What foods are not allowed for cholelithiasis? Diet for gallstones, what can you eat for cholecystitis? Flour products and fats

During relapses of the disease, foods with fats are excluded. All vegetables are ground before consumption.

Sample diet menu for patients with cholelithiasis:

Days of the week	1 breakfast	2 breakfast	dinner	afternoon tea	dinner
Monday	potato pancakes, oatmeal, beet juice	1 baked apple or fruit soufflé	boiled fillet, vegetarian cabbage soup, tea	the vinaigrette	steamed meat cutlets, baked potatoes, fruit juice
Tuesday	steamed meat cutlets, rice porridge, tea	100 g prunes, apple juice	rice soup, baked vegetables, green tea	bran bread, compote	sandwich with squash caviar, boiled hake, carrot juice
Wednesday	milk soup with noodles, 2 crackers, rosehip decoction	low-fat cottage cheese, jelly	stew with eggplant and cabbage, hake stewed with sour cream sauce, tea	baked apple with honey	baked pike perch with potatoes, sliced vegetables, jelly
Thursday	semolina porridge, biscuits, chamomile infusion	100 g dried apricots, sweet apple	cream soup with potatoes and cauliflower, 2 crackers, tea	homemade yogurt without fillers	beet pancakes, biscuits, compote
Friday	low-fat cottage cheese with honey, oatmeal, weak coffee	baked apple with jam, jelly	cream soup with Brussels sprouts, boiled fillet, weak coffee	sandwich with zucchini caviar	cottage cheese casserole, 100 g boiled meat, tea
Saturday	rice porridge, soft-boiled egg, chamomile infusion	low-fat cottage cheese with dried apricots, juice	rice soup, fish cutlets, vegetable stew, vegetable juice	pumpkin porridge, compote	protein omelet, sliced vegetables, weak tea
Sunday	cheesecakes with jam, semolina porridge, weak coffee	sweet apple and dried fruits	borscht in vegetable broth, boiled turkey, compote	liver biscuits, fruit juice	millet porridge with boiled fillet, tea

The diet provides for five meals a day. It is recommended to eat porridge with milk for breakfast. As a drink, weak tea or decoctions of medicinal herbs - chamomile, rose hips, St. John's wort - are suitable.

With obesity, the pH level of bile shifts to the acidic side, which stimulates stone formation. In this case, you must follow a strict diet with limited cereals and pasta.

Dish recipes

The diet for cholelithiasis is balanced, so it is not difficult to follow. Alternating meat, vegetable and cereal products, they create a varied menu. When digestive diseases recur, the menu includes first courses in the form of soups, and more vegetables are added to second courses.

Oatmeal soup. Boil the oatmeal over low heat for at least 30 minutes. The strained broth is salted and aromatic herbs – celery or marjoram – are added.
Cream soup. Boil cauliflower and potatoes. Grind in a blender or rub through a sieve. Boil the oatmeal and chop it too. Combine the ingredients and add a little vegetable broth.
Baked pumpkin. Place the pumpkin on a baking sheet and bake for at least an hour at 180°C. Cut it into cubes, removing the skin and seeds. Pour sour cream sauce over the pieces and add a little cinnamon.
Hake with vegetables. Squash, green pea, carrots are grated. Place vegetables on prepared baking sheet. Place hake fillet on a vegetable bed. Season with unrefined oil and sour cream. Bake for 20 minutes at 180°C.

To restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the intestines in case of gastrointestinal diseases, eat a moderate amount of dried fruits. By following a diet, immunity increases and problems with stool disappear.

Diet features

When preparing a diet, take into account:

biliary inflammation phase;
weight and age;
bowel regularity;
background diseases, etc.

The chemical composition of the therapeutic nutrition system must be physiological, that is, correspond to the age, degree of physical activity, and gender of the patient.

For diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, food is taken often. If inflammation worsens, smoked and rich foods are completely removed from the menu.

During exacerbation of cholelithiasis

The diet for gallstone disease during an exacerbation involves avoiding fried foods. To improve your well-being you should:

exclude meat dishes for 10 days;
grind vegetables in a blender;
eat only boiled or baked vegetables;
do a drinking day every 7 days;
take soups, low-fat sour milk, and vegetables as the basis of your diet.

This diet is followed for 2 weeks after an attack of gallstone disease. After stabilization of health, they move to table No. 5.

For inflammation of the gallbladder

A well-designed diet prevents bile from thickening. In case of relapse of the disease, it is advisable to:

refuse food for 1-2 days;
drink up to 2 liters of Narzan, Borjomi or other mineral water per day;
after two days, add grated vegetables and fruits to the menu;
eat food every 2 hours.

When you need to consume mucous soups from oatmeal, porridge with rice. After the symptoms of the disease subside, the menu is expanded to include cottage cheese, beef, fish, and crackers.

After stone removal

The diet after crushing stones is aimed at stimulating bile drainage. The menu includes chemically neutral products that do not irritate the gastrointestinal tract, but improve the flow of bile.

After laparoscopy, the diet is followed for 6-10 months. Refusal of a rational nutrition system is dangerous due to complications.

Nutrition principles:

energy value of the daily diet – 1800-2000 kcal;
the ratio of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates is 1:1:4;
the optimal heat treatment mode is cooking;
the volume of one serving is no more than the size of a fist;
the temperature of food consumed is up to 50°C.

