The main types of military activity and their features. Features of military professional activity Types of military activity and their
Classification of the main types military activities.
The activity of a serviceman is primarily due to his belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and therefore, all his activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which the Armed Forces are created. Can be distinguished its three main elements:combat training, service and combat activities And real fighting.
Combat training.
Combat training-- a system of measures for training and military education personnel units and subunits, combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for conducting combat operations or performing other tasks,
determined by the purpose of the Armed Forces. Combat training is primarily aimed at ensuring high level combat readiness of units and divisions.
Combat training is designed to ensure a high military-professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and war time. Combat training has a number of features:
wears collective focus(in the course of classes, individual military personnel are simultaneously trained and military units for joint action)
This practical training (aimed at mastering weapons and equipment and their skillful use in combat).
The highest form of training in units and subunits is doctrine, where methods of using weapons and military equipment in combat, combat coordination of units and support for combat operations are practiced. The exercises are carried out in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment close to combat. In order to maintain constant combat readiness of weapons and military equipment in the units, park and business days And maintenance days, during which inspections and maintenance of weapons and military equipment are carried out. The content of combat training is determined curricula And programs. One of the main principles organization of combat training -- to teach the troops what is needed in the war.
Service and combat activities.
Service and combat activities aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness subunits and units, i.e., the ability of troops in any situation to start military operations in deadlines. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime, the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.
Service and combat activities includes: combat duty, guard duty And internal service. Combat duty - this is the presence of specially allocated forces and means in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations. It is the fulfillment of a combat mission and is carried out by duty forces and means. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of command posts, etc. Personnel are trained for combat duty before each entry into combat duty. Military personnel who have not been sworn in, who have not mastered the combat training program, who have committed offenses under investigation, and who are sick are not assigned to combat duty. guard duty It is designed for reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other materiel.
Carrying out guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission.
Internal Service- This is the daily service activities in military units and subunits. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter internal services s of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to be maintained in a military unit internal order and military discipline, ensuring its constant combat readiness. Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units together provide the necessary level of combat capability of troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. the ability to be ready to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland at any time of the year and day, in any conditions .
Real fighting
Real combat operations are the type of military activity for the sake of which the Armed Forces are created and their combat training and service and combat activities are carried out. Real fighting There is military activity carried out directly in combat conditions and aimed at defeating the enemy. The main features of modern combat are maneuverability, dynamism, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, uneven development along the front and in depth, increased moral, psychological and physical stress of the personnel. Modern Combat requires from each soldier stamina, initiative, discipline.
The most powerful impact on a person in combat is a danger that is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place in the course of the battle is played by the ability of a person to control his feelings, emotions and states, the ability to control his behavior and activities. The performance of duties by military personnel is a specific area of human activity, which is wide and multifaceted and requires young man before entering military service a meaningful and balanced approach to assessing their capabilities
and organizing their preparation for military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, the level of education and physical qualities.
Service and combat activity is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations in a timely manner in any situation. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime, the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.
Service and combat activities include: combat duty, guard and internal service.
Combat duty is the stay of specially allocated forces and means in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations.
Combat duty is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of command posts, etc.
The guard service is intended for the reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other materiel.
Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from the personnel, precise observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative.
Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service bear disciplinary or criminal liability. Guards are appointed to carry out guard duty. A guard is an armed unit assigned to carry out the combat mission of guarding and defending combat banners, military and public facilities. The composition of the guard includes: the head of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, the guard. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.
Guards are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) who have been sworn in by the military, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.
Internal service is the daily service activity in military units and subdivisions. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in a military unit, ensuring its constant combat readiness.
Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units together provide the necessary level of combat capability of troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. the ability to be ready to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland at any time of the year and day, in any conditions . All military activities are aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit for the conduct of real combat operations.
In the Armed Forces Russian Federation three types of aircraft have been formed:
Ground Forces (SV);
Air Force (Air Force);
Navy (Navy).
