlogging of the area or - to the onset of deserts.

Ionospheric weapons have become the largest in terms of geography of application and global consequences. And the most inhuman in its ruthlessness and cruelty of all that mankind has used in its history. The weapon itself, in the usual sense of the word, begins to disappear - the Earth itself becomes a weapon.

Magnetosphere weapons. Like natural plasmoids in the ionosphere, it is proposed to create "combat plasmoids" in the nodes of the magnetosphere tension, forming in them the so-called "magnetospheric lenses". Thanks to a special “pumping”, it seems possible to significantly increase the directed magnetodynamic stresses in these nodes, to cause “directed magnetic storms” with all the negative consequences, amplified many times over. External (solar and cosmic) energy will begin to whip the breakdown into the “combat plasmoid” formed in place. Neither the ionosphere nor the atmosphere can withstand such a giant flow, and the destructive solar wind will reach the Earth's surface. This will be the "apocalyptic" weapon.

3.2. Means of non-lethal destruction of people25

A non-lethal weapon, or non-lethal weapon, is a weapon that, in normal use, should not cause death or serious injury to those against whom it is directed. The main purpose of using such weapons is to neutralize, not defeat, the enemy; damage to the health and physical condition of people should be minimized.

Weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action, conditionally called in the means mass media"humane", designed to temporarily disable the enemy's manpower, without causing permanent damage to people's health.

This category includes an extensive complex of mechanical, chemical, electrical and light-sound devices used by law enforcement agencies and special services to provide psychophysical, traumatic and restraining effects on the offender, temporarily incapacitate him, as well as army special forces - to capture the enemy alive .

The use of non-lethal weapons is designed to minimize the possibility of unintentional casualties. It is impossible to completely exclude this, but such cases are extremely rare. Most characteristic reasons that can lead to the death of a person when using non-lethal weapons are accidental shots, ricochets, inept handling of weapons and their illegal use, as well as the presence of hidden medical problems in the victim.

Since different parts of the human body differ in their degree of vulnerability, and people themselves differ in physical condition, any weapon that can incapacitate is likely to be capable of becoming a murder weapon under certain circumstances. The use of plastic, rubber bullets and other “non-lethal” ammunition can cause contusions, rib fractures, brain concussion, loss of eyes, superficial damage to various organs and skin, skull damage, ruptures of the heart, kidneys, liver, internal hemorrhages, and even of death.

Traumatic cartridges with rubber or plastic bullets intended for use in police or military firearms.

Traumatic weapon, specially designed for firing traumatic ammunition: for example, the OSA and Makarych pistols.

Water cannons are devices that have a physical impact with jets of water under high pressure. As a rule, they do not cause any serious injuries, but they can cause hypothermia, and at sub-zero temperatures, frostbite, including death. They can be built on the basis of improvised means (in particular, fire hoses). They are one of the most common and popular means of riot control.

Tear gas, "stinky" charge, pepper gas, psychotropic poisonous substances - chemicals that cause irritation of the organs of perception (lacrimation, pain, "ringing in the ears"), respiratory organs (cough, suffocation), skin (burning, inflammation), nervous system and psyche (hallucinations, loss of consciousness, feeling of horror and fear, panic) making it impossible to continue conscious activity in the affected area. Depending on the properties of the mixture, it can be

25 Mukhin V.I. Dept. 31 "Information systems and technologies"

hay to chemical weapons banned by the UN. These weapons can be used remotely, either as special shotgun cartridges or as stand-alone weapons such as the FN 303 (non-lethal self-loading pneumatic weapon developed by Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal; FN 303 charges are destroyed on impact, thus thereby eliminating the risk of penetrating injury).

Sonic weapons - the principle of operation is based on the emission of sound and infrasonic waves of certain frequencies. A representative of this type of weapon can be considered LRAD (Long Range Acoustic Device). Developed by the American company American Technology Corporation for use by the military and police. This sonic cannon is capable of transmitting clear warnings over many hundreds of meters, increasing the volume of the transmitted commands to an unbearable level, and thus influencing the behavior of the crowd, the commands of enemy ships, groups of terrorists in buildings, etc. Also, the so-called . shooting megaphone - outwardly really resembles a megaphone, inside which a person can enter. Powerful pulses with a frequency of 2 to 3 thousand hertz, a power of 150 decibels. A sound of this magnitude could well produce permanent hearing damage. People who are close to this gun lose their temper, fear, dizziness, and nausea appear. At close range - mental disorder destruction of internal organs. Used to disperse the crowd, cause panic in military units, protecting objects from strangers.

A microwave weapon disrupts the functioning of the brain and central nervous system, a person hears non-existent noise and whistle. One of the representatives of this type of weapon - Active Denial System (Active Rejection System) was developed for the American army and is a powerful microwave emitter. The ADS device emits directed energy in the millimeter wave range, which has a short-term shock effect on people at a distance of up to 500 m. affected areas (the so-called "Goodbye effect").

Flash-noise ammunition - made on the basis of burning pyrotechnics.

Thermal gun - in seconds heats the body to a temperature of over 40 degrees Celsius; the person against whom this weapon was used experiences an unbearable burning sensation and a desire to run away

Foam gun - a device that shoots a special fast-hardening and enveloping foam; soldiers quickly lose not only mobility, but also hearing and vision.

Viscous/slippery polymers are substances that during polymerization form a viscous or, conversely, very slippery film on the surface of objects.

Laser - its pulses disorient the enemy and lead to temporary blindness. The use of lasers as a weapon designed to cause permanent blindness is prohibited by the UN.

3.3. Information and psychological weapons26

The essence and content of the concept of "non-traditional means of warfare"

We live in a world of systems - biological, social, physical, cybernetic, organizational, ecological, social, etc.

The central link in any complex system is the control mechanism. Management in human society is understood as a method of influence that encourages people to orderly behavior, to perform the required actions.

actions, to observance (violation) socio-economic laws.

The goal of management is to force an individual, team or society to perform external, i.e. a task or programs set by someone. K. Blakemore in the book "Mechanics of the Mind" wrote that "the dream of every tyrant leader or good prophet (democrat or totalitarian) is to streamline the behavior of his people."

Information management is understood as such management when the control action is informational in nature, i.e. the subject of management is given an information picture, focusing on which, he chooses a line of behavior.

A significant increase in the role of information management is due to the following circumstances:

firstly, the features of the influence of information and control influences on the basis and superstructure of society are studied. The result was the establishment of the possibility of changing the social system not through a change in its basis, but through a superstructure by the forces of the intelligentsia, which commits the so-called “molecular” aggression in the minds of society and destroys its old cultural core.