For a week after the operation, food is taken pureed. Only from the fifth day is it allowed to eat meat dishes.

After removal of the gallbladder with stones

– a serious operation that affects the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. For a month, patients must follow a diet taking into account the following rules:

Do not eat on the eve of cholecystectomy. You can drink up to 0.5 liters of water.
The day after cholecystectomy, it is allowed to consume ground vegetable soups. You can drink chamomile decoction or kefir.
After 5 days, eat diet cutlets, meat rolls, chicken soufflé, and fish.

A week later, light foods are introduced - porridge, pureed soups, boiled vegetables.

What foods dissolve gallstones?

For diseases of the hepatobiliary system, foods that have lipotropic properties are introduced into the diet. They reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, preventing its excretion in the bile. Due to the dispersion of triglycerides, the stones are broken down.

In case of exacerbation of diseases, the diet includes:

beef;
low-fat cottage cheese;
unrefined oil;
zander;
shrimps;
soy flour, etc.

These products are rich in lipotropic substances that stimulate the breakdown of stones. But gastroenterologists do not recommend resorting to such treatment on your own. If the disease is accompanied by stone formation, as the size of the stone decreases, the risk of blockage of the bile ducts increases. Therefore, a diet for diseases of the hepatobiliary system should be compiled and adjusted only by a doctor.

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As already mentioned at the beginning of the article, the main reason for the appearance of stones in gallbladder is poor nutrition.

This includes not only the consumption of fatty, rich and unhealthy foods such as chips and crackers, but also:

lack of diet;
consumption of excessive amounts of protein foods;
maintaining a low-fat diet.

In addition, factors such as:

Diabetes;
Uncontrolled intake of some medicines;
Regular stress;
Dehydration of the body;
Rapid weight loss;
Pregnancy;
Hereditary predisposition.

The impact of all these factors leads to changes in the composition of bile, which is produced by the liver. A lot of cholesterol appears in it, which settles to the “bottom” of the organ in the form of crystalline compounds - sand. After some time (from 2 to 8 years), these grains of sand begin to stick together, forming dense tissues, which are popularly called stones.

More often, cholelithiasis is observed in women than in men. Since it is they who in most cases take hormonal drugs, which lead to similar changes in the body.

Symptoms

The main symptom of cholelithiasis is a pain attack that occurs completely suddenly and is cutting in nature. The pain is mainly localized in the epigastric region and right hypochondrium. It can radiate to the upper body - shoulders, shoulder blades and neck.

Such an attack usually begins several hours after consuming heavy or fatty foods. Its duration is 20-30 minutes. It goes away on its own, without the use of any medications. However, after a day you may experience slight pain in the right hypochondrium.

Possible complications

The most common complication of gallstone disease is cholecystitis, which is characterized by acute inflammation of the gallbladder and its ducts.

It is also possible that diseases such as:

biliary peritonitis, in which the inflammatory process spreads to other organs of the peritoneum;
gangrene of the gallbladder, which leads to partial necrosis of the soft tissues of the organ;
pancreatitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.

Methods of treating the disease

Treatment of gallstone disease in women and men is the same.

Depending on the course of the disease and the size of the stone deposits, the doctor may choose one of the following treatment tactics:

Surgical treatment: used only in cases where the stones are large and cannot be removed from the body on their own (either crushing of deposits or resection of the organ is performed);
Conservative treatment: used in almost all cases, even with exacerbation of the disease, and includes taking antispasmodics, antibacterial drugs and hepatoprotectors;
Dietary table No. 5.

The last treatment option for gallstone disease is the most common and effective. Let's take a closer look at it.

Basic principles of nutrition

The main goal of the diet is to reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and regulate its metabolism. It is achieved by reducing daily caloric intake by reducing fats and carbohydrates in the daily diet.

Diet for gallstone disease also excludes foods high in cholesterol, which include fatty meats, egg yolk, liver and others.

Dietary table No. 5 includes foods high in magnesium salt, since it is this element that helps remove cholesterol from the body.

Thus, it turns out that maintaining a strict diet helps eliminate the main cause of the disease - increased cholesterol concentrations, thereby prolonging the remission stage.

Most patients with gallstone disease are interested in what foods, fruits and vegetables can be eaten during the phase of stable remission? Let's just say that dietary table No. 5 includes a fairly large list of permitted products from which you can prepare a variety of dishes.

These include:

biscuits;
bread made from rye flour;
River fish;
dietary varieties of meat and poultry (beef, rabbit, chicken);
vegetable broths, secondary chicken and beef broths;
all vegetables and fruits, except sour varieties;
cottage cheese;
cereals;
kefir;
milk;
boiled chicken eggs;
vegetable oils;
dried fruit compotes;
green tea.

You can find numerous recipes on the Internet. delicious dishes, which contain these very products, because you can eat them without any fear for your health.

Restrictions

Patients with cholelithiasis can eat, but in limited quantities:

Butter;
Butter pastries;
Pickles and various marinades.

Forbidden

People who have gallstones should absolutely not eat:

soups prepared with pork broth;
fried pies;
baked goods made from white flour;
smoked meats;
sausages;
pasta;
parsley;
spinach;
salted cheeses;
milk with a high percentage of fat content;
various animal fats;
alcohol.