The Ground Forces are the most numerous branch of the Russian Armed Forces. They include motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, troops air defense, as well as special troops (reconnaissance, engineering, chemical and bacteriological defense, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topographic and geodetic, hydrometeorological). SV are designed to conduct combat operations mainly on land.
Motorized rifle troops are designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as jointly with other branches of the military and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as units of special forces and rear.
Modern motorized rifle troops are equipped with powerful weapons: missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank missile systems, anti-aircraft missile systems, effective means intelligence and control.
Tank troops make up the main striking force of the SV. Organizationally, tank troops consist of formations, units and subunits. They also include motorized rifle, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft artillery and missile units and subunits. In service tank troops there are highly mobile tanks with powerful armor protection and weapons.
Rocket troops and artillery is a kind of SV, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy.
The air defense troops of the SV are a branch of service designed to defeat an air enemy, cover groupings of troops, command posts and rear facilities. In addition to the military branches, the SV includes special troops: signal troops, units and subunits of the rear.
Signal troops are designed to deploy and operate communication systems and ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.
Units and subunits of the rear are intended for rear support of troops and combat operations.
Air Force -- the new kind Armed Forces, created in 1998 by transforming two types of Air Force and Air Defense Forces.
The Air Force is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces, designed to repel an aerospace attack, gain air supremacy, as well as to solve shock (destruction of military facilities, destruction of enemy manpower and military equipment, etc.), reconnaissance, transport and special tasks.
The Air Force includes aviation: bomber, fighter-bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, army and special. The Air Force includes: anti-aircraft missile troops, radio engineering troops, units and subunits of special troops.
The readiness of air force units and subunits to conduct combat operations is ensured by the composition of aviation technical units. These include aviation technical bases and separate aviation maintenance battalions.
The Navy is intended for the armed protection of Russia's interests, for conducting combat operations in the maritime and oceanic theaters of war.
The Navy consists of branches of forces: underwater, surface, naval aviation, marines and coastal defense troops. It also includes parts special purpose, units and subunits of the rear.
Submarine forces - the strike force of the fleet. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant - into nuclear and diesel-electric.
The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads.
Surface forces are an important part of the Navy. Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit of submarines to combat areas and their return to bases, for transporting and covering landing forces.
Naval aviation - a branch of the Navy, consists of strategic, tactical, carrier-based and coastal aviation.
The Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces.
Coastal defense troops are designed to protect naval bases, ports, important sections of the coast, etc.
Logistic units and subunits are intended for logistic support of the forces and military operations of the Navy.
Having become acquainted with the types of the Armed Forces and branches of service, their purpose, it is also necessary to keep in mind that military duties differ not only depending on the branch of the Armed Forces or type of troops, but also on the military position.
Having become acquainted with all the features of military activity, it is necessary to conclude that the performance of duties by military personnel is a specific area of human activity, which is broad and multifaceted and requires a meaningful and balanced approach from a young person before entering military service to assess their capabilities and organize their preparation for military service. military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, the level of education and physical qualities.
In military activity, three main elements can be conditionally distinguished: combat training, service and combat activities, and real combat operations.
Combat training is a system of measures for the training and education of military personnel, combat service of units and subunits to prepare them for conducting joint combat operations or performing other tasks. This training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat effectiveness of units and subunits, that is, their ability to successfully conduct combat operations and perform combat missions.
Combat training ensures a high military-professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime and includes classes, exercises, live firing, training, during which military personnel study military regulations, weapons and military equipment, methods of action in battle, and subunits and units work out methods of action. when performing combat missions.
Combat training has a number of features. It has a clearly expressed collective orientation and is organized in such a way that in the course of training individual military personnel are simultaneously trained and military units are being prepared for joint operations. This is basically a practical training aimed at mastering by soldiers weapons and military equipment and their skillful use in battle.
The highest form of combat training is exercises in which methods of using weapons and military equipment in combat are worked out, and combat coordination of subunits and units is carried out. The exercises are carried out in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment as close as possible to combat.
Service and combat activities are designed to ensure a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units - their ability in any conditions to start military operations on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into combat operations, and in wartime, the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.