The essence of the installation is as follows:

information and control impact should not be carried out in the forehead. Not storming the basis of society, but through the superstructure, committing "molecular aggression" in the mind and destroying the "cultural core" of society.

A. Gramsci wrote: “If you confuse people, undermine cultural foundations - take everyone lukewarm, redistribute property and power as you like”;

secondly, have reached high level knowledge about the impact of information on a person and society;

thirdly, there was a need to be able to influence the behavior of the masses. Management of people and society pursues different goals depending on the goals of the ruling elite, on the state of society and the state. The following modes of information management in the state (society) can be distinguished:

purposeful change in the social system;

ensuring survival in critical situations (war, crisis, major natural disaster) and restoring a steady state;

stabilization and correction of the main indicators (parameters) of the life of society in the normal course of events;

transition, rather smooth, to a new state when the possibilities of existence in the previous state are exhausted;

fourthly, the role of technical means in the production and transmission of information has increased.

Modern civilization was created by the printing press, which made information the property of many, and reading a creative process.

RIA Novosti about the creation of weapons operating on the basis of new physical principles.

The representative of the defense industry explained the essence of the new weapon in this way: “The peculiarity of such weapons is that they are able to neutralize enemy equipment without the use of traditional projectiles, but with the help of directed energy, that is, it makes an indirect physical impact on the on-board equipment of aircraft, drones and neutralizes high-precision weapons."

And this is not about research work with vague prospects, but about specific products. They were demonstrated as part of a private display for the Ministry of Defense at the Army-2016 military-technical forum last September.

The next day, the editor-in-chief of the Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine attacked the innovators with sharp criticism. Viktor Murakhovsky, a man of authority in the field of military technology. But the essence of his claims was rather not technical, but terminological. Without denying the possibility of creating such weapons, he stated that these are not new physical principles. There are no new physical principles, and this weapon works on the ancient principle of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space.

Indeed, the already established term “weapon based on new physical principles (ONFP) does not fully reflect reality. It would be more correct to talk about the use of principles that were not previously used in weapons.

However, at the same time, doubt creeps into the soul. Recently, all kinds of psychics, sorcerers, warlocks and other wizards have been trying to oust the authority of the Academy of Sciences from the mass consciousness. And, I must say, not without success. So, maybe they gathered all these heroes of our time in the defense industry complex, and they made a machine that damages enemy military equipment?

However, the OPK spokesman nevertheless spoke about directed energy, and, consequently, the Academy of Sciences in military engineering has a significant priority. The principle, indeed, is well known, still discovered Michael Faraday. But how this energy affects the enemy's technique, not a word was said. On the one hand, secrecy. And this is understandable. But, on the other hand, the creators of domestic means of electronic warfare are much more frank. And this is also a super-weapon that has no analogues in the world.

Modern Russian electronic warfare equipment is based on the use of extremely effective algorithms for studying the electromagnetic radiation of enemy military equipment (radar, communications, computer background) and issuing such an information impact on equipment that literally paralyzes it. At the same time, high power of influence is not required, as the developers of electronic warfare explain, the Russian equipment "only" introduces the necessary distortions into the information circulating in the enemy's networks. But it does not “suppress” it, which would require power, which is achievable only in stationary installations. Such counteraction is called "non-energy interference".

The possibilities of this Russian method were brilliantly demonstrated in the spring of 2014, when a Su-24 bomber with electronic warfare equipment on board in the Black Sea "turned off" all the electronics of the destroyer "Donald Cook". The ship became absolutely "blind" - its means of detecting targets, targeting, communications and navigation failed. But it is on it and on ships of this type that the Aegis information and control system and SM-3 anti-missiles are located, on which the naval component of EuroPRO is based. The Su-24 made 12 combat visits to the destroyer, to which the team was unable to respond. Shortly thereafter, 27 sailors submitted their resignations because, they said, "we don't want to put our lives at risk."

As for the new development of the defense industry, then, based on the scarcity of the information received, the experts immediately began to express a variety of versions.

Chief Editor magazine "National Defense" Vitaly Korotchenko believes that we are talking about “the impact of powerful microwave pulses on enemy targets in order to disable their electronic equipment, which will lead to a complete loss of functionality and the impossibility of their combat use. Such weapons can be used to disable unmanned aerial vehicles directly above the battlefield."

The scope of microwave guns is further expanded by a military political scientist, associate professor Alexander Perendzhiev:“This is a very effective weapon, because it is difficult to defend against it - it is impossible to hide from the wave. By combining methods of remote influence on enemy electronics and electronic warfare methods, it is possible, for example, to jam a tank's automatic loading and make the projectile explode in the turret, destroying combat vehicle". True, for this the tank must be made of plastic, since steel armor does not transmit electromagnetic waves.

Needless to say, this topic is not new. But for some reason, information on such developments does not expand over time, but narrows. The same United Instrument-Making Corporation presented in the press a year and a half ago a mobile microwave gun, which is mounted on a chassis from the Buk air defense system. It is intended to disable the instrumentation of low-flying aircraft and drones, as well as the guidance system for enemy precision weapons. The complex provides 360-degree all-round defense. The range is 10 kilometers.

But these 10 kilometers seem too big, given that the level of the electromagnetic signal drops inversely with the square of the distance from the emitting antenna. It is clear that we can only talk about creating interference, and not about destroying the enemy's electronic equipment.

Similar work was done in the USA at the end of the last century. But the task of the microwave gun, which was called the Active Denial System, was different - to put the enemy to flight. Its range is 500 meters. Tests were carried out on 10 thousand volunteers. When irradiated for 3 seconds, a person experiences acute pain. After another 5 seconds, the pain becomes unbearable, and the person tends to leave the radiation zone. In some cases, minor burns were recorded. That is, there were no health consequences after turning off the signal.

Electromagnetic weapons are not the only ones on the list of weapons that use new physical principles. Intensively, both in Russia and in the United States, work is underway to create a combat laser. There are already certain results, but it is too early to talk about the appearance of a laser in the army.

Punch weapon. It is an accelerator elementary particles, which can be located both on earth and in space. Particles must be accelerated to very high energies in order, according to military engineering theorists, to undermine ammunition and melt nuclear charges in ICBM warheads. However, the creation of such weapons is not a matter of one decade.