All this food contributes to the exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, it should never be used by patients with gallstone disease.

Nutrition during exacerbation

Diet during exacerbation of cholelithiasis limits the consumption of almost all foods. Meat and fish products, as well as broths prepared from them, are completely excluded from the diet. Once a week it is necessary to carry out fasting days. They imply a sharp reduction in daily caloric intake to 500-600 kcal.

On other days, during an exacerbation, you can eat vegetables and fruits, preferably raw, various cereals cooked in water without adding oil, and drink plenty of liquids (compotes, teas, still mineral water).

Postoperative period

After surgery to crush stones or resection of the gallbladder, dietary table No. 0 is prescribed. It is forbidden to eat any foods at all. Only after two days is it allowed to eat those dishes that are prepared from permitted products.

Recipes for preparing dishes for patients with cholelithiasis should be sought for those that do not contain fish and meat products. Broths from these products are also prohibited in the first 2 weeks after surgery.

Indicative menu

For breakfast you can eat buckwheat porridge with added butter (no more than 10 g), cheese pudding and drink a cup of tea with milk.

Lunch for a patient with cholelithiasis can consist of vegetarian borscht, stewed carrots and a small piece of boiled meat.

And for dinner you can eat vegetable stew and boiled or steamed fish. In between meals, you can eat a green apple and drink a glass of rosehip decoction.

GSD is a pathology in which stagnant processes occur in the gallbladder. Due to significant thickening of the bile, stones begin to form that can block the ducts.

When treating patients, nutrition plays a huge role in gallstone disease, thanks to which it is possible to speed up the healing process. Otherwise, patients will have to undergo a course of drug therapy prescribed by gastroenterologists for quite a long time. Also, non-compliance with nutritional therapy can lead to the development of serious complications, some of which can only be eliminated surgically.

Diet rules for adults and children with cholelithiasis of the gallbladder

The diet for cholelithiasis, as well as for cholecystitis, includes many restrictions. Its goal is not only to provide adequate nutrition for the patient, but also to facilitate digestive processes and prevent congestion.

A diet for gallstone disease allows patients to achieve the following results:

The liver begins to function in a gentle manner.
The work of the bile ducts is normalized.
The development of new stones is prevented.
Weight loss.
General well-being improves.

The daily menu should contain the following amount nutrients(daily intake from 2,170 to 2,480 Kcal):

When preparing meals, patients should adhere to the following recommendations:

All dishes for the patient must first be crushed or ground. You can puree them using a kitchen blender. Thanks to this consistency, you can significantly reduce the load that will be placed on the bubble. As a result, it will begin to gradually decrease in size and will not produce excessive amounts of bile. Accordingly, there will be no stagnation in the bubble.
Dishes that are prepared for this category of patients should be steamed, baked in the oven (without a golden brown crust), or boiled. In rare cases, patients can treat themselves to stewed food.
It is strictly forbidden to fry foods, since with this cooking method the formation of oxidized fats occurs, and they, in turn, have negative impact on the course of cholelithiasis.
The food served to the patient should have a temperature ranging from 15°C to 65°C. If the patient eats too hot or cold foods, they will irritate the gastric mucosa and stimulate the process of bile production.
Patients must adhere to fractional nutrition, which includes up to six meals per day. Thanks to the constant supply of food at the same time, the functionality of the bladder is normalized, and the processes of bile removal are stabilized.
Patients should limit the amount of salt. The permissible daily dosage should not exceed 10g.
As for liquids, this category of patients needs to drink at least 2 liters of clean water daily.
Drinks containing alcohol are strictly prohibited, as they will provoke spasms of the bladder and the occurrence of hepatic colic.
The process of food absorption should be slow. The patient at this moment should be in a calm environment. He should chew each piece thoroughly. Thanks to this, rapid saturation will occur and the person will not be able to consume excessive amounts of food.

What is prohibited and what is allowed

The list of prohibited foods includes those that stimulate the process of bile production.

You can include the following:

Fats that are difficult to melt.
Food that contains large quantities of oxalic acid and nitrogenous substances.
Those dishes that can provoke the development of putrefactive processes in the intestines and increase gas formation should be excluded from the daily menu.
Also avoid foods that stimulate the production of bad cholesterol.
The patient's daily menu should contain products that contain lipotropic substances and pectins.
The patient's food should contain a large amount of fiber and magnesium.

What not to eat	What can you eat
Egg yolk	Boiled pasta
Fresh cotton products	Dry biscuit

Confectionery, homemade baked goods	Bakery products baked from rye flour with the addition of bran
High fat cottage cheese	Biscuits or crackers
Cheeses are too spicy and salty	Dried or yesterday's bread
Cow and goat milk	Milk sausages, low-fat ham
Ryazhenka, cream and sour cream	Egg white
	Mild and lightly salted cheeses in limited quantities
Soups cooked in mushroom, fish and meat broths	Fish, poultry, lean meats
Barley, pearl barley and millet	Seafood
Mushrooms, regardless of cooking method	Vegetarian soups
Fish caviar	Dairy products
	Marmalade
Brussels sprouts and white cabbage	Homemade jelly
Spinach and sorrel
Fats of animal origin
Garlic and onion
	Dried fruits
Radish and radish
Fish of fatty varieties, as well as salted	Baked apples
Canned food
Smoked meats and sausages	You can add butter or olive oil to dishes
By-products