Service and combat activities include combat duty, guard and internal service.
Combat duty is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits and are in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations. The composition of the forces and means on duty includes combat crews, crews of ships, de-
Women belong to the third category of the reserve, having military ranks officers - are in the reserve up to 50 years, and the rest - up to 45 years.
Citizens who have reached age limit in the reserve or declared unfit for military service for health reasons, are transferred to the resignation and removed from military registration.
Questions and tasks
1. What are the terms in the Russian Federation for the conscription of citizens for military service?
3. What items are military personnel allowed to store in their bedside table?
5. List the main types of military activities. Which one do you think is the most important and why?
6. What is the purpose of creating a reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
7. Prepare a message on the purpose and content of military service by conscription or military service under contract.
Ensuring the security of military service | General requirements to be the dangers of military service
military service security- is to ensure the security of military personnel, the population and the environment natural environment from threats arising in the course of the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The security of military service is carried out in accordance with the following principles: ensuring the priority of the life and health of people in the organization of the daily activities of the troops; compliance with the law; the adequacy of the measures taken to threats to the security of military service; the complexity and continuous preventive focus of the measures taken; a clear delineation of the functions, powers and responsibilities of military command and control bodies and military officials; state guarantees of the rights and socio-economic support of military personnel in case of harm to their life and health.
Security requirements that determine the security of military personnel are established legislative acts and regulatory and technical documentation, rules and instructions. In order to fulfill these requirements, briefings are conducted with military personnel, which are divided into introductory, primary, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.
Introductory briefings are conducted by officials of the department of the military unit: with all military personnel - upon their arrival for military service; with students and cadets who arrived at the unit for practice (internship) - before it begins; with persons seconded to the unit - upon their arrival at the unit. The introductory briefing program is approved by the commander of the military unit.
Primary briefings are conducted by unit commanders directly at the places of performance of official and special duties individually with each newly arrived serviceman, practically showing safe techniques and methods for performing these duties.
Repeated briefings are also conducted by unit commanders under the programs of primary briefings at least once every six months.
Unscheduled briefings are conducted by unit commanders when new instructions on security requirements are introduced, new weapons, machinery and equipment arrive, receive reviews and information about incidents, identify violations of security measures by military personnel; breaks in the performance of warriors official duties over two months.
Target briefings of personnel are carried out before taking up combat duty (combat service); in preparation for guard duty; each time when performing work associated with increased danger; when transporting military personnel "and explosive cargoes by all means of transport; upon departure on business trips and vacations; in emergency situations; at the beginning of the swimming season - on the rules of swimming; and also in other cases by decision of the unit or formation commander.
I Doom prevention
| and tr avmatism of military personnel
Commanders and chiefs are obliged to take measures to prevent the death and injury of servicemen. The most important of these measures are:
When organizing and carrying out combat duty, it is necessary to determine the necessary security requirements corresponding to the degrees of combat readiness and allowing timely performance of suddenly arising tasks; the admission of military personnel to combat duty is permitted only after they have been trained in safe methods of performing their duties, actions in emergency and emergency situations, and the rules for providing first aid to victims of accidents;
When working with weapons and military equipment, it is necessary to ensure that it is carried out in strict accordance with the established technological requirements; the admission of military personnel to the right to operate technical means to perform work on their maintenance and repair is allowed only after training and passing the test for the right to work independently;
When carrying out combat training measures, security measures must be provided and those responsible for their implementation should be identified; special attention should be paid to the selection and professional training of class leaders, the equipment of their venues, the serviceability of weapons and military equipment, imitation tools, and the ability of personnel to comply with safety requirements in the classroom.
When personnel perform guard and internal services, special attention should be focused on compliance with safety requirements when handling weapons, the psychological readiness of each serviceman to perform their duties, and ensuring systematic monitoring of the performance of day-to-day duties by officials of their functional duties.