And finally, geophysical weapons. Its essence lies in the fact that with the help of powerful influences, for example, nuclear explosions, it is possible to provoke natural disasters - earthquakes, floods, tsunamis. It is known that in the 60s this idea greatly fascinated Khrushchev. And he issued a task to investigate the possibility of creating a giant wave that would bring devastation on the east coast of the United States. Experiments were conducted in which huge amounts of conventional explosives were used. However, the conclusion of the researchers greatly upset Nikita Sergeevich.

Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service I. ANUREYEV, Professor, Doctor of Military Sciences

Scientific and technological progress has always had a decisive influence on the methods of warfare and its nature. But this role of his has never manifested itself so quickly, so comprehensively and with such consequences as in our days. Scientific achievements and discoveries have led to the creation of such powerful means of warfare that have changed the views that existed for a long time on the role of various types of armed forces in war, forced to reconsider the basic provisions of tactics, operational art and strategy.

What scientific achievements of our time have had such a decisive impact on military affairs? These should primarily include the discovery of ways to use nuclear energy, the development of rocket technology, mathematics and computer technology, radio electronics, automation, chemistry, metallurgy, and instrumentation. A special place belongs to physics, which must also be included in this list. Not to mention the fact that military affairs owe it to the appearance nuclear weapons, the creation of all types of military equipment and weapons without exception is based on the use of various physical laws.

As is known, physics studies the most general forms of motion of matter - mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and others, and their mutual transformations. At present, this science includes sections: mechanics, molecular physics, the doctrine of oscillations and waves, the doctrine of electricity, the theory of the electromagnetic field, optics, nuclear physics. The boundaries between physics and some other natural sciences are not sharply delineated. Recently, vast border areas have appeared between physics and chemistry, astronomy, earth science and other areas of knowledge.

The successes of physics and chemistry, along with the successes of other natural sciences, had an exceptionally great influence on the development of the materialistic worldview. Dialectical materialism made the widest possible use of physical discoveries to substantiate its propositions.

The impetus for the development of physics, like all other sciences, was the requirements of practice that arose in the process historical development social formations. Major discoveries of the late 17th and early 18th centuries were made under the influence of developing technology and military science.

The founder of Russian physics and chemistry M. V. Lomonosov closely combined scientific work with the requirements of practice. His numerous and varied researches on optics, electricity, meteorology, on the nature of liquid and solid bodies were most closely connected with practical needs. Many examples from the history of the development of physics show that often very abstract (abstract), at first glance, physical discoveries eventually found the most diverse application in technology and military affairs.

The discovery in 1831 by Faraday of electromagnetic induction created the conditions for widespread use in technology and in military affairs of electrical phenomena. Various electrical machines, means of control, control, measurements appeared, which had a revolutionary effect on technology in general and military equipment in particular.

The periodic law of D. I. Mendeleev not only played an outstanding role in the development of the theory of the atom and the nature of chemical phenomena, but also became a guide in solving a huge number of practical problems in chemistry and physics. On the basis of this law and the subsequent successes of physics, it was possible to discover elements capable of participating in fission and fusion (compound) reactions, which subsequently led to the creation of the most powerful weapon of destruction - nuclear weapons.

In the second half of the last century, the English scientist Maxwell created a general theory of the electromagnetic field. Based on this theory, he came to the conclusion about the possibility of propagation of electromagnetic energy in the form of waves. Maxwell's discovery was used by A. S. Popov to create a radiotelegraph. This outstanding invention of the Russian scientist led to an exceptionally powerful development of troop communications, the creation of various radio engineering systems, to the emergence of radar - the technical basis of the radio engineering troops. air defense. On account of radio engineering, there are many other military means that the army and navy are equipped with.

The studies of the Russian scientist A. G. Stoletov on active electrical phenomena played a large role in the study of the photoelectric effect (a physical phenomenon consisting in the fact that when visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, X-rays, and gamma rays act on a substance, its electrical properties change ). The photoelectric effect is widely used in modern technology(television, automation, sound film, etc.). Television devices and systems have found the widest application in military affairs. They are used in control systems of various combat means, serve as information sensors, and are used to communicate space objects with the Earth.

Critical importance for military affairs, it also has such a branch of physics as optics. It arose as a doctrine of light in connection with the study of a person's ability to see the surrounding space. Subsequently, physics expanded the field of study, and the word "light" began to be used to denote an objective phenomenon occurring outside of us, which, acting on the eye, causes a subjective visual sensation. At present, physics speaks of "light" as a wide set of objective phenomena that are uniform in nature and are reduced to the propagation of short electromagnetic waves. Thus, the electromagnetic theory of light was born. She showed the unity of light and electromagnetic phenomena and gave a new proof of the basic position of dialectical materialism about the deep interconnection of all natural phenomena.

Soviet physicists have played an important role in the development of modern optics. A. F. Ioffe and N. I. Dobronravov made a number of experiments on the elementary photoelectric effect and obtained important results confirming the law that light energy is absorbed in separate portions, the magnitude of which is proportional to the frequency of light vibrations. S. I. Vavilov developed a method that makes it possible to visually detect changes in weak light fluxes due to their discontinuous structure. D. S. Rozhdestvenskii developed the theory of spectra with his work on anomalous dispersion and on the theory of atoms.

On the basis of the achievements of science, a powerful optical industry arose. The subtlest optical phenomena studied in physics have found the widest application in technology and military affairs. These are various guidance and control systems, control and measurement devices, elements of automatic systems and much more. The scope of the achievements of optics is expanding every day.

But, of course, the development of nuclear physics was of particular importance for military affairs. The discovery of methods for the combat use of nuclear energy was the result of a long study of the objective properties of the nature around us, a generalization of numerous newly established facts. It became possible thanks to the achievements of modern physics, as a result of which the doctrine of the structure of the atom, radioactivity and isotopes, and artificial fission of nuclei was developed.

Let's take this example. The elementary particles that make up the nucleus of an atom move at high speeds. For example, the speed of alpha particles is 20,000 km/sec, and their kinetic energy is 200 million times greater than the energy of a gas molecule at room temperature. It is impossible to study the motion of particles with such velocities comparable to the speed of light by methods of classical mechanics. For these cases, the provisions of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are applicable.

The most important law of the theory of relativity is the law of the relationship between mass and energy. Its essence is as follows: the internal energy of the body is equal to the rest mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light. Prior to the establishment of this law, it was possible to use only an insignificant fraction of internal energy (thermal energy, energy chemical reactions). Achievements in the field of nuclear physics, the development of quantum mechanics (the science of the laws of motion of elementary particles) made it possible to discover and extract atomic energy. People have an almost inexhaustible supply of energy. As is known, imperialism used this outstanding achievement of physics primarily for military purposes, which forced Soviet Union create atomic weapons. Thus, atomic bombs based on the fission reaction of heavy nuclei of uranium-235, uranium-233 and plutonium-239 appeared in the arsenal of modern armed forces.