Spices	carrot
	Cauliflower
Sauces, ketchups, mayonnaise, horseradish, mustard, vinegar	Potatoes
Berries and fruits that have not undergone heat treatment
Fatty meats and poultry
Coffee, cocoa, strong tea	bell pepper
Sweet soda	Rosehip decoction
Ice cream	Mineral waters, for example Borjomi
	Homemade compotes
	Freshly squeezed juices diluted with boiled water
	Walnuts and cashews
	Pumpkin and sunflower seeds




	Wheat bran

Diet for adults with exacerbation of cholelithiasis

When this pathology worsens, patients are immediately transferred to therapeutic fasting. He must refrain from eating food during the first day of relapse. He can drink rosehip infusion, juices diluted with water and weak teas. On the second day, the patient is transferred to a strict diet, table No. 5B. Thanks to this diet, it will be possible to relieve inflammation, since the diet will not contain foods that can act as chemical and mechanical irritants. The patient must adhere to a strict diet for five days, after which he is transferred to table No. 5A.

During an exacerbation, the patient’s diet should consist of the following dishes:

pureed food cooked in water;
slimy soups;
mashed thin porridge;
homemade compotes;
homemade jelly;
crackers or yesterday's bread;
boiled and pureed lean meat;
boiled fish;
low-fat cottage cheese

Weekly menu

Monday

Several bran loaves, buckwheat porridge cooked with milk, a cup of weak tea with the addition of sorbitol.
Low-fat cottage cheese, a glass of rosehip infusion.
Pearl barley soup, stew made from vegetables, several meat cutlets topped with milk sauce. A cup of homemade compote.
Baked apple.
A portion of steamed egg white omelette, vegetable stew, a glass of tea with a little honey added.

Tuesday

Buckwheat porridge, several cutlets made from carrots, a glass of apple juice.
Baked apples with honey and dried apricots.
Puree cauliflower soup, a piece of beef, boiled or steamed, topped with apple sour cream sauce. As a side dish, you can eat grated carrots or pumpkin-carrot puree. A cup of plum juice.
A portion cottage cheese casserole.
A piece of boiled fish, a few baked potatoes. A glass of pumpkin juice.

Wednesday

A portion of omelette steamed from egg whites, several biscuits, a piece of mild and lightly salted cheese. A cup of weak tea.
Low-fat cottage cheese with a small amount of jam. A glass of rosehip infusion.
Vegetarian soup with noodles and vegetables, vegetable cabbage rolls, a cup of jelly.
A few loaves of bread and a glass of pumpkin juice.
A piece of boiled hake, sprinkled with sour cream sauce, a portion of squash caviar, a glass of apricot juice.
Low-fat yogurt.

Thursday

Buckwheat porridge with a small piece of butter. Soft-boiled or poached egg. A cup of weak tea with the addition of sorbitol.
A piece of cottage cheese casserole, sprinkled with a little honey, a glass of fruit juice.
Puree vegetable soup, a piece of boiled chicken breast, topped with sour cream sauce. Salad made from bran, sprinkled with bran. Homemade jelly from seasonal fruits.
Baked apples with a little jam. A glass of pumpkin juice.
A piece of lean fish fillet baked in the oven along with potatoes. Puréed green peas drizzled with a little olive oil. A cup of weak tea with added milk.
Low-fat yogurt.

Friday

Oatmeal, several cheesecakes with a little jam. A glass of juice.
Porridge made from pumpkin and millet.
Vegetable soup seasoned with sour cream. Casserole made from chicken fillet and vegetables. A glass of homemade compote.
A few biscuits, a cup of plum juice.
A piece of boiled hake with vegetables, a portion of millet porridge, a cup of weak tea.

Saturday

Oatmeal cooked with milk. A few dry cookies, a piece of low-fat and unsalted cheese. A cup of tea with added milk.
A piece of krupenik with honey and cottage cheese.
Vegetable soup, a piece of baked rabbit, a vegetable salad, a glass of homemade compote.
Baked apples, a piece of dry biscuit.
A few fish cutlets topped with milk sauce. Stew made from vegetables. A glass of apricot juice.

Sunday

A portion of protein steam omelette, buckwheat porridge cooked in milk. A piece of mild and lightly salted cheese, a cup of weak tea.
Several toasts made from rye bread with bran. A glass of fruit juice.
Pearl barley soup, a piece of boiled chicken fillet, a salad made from vegetables, a glass of juice diluted with water.
A piece of cottage cheese casserole with the addition of prunes, peach juice.
Boiled cod fillet, topped with milk sauce, vegetable salad, a cup of weak tea.

The need for a diet and the consequences of non-compliance

If the patient adheres to a special diet during drug therapy, he can speed up the healing process and prevent the formation of new stones. Many organs of the gastrointestinal tract will function in a lighter mode, which will prevent the development of many pathologies.

A balanced menu will help strengthen the immune system, normalize sleep, and prevent the exacerbation of chronic diseases.

If the patient neglects the gastroenterologist’s recommendations regarding the need to comply therapeutic diet, he will have to periodically deal with intestinal colic. Failure to comply with special nutrition can provoke the development of such pathologies:

colitis;
pancreatitis;
ulcerative pathology of the duodenum, etc.