I Medical support security military service
Medical support for military personnel is a set of measures to preserve and strengthen their health, provide them with medical care, treatment and the fastest recovery of working capacity and combat capability after illnesses and injuries. This provision includes sanitary and epidemiological supervision, anti-epidemic and therapeutic and preventive measures, the supply of medical equipment and property, the scientific development of military medicine problems, and ensuring high combat and mobilization readiness of the medical service.
Military personnel and citizens called up for military training have the right to free medical care and free
paid provision of medicines, other medical equipment by prescription of doctors in military medical institutions. For the medical support of servicemen, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has a wide network of military medical institutions, which includes 220 military hospitals with approximately 65,000 beds. Among them are such highly specialized medical institutions as the Main Military Clinical Hospital. N. N. Burdenko and the Central Military Clinical Hospital. A. A. Vishnevsky. Every year, more than 700,000 people are treated in military hospitals, about 200,000 surgeries and more than 25 million diagnostic tests are performed. In addition to hospitals, there are 153 outpatient and polyclinic institutions, 44 sanatoriums and rest homes for 22,000 beds at the service of military personnel.
2. Operational and combat activities of the troops
The operational and combat activity of the NKVD troops is the performance of sudden, urgent service-combat and combat missions to search for, capture and eliminate enemy landings, sabotage groups and enemy agents, bandit, insurgent and nationalist formations that resist armed criminals, violators of military laws time. Forms, methods, methods of their implementation belonged to the sections "Special Tactics" or "Special Operations". To solve operational-combat tasks, military formations, units, subunits, detachments, groups, individual military personnel could be assigned; officers of the NKVD troops. Tasks related to reconnaissance, search, detention, capture of armed persons or small groups were solved by separate detachments, subunits, in accordance with the provisions of special tactics; the fight against sabotage groups, bandit or nationalist formations was carried out in the form of special operations (Chekist, operational-Chekist, Chekist-military, operational-military) formations, units, military groups based on the developed plans for this event. During the Great Patriotic War special operations were carried out with the involvement of the unarmed local population, but under the leadership of officers from the NKVD troops or local bodies of the NKVD, the police and in the presence of an armed military or police reserve.
The main types of outfits were: checkpoints or checkpoints (checkpoints), reconnaissance and search groups (RPGs), ambushes, search groups (PG), maneuver groups (MG), operational military groups (OVG), barriers, secrets, posts observations.
Most important elements battle formations in major operations were groups: blocking, search, cordon, inspection of the area (combing), continuous checking of documents (raids), reserve. Auxiliary elements of the battle formation in operations could be: pursuit groups, observation posts, patrol groups, guard or vehicle traffic control posts, secrets, patrols. Depending on the operational situation, operations were carried out different ways: Blocked area search, non-blockaded area search, directional search, full search, selective search, directional search, object search, pursuit, surrounding.
Checkpoints (checkpoints) as part of a squad, platoon are one of the main types of outfits that were not elements of battle formations, but were used in all operations of the NKVD troops as an integral part of security measures. The personnel of the detachment were put up on the routes of mass movement of the civilian population and military personnel in order to completely check documents proving their identity and the need to be on the territory in accordance with the requirements of security measures carried out according to the laws of wartime or orders of the military command. During the check of documents, the personnel of the checkpoint identified and detained people who did not have identity cards or those who had such, but expired or fake, also detained persons who were suspected of belonging to a hostile or criminal element. In order to prevent attempts by persons who did not want to go through the checkpoint to bypass it, secrets and ambushes were set up in the most likely directions of their movement. In the daytime, these functions were performed by observation posts. The reserve of the head of the checkpoint carried out all the detentions and escorts.
The secret is a hidden post for monitoring the surrounding area on the most probable routes of movement of enemy sabotage groups and landings, bandit formations, and wanted persons. An outfit consisting of 2–3 fighters is set up for a certain time, after which it leaves the place of the task on its own. The secret service is not checked due to the secrecy of the location of the squad. Depending on the situation, the secret could perform the task of an ambush.
Ambush - a hidden group, a unit for the sudden capture or destruction of the enemy, gang. The outfit was exhibited in places where they were most likely to appear. If necessary, the squad could only capture. Quantitative composition ambushes depended on the task being performed and could consist of 2-3 people to several units. A large ambush could include a capture group, a cover group, and observation posts.