Following the fission reaction, a reaction was obtained for the synthesis of hydrogen isotopes - deuterium and tritium with the transformation of their nuclei into heavy helium nuclei. These reactions can take place at very high temperatures ah, about 10-15 million degrees. Similar temperatures occur during nuclear processes on the Sun and stars, which release huge thermal energy. On Earth, thermonuclear reactions are still carried out at the time of the explosion of thermonuclear bombs. Thus, another outstanding discovery of physics led to the creation of an even more powerful weapon of mass destruction - thermonuclear weapons. In our country, the most powerful thermonuclear bombs with a TNT equivalent of 50 and even 100 mgt have been created. They have colossal destructive power and can cause severe radioactive contamination over vast areas.

During the Second World War, the most common large-scale ammunition was high-explosive aerial bombs, which were equipped with about 0.5 tons of explosive - TNT. If 200 million of these bombs were placed in one place and exploded, the shock wave would be the same as the explosion of one modern thermonuclear bomb of 100 megatons. However, it must be borne in mind that in this case new powerful damage factors appear - penetrating radiation and radioactive contamination of the area. The explosion of one medium-sized thermonuclear bomb in a large industrial area with a high population density can lead, as noted in the press, to the death of 1.5 million people. Subsequently, another 0.5 million people may die from the harmful effects of radioactive contamination.

Calculations have been cited in the foreign press showing that, for example, eight thermonuclear bombs with a yield of 3-5 megatons are enough to disable West Germany.

And here is what the American scientist Pauling writes: “In total, about a billion people live in areas that are likely to be hit by strong nuclear strikes. Within 60 days of the atomic strike

500-750 million people may die.” It is difficult to say what guided Pauling in his calculations. But if he is at least half right, then this also speaks of the enormous destructive power of thermonuclear weapons.

Modern armies are now also armed with small-caliber nuclear weapons, which are fundamentally changing the nature of combat. Our army now has a large assortment of nuclear weapons. The need for such a weapon is dictated by the following circumstances. It is difficult to use high-yield nuclear charges on the battlefield. They strike large areas, and it is impossible to use them in direct contact with the enemy without the risk of hitting friendly troops.

As noted in the foreign press, nuclear charges of 100 tons or less were tested in the United States. The action of such a charge is 200 times weaker than the explosion of the bomb dropped by the Americans in 1945 over Hiroshima.

What do small-caliber nuclear weapons give tactically? The shock wave of their explosion at a small distance causes only moderate destruction of brick buildings. Light radiation can cause second-degree burns, and penetrating radiation, although it leads to radiation sickness, is not in a dangerous form.

Small-caliber nuclear munitions can be used even when friendly troops are in direct contact with the enemy. They are capable of destroying or reliably suppressing anti-tank strongholds and artillery firing positions. As a result of such strikes, gaps are formed in the enemy's defenses, which can be used by the attackers to dismember the enemy's battle formations and infiltrate into his rear. The battle takes on an exceptionally maneuverable, fleeting character.

Achievements in nuclear physics made it possible to carry out a controlled nuclear reaction. On its basis, various atomic power plants. The military use of controlled nuclear reactions led primarily to the creation of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines with nuclear weapons. The use of nuclear power plants on foreign boats made it possible, as noted, to increase the speed of the underwater course to 50 km / h. It is not needed for the operation of nuclear power plants atmospheric air, therefore, with their appearance, submarines became submarines in the full sense of the word. They may not float to the surface for a long time.

In the future, according to foreign experts, we should expect the use of nuclear engines on missiles, which will dramatically improve their tactical and technical properties. Nuclear power plants and nuclear sources power supply for spacecraft for various purposes.

Nuclear weapons have acquired strategic importance thanks to the creation of perfect carriers of them - missiles. Modern ballistic and global missiles are capable of delivering powerful nuclear weapons to any area the globe. To cover a distance of, say, 10 thousand km, an intercontinental ballistic missile needs only 25-30 minutes. It is hardly possible to hide from her blow. And the Soviet global missiles completely crossed out the concept of geographical invulnerability. Their blow is inevitable. The combination of nuclear weapons and missiles determined the nature of the future war as a nuclear missile war on an intercontinental scale.

The most important discoveries and achievements of physics used in the creation of modern rocket technology include the deep development of aerodynamics, gas dynamics and rocket dynamics. At present, these scientific directions are already independent, extremely complex and voluminous sciences with many branches. But fundamentally, they all belong to the physical sciences, their foundations are laid in mechanics, a branch of physics that studies the simplest of all forms of motion - mechanical motion.

Without the development of aerodynamics, the creation of modern combat aircraft and cruise missiles would be unthinkable. The development of jet aviation became possible due to the emergence of gas dynamics, the basis of high-speed aerodynamics and the theory of jet engines. Its founder is the outstanding Russian scientist Academician S. A. Chaplygin. Back in 1902, he established the basic dependences for the movement of gases with high subsonic and supersonic velocities. The results of the achievements of gas dynamics have found practical application in the creation of modern jet aviation and rocket technology.

The flight speeds of modern military aircraft are now 2-3 times the speed of sound propagation. But, as it turned out, this is not the limit. A further increase in flight speed caused the emergence of a new branch of aerodynamics - hypersonic aerodynamics. This science will make it possible to study in detail the motion of gas at high supersonic speeds. The military use of hypersonic aerodynamics is likely to lead to the creation of new aircraft. According to foreign opinions, they can be new perfect carriers of nuclear weapons, as well as powerful means of anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense.

Flights of ballistic missiles and spacecraft at altitudes of 100–150 nm in a highly rarefied atmosphere required a thorough study of the laws of motion of aircraft in conditions where gas molecules have a long mean free path, hundreds of meters and even several kilometers. It is no coincidence that experimental and theoretical aerodynamics of highly rarefied gases is rapidly developing at the present time. It allows you to calculate the motion parameters of ballistic missiles during their movement at the end of the active part of the trajectory and during entry into the atmosphere, to study the laws of motion of orbital aircraft, and helps to more accurately determine the lifetime of spacecraft in orbit.