Since ancient times, doctors have been looking for the origins of diseases in poor nutrition, and modern science confirms this hypothesis, which is why diet for gallstone disease plays such an important role. Modern research show that the cause of gallstones is poor diet. Statistics show that overweight people most often suffer from this disease (this problem is especially common among women who have given birth several times), and least often - vegetarians, even those who adhere to not too strict principles and allow themselves dairy products. So what can you eat if you have gallstone disease and what should you never eat?

Show all

Principles of nutrition for cholelithiasis

Nutritional habits in diseases of the gallbladder are associated with the causes of the development of this pathology. The appearance of stones is preceded by a sufficiently long period during which this problem can be prevented. Gallstone disease appears when bile stagnates in the gallbladder under the influence of certain factors. It becomes too thick, and this contributes to the precipitation of its salts. They gradually turn into stones, which can be found not only in the bladder itself, but also in the bile ducts.

Studies have shown that the composition of stones is not only the mentioned salts, but also cholesterol metabolism products. Their formation is a complex biochemical process. It has been established that some foods increase the production of cholesterol and reduce the synthesis of bile acids. Cholesterol does not dissolve in water; it is excreted from the body only when mixed with bile acids. It turns out vicious circle: The more cholesterol you get, the harder it is to remove it. And the higher the risk of stone formation. Thus, poor nutrition causes both inflammation of the gallbladder and the appearance of stones. Moreover, the rate of their growth depends on the level of cholesterol in the body. On average, this is 3-5 mm per year, but it happens that it can be more if you do not revise your menu in time.

It is possible to understand that the disease is related to nutrition in practice, since pain always intensifies after spicy, fried and fatty foods. Thus, they are the ones that need to be excluded from the diet first.

A diet for gallstone disease, on the one hand, should provide the body with all the necessary substances, that is, a normal amount of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and on the other hand, it should limit the consumption of fats.

This allows you to achieve several goals at once. Firstly, the load on the liver is reduced. Secondly, the function of the biliary tract is restored. Thirdly, it helps prevent the formation of new gallstones. Of course, existing stones are dealt with differently.

During the period of remission, that is, when the function of the gallbladder is reduced, but there is no pain as such, the diet should increase the output of bile and ensure the normal functioning of this organ. During an exacerbation, the diet provides rest to the gallbladder.

Diet preparation

In Soviet medicine there was a table of treatment tables according to Pevzner. It is still used today with minor modifications. Gallstone disease is the so-called table No. 5.

What should be the approximate content of various nutrients in the daily diet of a patient with cholelithiasis? The layout is like this:

proteins should be 85-90 g, with only about half coming from animal proteins;
fats - 70-80 g, of which a third should be of vegetable origin;
carbohydrates - 300-350 g (this means all carbohydrates, including in potatoes, cereals, etc., but sugar itself should not exceed 70 g per day);
table salt - up to 10 g, this is the total amount in all dishes.

The energy value of a therapeutic diet should be 2170-2480 kcal per day, depending on lifestyle. Such nutrition should provide a long quiet period.

What should be the diet so that the disease does not make itself felt? As with any other disorder of the gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract and liver, meals should be frequent, or, as they say, fractional. The daily diet is divided into 5-6 meals. This diet has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gallbladder. The fact is that sometimes food intake itself has a choleretic effect. It is important to eat regularly, that is, at the same hours. This will ensure a uniform outflow of bile. In addition, if you eat more than you need in one meal, a strong contraction of the gallbladder may occur, which will lead to pain, and quite intense pain. Frequent meals also contribute to better absorption of vitamins and microelements; they normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and prevent constipation.

There is one more important point. When dieting for gallstone disease, considering both what you can eat and how such foods are prepared, the food itself rarely causes appetite. Therefore, we will have to come up with some ways beautiful design dishes and table setting, because you still need to eat well. Throughout the week you will have to at least create the appearance of variety. Finally, it is important to eat in a calm environment, slowly, and not while running, so that you are satisfied with even a small portion of food and do not overload your gallbladder.

Food processing

For gallstones, not only diet and its high-quality composition, but also the peculiarities of cooking and heat treatment of food. To reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract and gall bladder, all dishes must be served chopped, if not pureed. This prevents excessive production of bile, causing spasms of the biliary tract and pain.

All products must be either boiled, steamed, or baked (but only without crust). Sometimes extinguishing is allowed.

It was already mentioned above that the amount of salt is limited. Salt itself is not harmful. But the sodium in its composition attracts liquid, the viscosity of the blood increases and the bile thickens, which impairs its excretion. Not to mention that salt promotes swelling. The taste of dishes can be improved by using some permitted spices and herbs.

As for drinking fluids, you need to drink at least 2 liters of water per day. This will help dilate the blood vessels and make the bile less concentrated. In addition, this way toxic substances are removed from the body more quickly, including those from which stones are formed.

The food served should be neither too cold nor too hot. In both cases, bile production is stimulated, which should not be allowed in this disease. In addition, it irritates the stomach lining, so it will be harmful in any case.

What can't you eat?

Research conducted in recent decades has shown that in the case of the “stone” type of gallbladder disease, the prerequisites for its development are:

excessive consumption of foods containing large quantities refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, etc.,
lack of foods that contain essential fatty acids and antioxidants,
deficiency of plant fiber.