Reconnaissance and search groups performed tasks as part of a squad or platoon in isolation from their bases. The outfit was intended for reconnaissance, search and destruction of sabotage groups and enemy agents, gangs of criminal and political persuasion, in areas where they are likely to be located. RPGs could become an element of battle order in "search in directions" operations. The detachment advanced to the area of the task in marching order, as it approached the object where the search object could hide (forest, bushes), the unit built a chain and began to move. The distance in the chain between the servicemen was set such that the soldiers could constantly maintain visual and fire communication with their neighbor. After passing the search object, the chain folded into a marching column and continued to move to the next object. Reconnaissance of the enemy was carried out with the help of local residents, employees of the NKVD and the police, following the tracks and material evidence found in the search area. After detecting the enemy, the RPG covered his location from two or three sides, offered to surrender, in case of refusal or resistance, the outfit opened fire to kill.
Search groups were appointed to search for deserters, terrorists, saboteurs, especially dangerous armed criminals, fugitives from custody when their location and identity were known. To detain or capture one especially dangerous criminal, 3–4 people were assigned to the squad, if a small gang was wanted, the PG composition should have included the number of fighters 2–3 times the number of wanted persons.
Maneuvering groups of 130-260 people (14 units were formed) were created on the eve of the war from the personnel of the border detachments of the western regions of the country to assist the operational units of the NKVD troops in the fight against gangs, rebel, nationalist and sabotage formations. MGs did not have a permanent location, they moved at the direction of the Directorate of Operational Forces to build up forces and means in areas with an aggravated operational situation to perform private combat missions or participate in hostilities as part of military groups together with units of operational units or other troops of the NKVD. Main component organizational structure the maneuver group consisted of separate platoons.
Operational military groups were intended to search for especially dangerous criminals or enemy agents in settlements and other places where they were most likely to be found. The composition of the OVG is a rifle company. The unit was divided into 7-10 subgroups of 5-7 people each, a reserve of 10-12 people was allocated. The composition of the operational-military group included 3-4 employees from the local bodies of the NKVD and the police. Each subgroup received a task for the day to work out 7-12 objects. In the village, this is a residential building, a utility yard, a personal plot. Each subgroup was armed with metal 1.5-2-meter pins for probing the likely places of caches, stacks of straw and haystacks, and places of storage of grain crops. In addition, they were armed with thick checkers for undermining obstacles where the probe could not penetrate, wire loops or metal hooks for overturning haystacks. During the search, the outfit subjected to inspection all the premises in the residential building, sheds, cellars; all walls, floor, ceiling were tapped to find voids. Each settlement, depending on the situation, was subjected to operational military action for 2–3 days or a day later. Operations with extensive use of operational-military groups were carried out in 1944–1945 and later.
Barriers were put up in the form of separate outfits to block likely routes to important military facilities or to prevent exits from the area of operations by sabotage groups, bandit, nationalist, and other hostile formations. Barriers could be an element of the battle formation of a blocking group in large operational-troop operations. The composition of the barrier - squad, platoon, company. The squad consisted of 3-4 outfits of 2-3 people at intervals from 25 to 150 m, depending on the terrain. A platoon could cover the line up to 1.5, a company up to 5 km. In order to keep secret the location of the main part of the unit, the barriers could put up their own outfits: observation posts, secrets, send patrols to separate directions. The barriers were exposed and served covertly in compliance with the strict requirements of camouflage. For the enemy, the appearance of a barrier in the way of their movement should have been invariably sudden.
Blocking - an integral part of measures to prevent the enemy from leaving the area of conducting an operational-troop operation, is carried out by a blocking group. Depending on the type of operation, the blocking group could perform the task with barriers, ambushes, secrets, patrol groups, and an overlap group.