When rockets and other aircraft move at high speeds in the atmosphere, even rarefied, extremely high temperatures occur, which lead to strong heating of the walls of the apparatus. The problem of "kinetic" heating is very acute in aviation and rocket technology. It is necessary to find new materials and coatings that can withstand high temperatures. The study of the movement of bodies at very high heating temperatures showed that in the so-called boundary layer (a thin layer of air near the walls of the aircraft) electromagnetic phenomena occur, which must also be taken into account. The study of electromagnetic phenomena in the boundary layer is carried out by a new branch of aerodynamics - magnetohydrodynamics.

And finally, about rocket dynamics. Its foundations were created by the outstanding Russian scientist K. E. Tsiolkovsky. In his famous work “Investigation of world spaces with rocket instruments” (1903), the great scientist established the basic laws of rocket motion and derived his famous formula for calculating the speed of a multi-stage rocket. This is currently a "desktop" formula for any rocket scientist. As a result of the development of aerodynamics, rocket dynamics and other areas of physics, the use of the achievements of chemistry, radio electronics, metallurgy, instrument making, it became possible to create models of military rocket technology. It is currently the most important weapon system.

This type of weapon is characterized by high combat effectiveness over the entire range of ranges, from several tens to several hundred kilometers. Operational-tactical missiles are reliable in operation and do not require much time to prepare for launch. They can also carry nuclear weapons. This opens up wide opportunities for destroying any enemy targets on the battlefield with nuclear strikes. The accuracy of missile guidance today is such that a missile, having flown over 12,000 km, deviates from a given point by no more than one kilometer.

In recent years, physics has also achieved a lot in the field of the theory of electricity and magnetism, the theory of the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic waves, and other sections. This led to the emergence of such independent sciences as, for example, radiophysics and electronics. They have become the basis of modern achievements in the field of radio electronics, telemechanics, automation, computer technology, without which the development and use of modern military equipment is unthinkable.

Outstanding scientific achievement remarkable Russian scientist A. S. Popov, who discovered the principle of radio communication and the phenomenon of reflection of electromagnetic waves, the subsequent discoveries of physicists in the field of radar and radio physics of ultrashort waves led to the rapid introduction of various radio engineering and radio electronic systems in the army. They now form the basis of communication systems, night vision equipment, detection of aircraft and missiles in flight, control of the flight of cruise and ballistic missiles, and are used to interfere with enemy radio control equipment.

Radar has gained particular importance in military affairs. It has become the most important tool in creating an effective anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense. Modern radars, as noted in the foreign press, are able to find a target (aircraft, missile) at a distance of 5000 km or more.

Great opportunities are opening up thanks to advances in solid state and semiconductor physics. Equipment for communication, radar, guidance becomes more reliable in operation, compact in size. Electronic devices based on semiconductors are not afraid of shocks, shaking and can last 5-10 times longer than conventional radio tubes. The equipment becomes more convenient and miniature. Already, compact semiconductor radars have appeared in the arsenal of the armies, easily carried by one or two soldiers. There are separate types of radios that can be placed in a helmet.

However, this is not all. Achievements in molecular electronics make it possible to create equipment of truly microscopic dimensions. It can be collected on special very thin films or on so-called solid circuits. They are called solid because the entire circuit of the device is hidden inside a solid substance - a crystal.

A few words about another new direction in physics - quantum radiophysics. Her successes open up ways to obtain high-intensity electromagnetic oscillations in narrow beams. Such devices in foreign literature called lasers. According to the American press, with the help of lasers, it was possible to obtain a power of the order of 1-3 million watts in a pulse. It is estimated that laser radio stations will be capable of simultaneously transmitting thousands of television programs and telephone conversations. Some foreign experts are trying to use quantum generators to create a new type of weapon - beam, which is supposedly capable of destroying manpower and equipment.

We have examined the main directions in which physics - a science that is truly limitless in its possibilities - influences modern military affairs. As you can see, this influence is huge, and, undoubtedly, it will continuously increase. The same is true of other areas of modern science. It obliges Soviet soldiers comprehensively study not only the type of technology that they are entrusted with, but also master the basics of all scientific and technical knowledge related to progress in military affairs. Broad knowledge will help the soldiers to better understand their role and place as armed defenders of the motherland, to carry out tasks related to the further strengthening of the defense might of our country with great effect.

The use of non-lethal (non-lethal) weapons as a way to minimize the possibility of unintentional casualties. The principle of operation of different types of weapons: psychological, sound, laser, information, traumatic and microwave weapons.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

WEAPONS ON NEW PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES (NON-TRADITIONAL WEAPONS)

weapon psychological information

Weapons based on new physical principles(unconventional weapon) - new types of weapons, the damaging effect of which is based on processes and phenomena not previously used in weapons. By the end of the 20th century genetic weapons, geophysical, infrasonic, climatic, laser, ozone, radiological, microwave, accelerating, electromagnetic weapons, etc. were at various stages of research and development.

Weapons of non-lethal (non-lethal) action(HE'S D)- this is a weapon designed to temporarily disable the enemy's manpower, without causing permanent damage to people's health.

This is an extensive complex of mechanical, chemical, electrical and light-sound devices used to provide a psychophysical, traumatic and deterrent effect on the offender, temporarily disable him, and capture the enemy alive.

As a rule, special equipment is used law enforcement to detain offenders, suppress active resistance on their part, release hostages, suppress and eliminate group hooligan manifestations and mass riots.

The use of non-lethal weapons is intended to minimize the possibility of unintended casualties.

Psychologicalweapon- devices, psychological methods and preparations, the purpose of which is to lower the self-esteem of the opponent, to make him insecure or to force him to perform any purposeful act against the will of the victim, to keep groups of people under his control:

Sudden onset of hard-to-control states: anger, fear, sexual arousal, euphoria;

Short-term exacerbations of smell, hearing, etc.;

dizziness, muscle cramps;

chronic diseases;

The appearance of "burns" and wounds;

Aggression, adultery, homosexuality, suicide, etc. imposed, previously not characteristic of the victim.

Repeated failure of nearby devices, accidents, etc.

sonic weapons - the principle of operation is based on the radiation of sound and infrasonic waves of certain frequencies.

LRAD (Long Range Acoustic Device)- is capable of transmitting clear warnings for many hundreds of meters, increasing the volume of transmitted commands to unbearable, and thus influencing the behavior of the crowd, the commands of enemy ships, groups of terrorists in buildings, etc.