Thus, it is refined carbohydrates, fried and saturated fats that need to be excluded from the diet first. Why can't you eat fried foods? Because during such processing of foods, oxidized fats are formed, which impede the excretion of bile and increase the level of bad cholesterol in the body.

Any products that increase bile production are prohibited. These are purines and even usually beneficial compounds - essential oils. Refractory fats and a number of other products also have this property. Firstly, they lead to an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood, and secondly, they are difficult to digest.

True, the same purines are found in any food, so doctors talk about the permissible amount of purines in the diet - up to about 600 mg per day. Moreover, studies have shown that purines of animal and plant origin have different effects on the course of cholelithiasis. Thus, purines from meat and fish increase the risk of stone formation, but purines from vegetables have virtually no effect on this. The most purines are found in foods such as:

concentrated meat broths (including chicken) and sauces;
duck and goose meat, in slightly smaller quantities - in lamb and pork, bacon,
herring and sardines.

All this will have to be excluded from the diet without fail.

In addition, you should not eat foods high in oxalic acid and some nitrogen compounds, as they lead to the formation of salts - this causes the formation of stones in the gall bladder.

You should not eat foods that irritate the digestive tract and lead to gas formation. Flatulence has been found to increase the risk of stone formation. In addition, it is necessary to exclude foods that lead to rotting processes in the intestines.

Thus, in addition to the already mentioned products containing purines, the following are prohibited:

fresh white bread, Rye bread(it causes increased gas formation), pancakes, pancakes, fried donuts, pies, any baked goods;
full-fat cottage cheese, country (that is, fatty) milk, any salty and spicy cheese;
egg yolk and, accordingly, dishes in which it is included - scrambled eggs, omelet, stuffed eggs;
butter, cream, lard, i.e. animal fats, but also mixed fats, such as margarine and cooking oil;
fish varieties containing a lot of fats and purines (salmon, sturgeon and others) and fish soup;
mushroom soups, and indeed mushrooms in any form;
canned fish and meat;
any sausages;
pearl barley, millet and barley cereals;
almost all fruits, mostly fresh (especially grapes, raspberries, and, oddly enough, lingonberries and cranberries);
confectionery products, mainly chocolate and cakes due to butter cream, candies and ice cream;
some herbs due to their high content of oxalic acid (and this is not only sorrel, but, unfortunately, parsley, dill, as well as basil, thyme);
Almost all legumes, white and Brussels sprouts and spinach;
mayonnaise, mustard, vinegar (this excludes pickled vegetables and canned food).

Some vegetables are also prohibited. These are onions, radishes and radishes, and also garlic, in any form. Despite all their benefits, they are dangerous due to their high content essential oils, which can provoke an exacerbation of the disease.

Although pasta and a number of cereals (for example, oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat) are not prohibited, if the patient is overweight, then they should be excluded from the diet.

Strong tea, coffee and cocoa are prohibited from drinks. It is clear that fast food is completely prohibited, since it contains both simple carbohydrates and refined fats.

In any case, regardless of other indications, you will have to give up alcohol. The fact is that any, even weak, alcohol leads to spasms of the bile ducts and bladder, and this causes hepatic colic. The fact that most alcoholic drinks are served cold also plays an important role. And this disease excludes cold dishes.

What can and should you eat?

After such an impressive list of prohibited foods, it may seem that the patient cannot do anything except water. Actually this is not true. You can eat any foods high in pectins and so-called lipotropic substances. Pectins, for example, are recommended for any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as they have an enveloping property and have an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, they facilitate the elimination of toxic substances from the body. Finally, pectins are a favorable environment for normal intestinal microflora.

As for lipotropic substances, they help dilute bile, remove fats from the body, prevent the formation of cholesterol plaques in blood vessels and accelerate the removal of cholesterol itself from the body.

It is important to have enough fiber in your diet. It will ensure normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and help prevent constipation, which often provokes attacks of gallstone disease due to intoxication of the body.

With this disease, it is very important to consume foods high in magnesium and its compounds. The fact is that magnesium salts weaken spasms (this is familiar to everyone who suffers from night cramps). In this case, the risk of hepatic colic is reduced and pain is relieved. Magnesium salts also have an anti-inflammatory effect, they stimulate normal contraction of the gallbladder and, like fiber, prevent constipation, however, their mechanism of action is different - due to increased intestinal motility.

Some experts believe that in the diet of a person suffering from cholelithiasis, the amount of magnesium should exceed the norm by 2-4 times. True, if you follow such a magnesium diet for gallstone disease, you will have to completely exclude table salt and limit the amount of free fluid. So it should be used with caution, taking into account your health status and all possible contraindications. For example, if gallstone disease is accompanied by gastritis or chronic enterocolitis, a magnesium diet is not prescribed. The appropriateness of its use in each case is considered by the doctor.

Honey can and even should be consumed for gallstone disease, since it helps avoid the formation of stones.

But you can eat it only in moderation. In addition, even in hot drinks, honey should not be exposed to prolonged heat, as this destroys the beneficial substances.

Is it possible to eat watermelon with this disease? It is difficult to answer this question unequivocally. On the one hand, watermelon contains pectins, which are exactly what you need. But on the other hand, in large quantities it can cause fermentation processes in the stomach, which should be avoided in any case. Some experts see a solution in drinking watermelon juice, especially since it can be used to prepare healthy refreshing drinks.