Search is the main component of operations or activities to search for criminals, saboteurs, bandits, and other hostile and criminal elements. It was carried out by a search group in operational military operations or by separate detachments. The ultimate goal of the search is to find the whereabouts of the wanted individuals or groups, and, in addition, their capture or destruction, if there was a combat order to do so. The battle formation of the search group is a chain, the intervals in which depended on the task being solved, terrain conditions, time of day and weather. In especially difficult conditions, the fighters in the chain were exhibited in pairs.
The main types of operational-troop search operations were: search in a blockaded area, search in an unblocked area, search in directions, selective search, search on objects.
Search operations in a blockaded area were carried out when their results depended on the success of military operations on an army or front-line scale or events of a similar level. The operations were considered to be the most effective, but required the involvement of a significant amount of manpower and resources. The elements of the order of battle were the blocking group, the search group, the reserve. The search group could conduct one-way (chain movement in one direction) or counter (movement of continuous chains towards each other) search. The intervals in a single chain without breaks did not exceed 10–15 steps, the rate of movement was 1–2 km/h.
Search operations in an unblocked area were considered less effective, but they required a significantly smaller number of people, time to organize and conduct. The elements of the order of battle were the search group and the reserve. At the final line of the search and in the directions of the most probable withdrawal of the enemy from the search area, barriers, observation posts, and other types of outfits could be set up. The intervals in the chain were 29–30 steps, the search rate depended on the terrain conditions and could be from 2 to 4 km/h. This type was most often carried out operational-military operations.
Operations in the directions were carried out in the absence of data on the location of the wanted persons or groups. The elements of the battle formation were reconnaissance and search groups and a reserve. RPGs could search from their original position in parallel, divergent or converging routes.
Operative-military selective operations were carried out in conditions when the area of possible location of wanted persons or groups had no definite boundaries and there was no information about their whereabouts. The most probable zone or small settlement of the enemy was determined, a search was conducted there, and based on its results and information received from the local population, a decision was made on the further course of the operation. The elements of the battle formation were reconnaissance and search groups and a reserve. Observation posts could be set up in certain directions. In settlements, the search was carried out by a complete check of the documents of the people located there for the right to live and stay in a given farm, village, village, aul. The inspection was carried out, as a rule, in the presence of representatives of local authorities and the police.
Search operations on objects (on objects) were carried out by search groups as part of a squad or platoon, depending on the size of the object. The elements of the order of battle were: a survey (search) group, a group to cover the most likely routes of escape for the wanted, observation posts, and a reserve.
The cordon is an integral part of the operational-troop operation to search for a hostile and criminal element in places of mass congestion of the civilian population and military personnel (raids). The cordon was carried out by a chain at intervals between the fighters at arm's length. Checkpoints were part of the cordon.
Encirclement - a way to isolate wanted individuals or groups found during the operation. The personnel assigned to the encirclement group built the battle formation in such a way that, by maneuvering, the fighters at any moment could be in the path of movement of people trying to break through the encirclement line. Elements of battle order - encirclement group, observation posts and reserve. The composition of the environment group depended on the situation.
The pursuit of the enemy, bandits, individuals discovered during the operation could be carried out by pursuit groups in frontal or parallel methods. Frontal method - the movement of pursuers after the object of persecution, which was constantly or periodically viewed visually. Parallel pursuit was conducted by pursuit teams along parallel routes, out of sight of the fugitive or fugitives. The purpose of the persecution was to force them to stop, then to envelop or encircle. In the presence of a combat order, capture or destruction was carried out.
These were the methods, techniques, forms, tactics of individual outfits. military units and divisions of the NKVD troops in operational military operations in the fight against a hostile and criminal element in the pre-war period; their significant improvement refers to the period of the Great Patriotic War.
At the beginning of the war
With the first shots fired at the border, the operational-combat activity of the NKVD troops began to acquire a wide scope. From everywhere, the military units of the NKVD began to receive information from local residents about the armed uprising of nationalist formations and the appearance of enemy landings. To combat those and others, first of all, the personnel of the border detachments and other parts of the NKVD troops were sent. In the extremely difficult conditions of the military situation and the operational situation in the front line that is difficult to describe, the personnel of the NKVD troops successfully carried out a number of operations against nationalist formations. So, on June 26, 1941, in the front line of the North-Western Front, the personnel of the 5th operational motorized rifle regiment liquidated a detachment of over 120 people, consisting of nationalist groups, and several small formations.