WITH booming megaphone- emits powerful impulses with a frequency of 2 to 3 thousand hertz, a power of 150 decibels, which can lead to permanent damage to the hearing organs, loss of self-control; there is fear, dizziness, nausea. Those at close range - a mental disorder, the destruction of internal organs. They are used to disperse the crowd, cause panic in military units, protect objects from strangers.

microwave weapons disrupts the functioning of the brain and central nervous system, a person hears non-existent noise and whistle.

Non-lethal laser weapons. The action of these devices is achieved by a red or green laser beam directed at the intruder, causing temporary blindness and psychological impact, leading to the inability of a person to perform coordinated (conscious) actions, thereby reducing the combat capability of the intruder and preventing him from moving forward. The bright laser light creates the effect of a light curtain preventing aimed shooting, observation through optical devices.

Information weapon- this is an arsenal of means of unauthorized access to information and disabling electronic control systems.

AI differs from conventional weapons secrecy, scale,versatility. The main objects of application of IO are:

- computer and communication systems used government organizations in the performance of their managerial functions;

- military information infrastructure;

- information and management structures of banks, transport and industrial enterprises;

- mass media.

An information “attack” threatens to disable all electronic control systems of the country, its armed forces, state infrastructure, etc. The transport and energy (including nuclear) systems will collapse. The army and navy will be helpless in repelling aggression. The leaders of the country will not be able to receive the necessary information, make and implement any decisions. The use of such weapons in their catastrophic consequences is quite comparable with the use of weapons of mass destruction

precision weapons- this is a weapon, usually controlled, capable of hitting a target with the first shot (launch) at any range within its reach.

Allows you to inflict exceptionally accurate strikes on attacked objects (up to hitting the required window of a given structure).

Precision weapons include various ground, aviation and ship-based missile systems, guided bomber and artillery systems, and reconnaissance and strike systems. From firearms - certain types rifles.

Accelerator (beam) weapon is based on the use of narrow beams of charged or neutral particles generated by various types accelerators.

It affects various objects and humans with radiation (ionizing) and thermomechanical effects. Beam tools can destroy the shells of aircraft hulls, hit ballistic missiles and space objects by disabling on-board electronic equipment.

Work on accelerating weapons based on charged particle (electron) beams is being carried out in the interests of creating air defense systems for ships, as well as for mobile tactical land installations.

Other OND.

Traumatic weapon of self-defense, in particular, the OSA and Makarych pistols.

Water cannons - devices that have a physical impact with jets of water under high pressure. Able to cause hypothermia, incl. with a lethal outcome.

Tear gas - chemicals that cause irritation of the organs of perception (lacrimation, pain, "ringing in the ears"), respiratory organs (cough, suffocation), skin (burning, inflammation), nervous system and psyche (hallucinations, loss of consciousness, a sense of horror and fear, panic) making it impossible to continue conscious activity in the affected area.

Flashbang grenades - made on the basis of burning pyrotechnics and creating a low-temperature gas plasma, when using them, a person goes blind for 30 seconds and loses his hearing for 5 hours.

thermal gun - in seconds warms up the body to a temperature of over 40 degrees Celsius; the person against whom this weapon was used experiences an unbearable burning sensation and a desire to run away.

foam gun - a device that shoots with a special quick-hardening and enveloping foam; soldiers quickly lose not only mobility, but also hearing and vision.

Viscous / slippery polymers - substances that, during polymerization, form a viscous or, conversely, a very slippery film on the surface of objects.

Weapon genetic - a type of weapon capable of damaging the genetic (hereditary) apparatus of people. The active principle may be some viruses that have mutagenic activity (the ability to cause hereditary changes), which penetrate the cell chromosome, as well as chemical mutagens. Such exposure can lead to severe diseases and their hereditary transmission.

Hosted on Allbest.ru

Similar Documents

Classification of weapons: traumatic, sonic, electroshock, microwave weapons, special non-lethal weapons. The principle of operation of the weapon and its effectiveness of impact on the object. Long range acoustic crowd control device.

abstract, added 07/13/2009


Prerequisites for the creation and use of new types of weapons. Conceptual approaches to the problem of developing "climatic weapons" as a variety of weapons of mass destruction. The global environmental crisis and its consequences: climate change and more.

thesis, added 06/28/2017


Fundamentals of the damaging effect of bacteriological weapons. Principles of eliminating the consequences of a bacteriological attack. Symptoms and manifestations of plague, anthrax, cholera, epidemic typhus. The specifics of the action of bacteriological weapons.

presentation, added 12/06/2016


The study of weapons of mass destruction, the action of which is based on the toxic properties of poisonous chemicals. Descriptions of its effects on humans and military equipment. Analysis of the means of individual, medical protection of the population from chemical weapons.

presentation, added 05/11/2011


The origins of the evolution of weapons. The evolution of the armament of peoples and states. The era of edged weapons. Age of firearms. The era of nuclear weapons. Anthropology of war. Identification of the sources and preconditions of militancy of people.

abstract, added 05/22/2007


Description of a nuclear weapon as an explosive device in which the source of energy is a nuclear reaction. The history of its development and varieties, schemes and principle of operation. Damage characteristics. Description of bombs of various operating principles.

presentation, added 03/08/2012


A nuclear weapon is an explosive device in which the source of energy is a nuclear reaction, its difference from thermonuclear weapons. Belonging of nuclear weapons to weapons of mass destruction. The formation of an atomic mushroom, the damaging factors of the explosion.

presentation, added 02/25/2011


The role of nuclear weapons in Russia's security. History of the development of nuclear and neutron weapons in the United States. The first explosion of the neutron charger. Creation of a nuclear weapon of the third generation - Super-EMP with enhanced output of electromagnetic radiation.

abstract, added 04/03/2011


Conventional weapons. The damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. Chemical, biological, geophysical weapons. Use of the pathogenic properties of microbes and toxic products of their vital activity. Types of weapons based on new physical principles.

presentation, added 04/24/2014


Electromagnetic mass accelerators. Descriptions of radio frequency weapons, the action of which is based on the use of electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh or very low frequency. Study of the tactics of using electromagnetic weapons and protection against them.

In recent decades, when developing the concept of modern wars, in the countries of the NATO bloc, everything greater value is given to the creation of fundamentally new types of weapons. His hallmark is a damaging effect on people, which, as a rule, does not lead to death of the affected.

This type includes weapons that are capable of neutralizing or depriving the enemy of the opportunity to conduct active fighting without significant irretrievable losses of manpower and destruction of material values.