List of approved products

The list of foods that are allowed for cholelithiasis is quite wide, and with some imagination the diet can be made quite varied.

If we talk about animal proteins, then you can cook:

1. Any seafood, since they contain a lot of iodine, and it binds bad cholesterol. These are squid, shrimp, mussels, seaweed. And here crab sticks are not included here, since the technology for their production involves the use of not only krill, but also different types of fish, in addition, many preservatives and dyes are added to them.
2. Low-fat fish (for example, pike perch). They contain unsaturated fatty acids, that is, the same lipotropic substances discussed above.
3. Lean meats: veal, rabbit, chicken. They are boiled, but broths, even fatty ones, are not used. After all, the purines contained in meat pass into water.
4. Mild cheeses are consumed in small quantities. As for other dairy products, it can be low-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir and milk. Such products are useful because they contain vitamin D, the pH value shifts to the alkaline side, this reduces the amount of salts that precipitate and helps prevent the formation of stones.

You can eat egg whites. Of course, in pure form it is not eaten, only in the form of steamed or baked omelets and in some other dishes.

Sometimes, but not during an exacerbation, milk sausages and low-fat ham are allowed if there are no contraindications due to concomitant diseases.

Carbohydrates consumed

As for carbohydrates, the list of products is also quite wide. Allowed:

bran bread, white bread croutons, unsweetened biscuits and crackers;
cereals: oatmeal, buckwheat, semolina;
pasta;
nuts and seeds.

These must be whole grain cereals, not flakes, and they are prepared in a special way. Porridges should be viscous and boiled. They are prepared either with water or with highly diluted milk. Rice porridge is allowed, but only if there are no digestive problems, as it can lead to constipation. In such cases, you can cook, for example, rice porridge with pumpkin (the latter contains a lot of fiber, has a mild laxative effect and compensates for the effects of rice).

Nuts and seeds can be eaten in limited quantities because they are high in calories. But they contain unsaturated fatty acids, magnesium and many other useful microelements. Cashew nuts and pumpkin seeds are considered the healthiest.

What else is useful?

It is very useful to eat vegetables. It could be pumpkin, squash, carrots, zucchini, Bell pepper, cucumbers. Vegetables can be used to prepare vegetarian borscht, beetroot soup, and other soups. Potatoes are rich in starch and can be eaten either boiled or baked. Recommended fruits include apples, sweet pomegranates, and bananas. Moreover, apples can be eaten both fresh and baked. Quince is not recommended because it increases the tendency to constipation. Apricots contain a lot of magnesium, but it all depends on individual tolerance and the absence of contraindications. From time to time you can treat yourself to such sweets as: marmalade, marshmallows or marshmallows, various jellies, dried fruits.

Most berries should not be eaten raw. But you can make juices and compotes from them, and prepare jelly. Drinks that are allowed include coffee with milk (only weak) and rosehip tea. Juices are drunk only diluted. According to indications, the doctor may prescribe medicinal alkaline waters (Borjomi, Essentuki).

The diet must include fats. Butter, if there are no contraindications, can be consumed only in very small quantities. It is best absorbed from animal fats. It is not eaten in its pure form; it is recommended to simply add it to porridge. From vegetable fats, unrefined oil is recommended, preferably sunflower oil, although flaxseed, olive, and corn oil are sometimes recommended (if tolerated).

You can make your diet more varied by combining the listed products. For example, you can cook rice or wheat porridge with dried apricots, semolina-curd pudding, buckwheat balls with or without cottage cheese. Not to mention the various combinations of vegetable salads. By the way, you can add greens to them, but only a little, so as not to provoke salt deposition.

The list of products provided is not exhaustive. For each product that is not included there, you should consult your doctor. For example, theoretically corn porridge very useful for cholelithiasis, but you can eat it in limited quantities, since excessive consumption can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Most spices are prohibited for this disease, but turmeric has a strong choleretic effect, and sometimes it is allowed only for individual indications, if there is a need to stimulate the flow of bile.

Menu during exacerbation of pathology

Dietary rules during a sharp exacerbation of the disease will be much more strict. The diet for gallstone disease at this time should be very gentle. In the first 2 days of such an exacerbation, you can only take liquid food. However, this can only be called food with a stretch, since it will be rosehip decoction or sweet tea, and no more than 2-3 glasses a day. These liquids are drunk in small portions, literally a few tablespoons at a time. After 2 days, you can add a little pureed food to this, for example, cereal soup (oatmeal or rice) or pureed porridge from the same ingredients. Jelly or mousse are possible. Gradually, small amounts of low-fat cottage cheese and meat are included in the diet. Again, all these products can only be eaten pureed.

If there is no sharp exacerbation, but the patient feels worse than usual, you can arrange a fasting day. IN summer time Such days are spent on juices and permitted fruits. In winter, this can be the so-called Kempner diet (compote of dried fruits and rice porridge) or cottage cheese-kefir diet. In any case, its main goal is to reduce the caloric content of the diet.

Consequences of violating the regulations

Many people believe that such a strict diet is a completely unnecessary precaution; it is not necessary to follow it and deviations from the diet can be compensated for with medications. But doctors warn that no pharmaceutical drugs can replace diets for cholelithiasis.