However, the operational-combat actions of the NKVD troops in the front line did not last long. Due to the circumstances, the Military Councils of the fronts began to involve parts of the NKVD in the performance of tasks for the protection and defense of important objects of military importance. The fight against gangs and nationalist formations itself faded into the background. Often, the commanders of the NKVD units had operational information about the whereabouts of nationalist or criminal gangs and even sabotage groups, but were forced not to react to the situation, continuing to follow the orders of higher authorities. Examples of this kind could be observed in the use of the Tallinn and Riga operational regiments and the border units of the NKVD troops in the Baltic. The results were immediate. Thus, in the first seven days of the war, only 15 sabotage groups and nationalist bandit formations were liquidated in the frontline zone of the North-Western, Western and South-Western fronts, while from one regiment "Brandenburg-800" in the same territories there were over 100 sabotage groups.
At the beginning of the war, sabotage and other hostile formations operated, as a rule, in the operational rear of the defending troops of the Red Army, therefore the fight against them was carried out by units of the NKVD troops located nearby. The organization of operations, as a rule, was carried out in a hurry, in conditions of lack of time, without the availability of reliable data on the enemy, without a sufficient number of personnel. The main method of operations was search in an unblocked area by a chain or search in directions by reconnaissance and search groups.
The lack of information about the enemy forced the command of the units, in the course of making decisions about the operation, to use large areas for its implementation. Therefore, selective search operations, as well as searches in an unblocked area, were used quite often. Operations were carried out in a short time, however, they often ended with positive results. They can be explained by the fact that after receiving operational information about the enemy and until the moment of his capture or destruction, a minimum of time passed, no more than 3-6 hours. A large expenditure of time often led to the fact that the enemy had time to change his place of residence, and it took a lot of time to conduct the pursuit, which the personnel did not have. The situation in the frontline changed frequently, it was unacceptable to leave your unit for a long time, there were already many servicemen who lagged behind their units.
During a joint retreat with units of the Red Army, information about the location of sabotage groups often came from military intelligence or field guards of the Red Army units. In this case, verification and re-verification of the received information about the enemy was not required, which made it possible to make a decision to eliminate him in the course of movement and immediately. The personnel assigned to perform a combat mission, more often a platoon, on the move carried out coverage or encirclement of the location of the enemy. When they refused to surrender, the personnel opened fire to kill. So, after the location of the enemy landing force was discovered by the head marching outpost of the 3rd regiment of the operational NKVD troops, it took only 2 hours to carry out the operation to destroy the sabotage group. Another example. The newly landed enemy landing was discovered by military intelligence officers a few kilometers from the marching column of the Red Army regiment. The regiment commander sent a reserve company in vehicles to the landing site. The personnel on the move launched an attack on the landing force, which did not have time to fully prepare for defense. In the course of a short battle, the enemy was eliminated in short time Everything about everything took 3 hours. The tactics of the personnel in this case were distinguished by swiftness, the reserve commander immediately threw out one platoon from both sides of the location of the landing force, carried out coverage, then destroyed the enemy landing force with fire from the spot.
According to the author, it is important to get acquainted with the data on the time spent on organizing operations to eliminate enemy sabotage groups and landing forces in the conditions of withdrawal of fronts, when the personnel were in constant combat readiness. The assessment of the situation was carried out during the march or at short stops. At the same time, there was little or no data on the enemy, there was nothing to analyze, the capabilities of their personnel, weather conditions did not need to be assessed, the plan of the operation was determined taking into account existing experience. Decisions on operations were made initially as preliminary, but with subsequent adjustments for real conditions after reaching the initial position. Time for this work in the field was spent from 0.5 to 1.5 hours. For the same work, when the units were in the garrisons, it took from 3 to 6 hours.