Possible weapons based on new physical principles (ONFP), primarily non-lethal, include:

1) geophysical (meteorological, ozone, climatic);

2) radiological;

3) radio frequency;

4) laser;

5) infrasonic;

6) genetic;

7)) ethnic;

8) beam;

9 antimatter;

10) paranormal phenomena;

11) acoustic;

12) electromagnetic;

13) information and psychological;

14) thermal.

1. A serious danger to the manpower of the battlefield may arise in connection with the creation "geophysical weapon" . Its functions are based on the use of the mechanism impact on the processes occurring in the solid, liquid and gaseous shells of the Earth. In this case, the state of unstable equilibrium is of particular interest.

The operation of this weapon is supposed to be based on means that cause natural disasters (earthquakes, rainstorms, tsunamis, etc.), the destruction of the ozone layer of the atmosphere, which protects animals and vegetable world from the harmful rays of the sun. Of particular importance for the use of such means is the atmospheric layer at an altitude of 10 to 60 kilometers.

According to the nature of the impact, geophysical weapons are sometimes divided into:

a) meteorological

b) ozone,

c) climatic.

The most studied and tested in practice action meteorological weapon is provoking downpours in certain areas. For this, in particular, the scattering of dry ice granules, silver iodide or barium iodide, and lead in rain clouds was used. A cloud of several thousand cubic kilometers in size, carrying energy reserves of the order of a million kilowatt-hours, is usually in an unstable state, and it is enough to scatter about 1 kilogram of silver iodide over it to drastically change its state and provoke a shower. Multiple aircraft, by using hundreds kilograms of specially selected reagents able to disperse clouds over an area of ​​several thousand square kilometers and cause heavy rainfall and floods in some regions, but at the same time create “flying” weather in others.

The results of artificial stimulation of heavy rains, which were undertaken by the United States during the Vietnam War, and also, apparently, with the help of which weather conditions were created during the war in Yugoslavia in 1999, are known.

climate weapon considered as a kind of geophysical, since climate change occurs as a result of interference with atmospheric processes of weather formation.

aim a long-term (say, ten years) use of these weapons may be a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural production of a potential enemy, a deterioration in the food supply to the population of a given region. Catastrophic consequences for the state can cause a decrease of only 1 degree average annual temperature in the area of ​​latitudes where the bulk of the grain is produced. As a result, political and even strategic goals can be achieved without starting a war in its traditional sense.

At the same time, the use of climate weapons in one area of ​​the world can really destroy the planet's remaining climate balance and cause significant damage to many other "uninvolved" areas, including the country that uses these weapons.

Ozone weapon associated with the use of means and methods for artificial destruction of the ozone layer over selected areas of enemy territory. The artificial formation of such "windows" will create conditions for the penetration of hard water to the surface of the earth. ultraviolet radiation Sun with a wavelength of about 0.3 micrometers. It has a detrimental effect on the cells of living organisms, cellular structures and the mechanism of heredity. Skin burns are caused, the number of cancer diseases increases sharply. It is believed that the first noticeable result of the impact will be a decrease in the productivity of animals and agricultural plants. Violation of the processes occurring in the ozonosphere may also affect thermal balance these areas and the weather. A decrease in ozone will lead to a decrease average temperature and to an increase in humidity, which is especially dangerous for areas of unstable, critical agriculture. In this area, the ozone weapon merges with the climatic one.

2. The destructive effect of radiological weapons based on the use radioactive substances. It can be pre-cooked powder mixtures or liquid solutions substances containing radioactive isotopes chemical elements with specially selected radiation intensity and half-life. Main source production of radioactive substances can serve waste generated during the operation of nuclear reactors. They can also be obtained by irradiating pre-prepared substances in them. However, the operation of such weapons is complicated by a significant radioactive background, which creates the danger of exposure of service personnel. Other likely a variant of radiological weapons is the use of radioactive substances, formed directly at the moment of the explosion of a thermonuclear charge. The American project was based on this principle. "cobalt bomb". To do this, it was supposed to create a shell of natural cobalt around the thermonuclear charge. As a result of its irradiation with fast neutrons, the cobalt-60 isotope is formed, which has a high intensity of y-radiation with a half-life - 5.7 years. The radiation intensity of this isotope is higher than that of radium. Falling out after an explosion on the ground, it creates strong radioactive radiation.

3. At the heart of the damaging effect RF weapons located exposure of the human body to electromagnetic (radiation) radiation. Studies have shown that even with sufficiently low intensity irradiation, various disturbances and changes occur in it. In particular, the detrimental effect of radiofrequency radiation on the disruption of the rhythm of the heart, up to its stop, has been established. There were two types of impact: thermal and non-thermal. thermal exposure causes overheating of tissues and organs and with a sufficiently long radiation causes pathological changes in them. Non-thermal exposure mainly leads to functional disorders in various organs of the human body, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. A similar thing happened in Russia in June 1997 at the federal nuclear center Arzamas-16 (Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region), where there was a strong release of neutron radiation. As this case showed, the most powerful ionization was caused on the critical assembly, which led to the death of the operator.

4. Laser weapons is a powerful emitter of electromagnetic energy in the optical range - quantum generators. Striking d e The action of the laser beam is achieved as a result of heating materials to high temperatures, the object causing them to melt or even evaporate, damaging the sensitive elements of weapons,

blinding the organs of vision of a person and inflicting thermal burns on him skin. The action of laser radiation is characterized by suddenness, secrecy, high accuracy, straightness of propagation and practical instantaneous action. It is possible to create laser combat systems for various purposes, ground, sea, air and space-based, with different power, range, rate of fire, ammunition. The objects of destruction of such complexes can be the manpower of the enemy, his optical systems, aircraft and rockets of various types.

5. Infrasonic weapons is based on the use of sound waves with a frequency of several hertz, which can have a strong effect on human body. Infrasonic vibrations that are below the level of perception of the human ear can cause a state of anxiety, despair and even horror.

According to some experts, the impact of infrasonic radiation on people leads to epilepsy, and with a significant radiation power, death can be achieved. Death can occur as a result of a sharp violation of body functions, damage to the cardiovascular system, destruction of blood vessels and internal organs. By selecting a certain frequency of radiation, it is possible, for example, to provoke massive manifestations of myocardial infarction in the personnel of the troops and the population of the enemy. The ability of infrasonic vibrations to penetrate concrete and metal barriers should be taken into account, which undoubtedly increases the interest of military specialists in these weapons.