Only therapeutic nutrition can normalize the level of bad cholesterol in the blood and prevent the formation of new stones. This prevents the development of concomitant diseases such as atherosclerosis, gastrointestinal pathologies, etc. In addition, such caloric restriction allows you to get rid of excess weight, and this is one of the risk factors for the development of gallstone disease.

If the principles dietary nutrition neglected, this may contribute to the increase in stones, and the problem will have to be solved surgically. The lack of necessary elements in the diet contributes to the exacerbation of intestinal and renal colic. In addition, if the diet is violated, serious concomitant diseases develop, for example, pancreatitis or peptic ulcer.

All over the world, with the development of the food industry and the availability of its finished products, as well as semi-finished products for purchase by every person, its channels are also growing. The statistics on this situation are as follows: in well-developed countries, 15-25% of the population suffers from the disease, and in less developed countries up to 10%.

Depending on the stage of the disease, treatment may be therapeutic or surgical. However, in any case, adherence to a diet for gallstone disease is also required.

Stages of the disease

During gallstone disease there are three stages.

Chemical. At this time, the production of normal bile by the gallbladder is disrupted. As a result, it contains a large amount of cholesterol and a small amount of phospholipids and bile acids. If the disease is not detected at this stage and appropriate treatment methods, including diet, are not adopted, then solid flakes and crystals form from the pathogenic bile. These processes can last for many years, stones begin to form and the second stage begins.
Stone-carrying(asymptomatic or latent). This period is characterized by stagnation of bile and active stone formation, most often occurring against the background of inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa and inflammation of its walls. During research, “silent” stones are diagnosed. The duration of this stage can be 11 years, when a person does not feel obvious concerns.
Calculous (clinical) or the period when the formed stones manifest themselves in the form of pain symptoms (pain in the right hypochondrium, hepatic colic) and feelings of malaise (bitterness in the mouth, belching, flatulence, bloating, etc.). The course of the disease at this stage can be different - acute, long-term with periodic exacerbations, sluggish. It all depends on the size of the stones and their location. But in any case, it cannot be ignored.

Along with medical methods (drug therapy, surgery), a diet is recommended to alleviate the condition and prevent complications and for the general treatment of gallstone disease.

In official medical practice it has been developed special diet No. 5, which recommends the following approaches when organizing a nutrition system for people suffering from cholelithiasis:

reducing the amount of food high in cholesterol in the diet in order to prevent the process of stone formation (most gallstones consist of cholesterol);
in small portions 5-6 times a day;
eating warm foods that help dilute bile;
It is undesirable to eat cold and hot food;
the daily intake of water should be 2 liters;
weekly fasting days on cucumbers, kefir, apples, cottage cheese.

Useful products for this disease are:

cottage cheese, kefir, cheese, which contain proteins and calcium necessary for the body, and also help create a more alkaline environment for bile, which prevents an increase in its viscosity and thickness;
for the normal production of bile acids, lean fish and meat, egg whites, olive and other vegetable oils are useful;
to reduce the processes of bile crystallization, it is necessary to consume foods high in vitamins A, B, C (berries, vegetables, fruits);
foods rich in magnesium - porridge from oatmeal, millet, buckwheat and barley, dried fruits;
to increase intestinal motility and prevent constipation, you should eat prunes, beets and foods high in plant fiber;
vegetarian soups;
healthy to drink mineral water(“Esentuki No. 17”).

Prohibited products are:

fatty meat and fish, lard, animal fats and products based on them (butter), fat-based sauces (mayonnaise, etc.), egg yolk;
fried foods, smoked meats, meat and other canned food, meat and fish broths, mushroom soups are excluded from the diet;
sweet flour products;
berries and fruits of sour varieties;
cocoa and products based on it (chocolate, creams, etc.), coffee;
alcohol;
hot spices, vinegar-based marinades, hot seasonings;
sour and carbonated drinks.

for breakfast- cottage cheese pudding 130 g, oatmeal with olive oil 150 g, a glass of tea with milk;
for afternoon tea- sweet apple;
for lunch- a portion vegetarian soup, stewed vegetables (preferably carrots) for olive oil 150 g with a piece of boiled meat 70 g, 200 g of rosehip decoction;
for afternoon tea- 200 g of rosehip decoction with lean crackers or bread;
for dinner- side dish of boiled potatoes 150 g, a piece of boiled fish 100 g and vegetable cutlets from cabbage and carrots vegetable oil, tea;
2 hours before bedtime- a glass of kefir.

This course is carried out over a long period of 1.5-2 years. Dishes and ingredients can be changed by following the basic diet recommendations.

In cases where exacerbations of the disease occur, diet No. 5a is used. Its duration is 1.5-2 weeks. After this, they switch to long-term diet No. 5.

for the first breakfast- 150 g semolina porridge, 100 g egg white omelette, 200 g tea with milk;
for 2nd breakfast - buckwheat in olive oil with 150 g with steamed meat cutlets 100-120 g, a piece of white stale bread, tea;
for lunch- half a serving of vegetarian soup based on rice and vegetables, boiled chicken fillet 100 g, buckwheat porridge with vegetable oil 150 g, milk-based jelly dessert 100 g;
for dinner- side dish of mashed potatoes 150 g, piece of boiled fish 100 g, tea with milk;
2 hours before bedtime You can drink a glass of kefir.

Careful diet during gallstone disease effectively helps reduce the risk of surgery and also helps stop the pathological process.