6. Genetic weapons.

The development of molecular genetics has led to the possibility of creating a genetic weapon based on the implementation of DNA recombination (deoxyribonucleic acid) - carrier of genetic information. With the help of genetic engineering methods, it was possible to carry out the separation of genes and their recombination with the formation of recombinant molecules. DNA. Based on these methods, it is possible carry out gene transfer with the help of microorganisms ensure the production of potent toxins of human, animal or plant origin. By combining bacteriological and toxic agents, it is possible to create biological weapons with a modified genetic apparatus. By introducing genetic material with pronounced toxic properties into virulent bacteria or viruses, one can obtain bacteriological weapon capable of causing death in a short time.

7. The study of the natural and genetic differences between people, their fine biochemical structure showed the possibility of creating the so-called ethnic weapons. Such a weapon in the near future will be able to affect one ethnic group of the population and be neutral towards others. This selectivity will be based on differences in blood groups, skin pigmentation, genetic structure. Research in the field of ethnic weapons can be aimed at identifying the genetic vulnerability of individual ethnic groups, and at the development of special agents designed to effectively use this ability. According to the calculations of one of the leading American physicians, R. Hamerschlag, ethnic weapons can defeat 25 - 30% of the population of the country that was attacked. Recall that such population losses in a nuclear war are considered "unacceptable", in which the country is defeated.

8. The damaging factor of beam weapons is pointed beam, charged or neutral high-energy particles - electrons, protons, neutral hydrogen atoms. The powerful flow of energy carried by the particles can create targets in the material - intense thermal impact, shock mechanical loads, destroy molecular structure human body, initiate X-ray emission. The use of beam weapons is distinguished by the instantaneous and suddenness of the damaging effect. The limiting factor in the range of this weapon is the particles of gases in the atmosphere, with atoms of which the accelerated particles interact. The most probable objects of destruction may be manpower, electronic equipment, various systems of military equipment, ballistic and cruise missiles, and spacecraft.

9. Theoretical studies in the field of nuclear physics have shown the fundamental possibility of the existence antimatter. Existence antiparticles (like positrons) has been proven experimentally. When interacting particles and antiparticles significant energy is released in the form of photons. According to calculations, the interaction of 1 milligram of antiparticles with matter releases energy equivalent to the explosion of several tens of tons of trinitrotoluene. At present, the process of not only obtaining, but also preserving antiparticles is very complicated, and the creation of weapons of mass destruction based on antimatter in the foreseeable future is unlikely.

10. In recent years, there has been a wide interest in research in the field of bioenergy, associated with the so-called human paranormal abilities. Work is underway to create various technical devices based on the energy of the biofield, i.e. specific field that exists around

living organism. Research on the possibility of creating psychotropic weapons on this basis is being carried out in several areas:

1) extrasensory perception - the perception of the properties of objects, their state, sounds, smells, thoughts of people without contact with them and without the use of ordinary sense organs;

2) telepathy - transmission of thoughts at a distance;

3) clairvoyance (far-sightedness) - observation of an object (target) that is outside the limits of visual communication;

4) mental influence causing their movement or destruction;

5) telekinesis - mental movement of a person whose body remains at rest.

11. In non-contact wars, weapons based on new physical principles can be used. - acoustic weapons. In this type of damaging effect, it is likely that the energy of acoustic radiation of a certain frequency will be used. Most likely, it can be used if it is necessary to simultaneously incapacitate the service personnel of a specific military or economic facility. The carriers of such weapons can be ground, sea, air and space precision weapons. These weapons can be delivered in the required quantities by high-precision cruise and ballistic missiles and dropped by parachute to the ground in the area of ​​objects or penetrate inside the objects to be destroyed. Such a defeat can cause demoralization and even death of all living things, disrupt or disable those radio-electronic means that work on the principle of receiving and converting acoustic waves, destroy individual elements of certain types of weapons, military equipment and objects.

12. ONPP will receive significant development electromagnetic damage.

It will be a type of damaging effect on objects, targets due to the energy of electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths and power levels generated by radio frequency and laser weapons, electronic countermeasures (REW) using a conventional or high-altitude nuclear explosion. Pulse flows of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation of microsecond duration and with an energy density of the order of several tens of joules per square meter can cause functional damage to electronics. Such a weapon, depending on the radiation power, will be capable of:

▪suppress almost all classical radio-electronic means (RES) operating on the principle of receiving and converting electromagnetic waves;

▪cause melting or evaporation of metal in printed circuit boards of electronics, weapons and military equipment or cause structural changes in electronic components of military equipment;

▪influence human behavior;

▪destroy living cells, disrupt biological and physiological processes in the functions of living organisms.

The carriers of such weapons can be, as already mentioned, special ground, sea, air, and subsequently space-based cruise missiles used along extremely low flight paths, and numerous long-range unmanned vehicles.

13. Rapid development mass media, especially electronic ones, also creates objective prerequisites for their use for military purposes. It can be predicted that in the future the battlefield will increasingly move into the area of ​​intellectual influence on the consciousness and feelings of millions of people. By placing space relays in near-Earth orbits, an aggressor country will be able to develop and, under certain conditions, implement an information war scenario against a particular state, trying to blow it up from within. Provocative programs will not be designed for the mind, but, above all, for the emotions of people, on their sensual sphere, which is much more effective, especially given the low political culture of the population, poor awareness and unpreparedness for such a war. Dosed presentation of ideologically and psychologically processed provocative material, skillful alternation of true and false information, skillful montage of details of various fictitious explosive situations can turn into powerful tool psychological attack. It can be especially effective against a country in which there is social tension, interethnic, religious or class conflicts. Carefully selected information, falling on such fertile soil, maybe in short term cause panic, riots, pogroms destabilize the political situation in the country. Thus, it is possible to force the enemy to capitulate without the use of traditional weapons.

14. Thermal (thermal) injury - it's been a long time known species damaging effects on objects, targets with the help of weapons that use thermal energy and, above all, open fire. Having a physico-chemical nature, thermal damage is an integral part of both physical and chemical types of damage, and it will certainly remain in armed struggle future. The carriers of such weapons will be high-precision cruise missiles of various bases. Thermal weapons will be represented by well-known in the ground forces flamethrowers, incendiary ammunition and fire bombs, using incendiary substances, but it is to be expected that through the use of new thermal chemicals, their capabilities will increase significantly.

In wars and armed struggle of the future, it is quite likely that radiation, electromagnetic and acoustic ONPP will also be widely used. The impact of the use of this weapon will be carried out by laser, radio frequency, infrasonic radiation, as well as electromagnetic and acoustic interference, which now have the common name electronic interference. This weapon can be used both for destruction and for short-term incapacitation with the help of interference from aerospace and naval weapons.