It is a different matter if a sabotage group or an enemy landing force landed in front-line areas. In these cases, operational information about their landing in the military unit of the NKVD came from local residents (according to experience, within 2–4 hours), the transfer of personnel to their original position took from 3 to 6 hours, and it also took 3–3 hours to organize and conduct the operation. 6 hours. It turns out that the average time the enemy spent in the front line was 10-11 hours. Saboteurs were thrown out more often at night. If the enemy’s military or otherwise conducted reconnaissance in a given territory was organized in an appropriate way, the enemy landing during this time could not take active actions and adequately prepare for defense.
In the initial period of the war, in rapidly changing conditions, in the process of organizing an operation, its leader, due to a lack of intelligence data on the quantitative composition of a sabotage group or a nationalist formation, as a rule, could not analyze the balance of forces and determine the required number of personnel for its implementation. In these cases, the available fighters and commanders participated in the operations. Because the balance of power in successful operations in most cases it was 1:7–1:9 not in favor of the NKVD troops. There were many cases when the operational-combat task was successfully solved with a ratio of forces of 1: 2–1: 3, but at the same time, the time to organize the operation increased significantly, and the loss of personnel also increased.
Summarizing, we can state: the operational-combat activity of the NKVD troops in the first months of the war was not systemic and was not based in the decisions of the command staff on conducting operations or military actions on reliable information, due to its absence. The operations were carried out covering large areas with a constant shortage of personnel to conduct search operations. Due to lack of time, operations began without careful preparation and proper interaction between detachments and subunits, which often led to the withdrawal of part of the enemy forces from under fire.
1942 Improving operational and combat activities
At the beginning of 1942, the NKVD troops were tasked with intensifying the fight against spies, sabotage and other hostile formations in the front line, at protected facilities and adjacent territories, in cooperation with the territorial bodies of the NKVD and the police, to clear cities and other settlements from enemy agents, criminal element. Military units and even formations of the NKVD troops were involved in the performance of operational-combat tasks by separate units and even in full force. So, the 10th rifle division of the internal troops, on the orders of the NKVD of the USSR, from March 17 to 22, 1942, over and over again, simultaneously throughout the entire territory of Stalingrad, carried out a large-scale operation to clean up the city. The task was carried out by checking the documents of all citizens and military personnel without exception on the streets, during the inspection of attics, basements and storage facilities, residential and non-residential buildings in order to detain persons without documents or with those, but expired or forged Each unit (squad, platoon) a section of the area with residential and non-residential buildings was determined, on which it performed the task of searching for objects. IN apartment building the object of the search was the floor. The detainees were sent to filtration points. During the operation in Stalingrad, 9 enemy agents and about 300 people who had previously committed various kinds of crimes were detained.
The forces of the internal troops and units of the NKVD troops for the protection of the rear search operations were carried out in the settlements and in the adjacent territories, liberated from the Nazi invaders. The purpose of performing operational and combat missions was to capture agents, henchmen and accomplices of the enemy, deserters, marauders. Search operations on objects were carried out in the same settlements several times and at different times of the day. Operations were carried out by units of the NKVD troops to check documents in places of mass congestion of citizens and military personnel (raids): in the markets, railway stations, at river crossings. In some cases, raids were carried out in populated areas, in cases where there was operational data about enemy agents hiding in them, proteges and accomplices of the enemy. The elements of the order of battle were: a search group for objects, an overlap group and a reserve. In these cases, instead of a cordon group at the exits from the settlement, observation posts, secrets or ambushes were set up. On the most probable routes of escape from the settlement of the wanted persons or groups, the reserve of the head of the operation was placed. The organization of the task was invariably carried out at night, with the expectation that the signal about its beginning would be received by the search units for objects at dawn. The operations were carried out, as a rule, by the forces of the battalion, while the concept of the event and the course of its implementation were coordinated with the local bodies of the NKVD and the police, which in most cases became participants in the operation. During the operation, without exception, all persons trying to leave the settlement were detained. The results of round-ups in settlements were most often successful. For example, during operations in April 1942 in a number of settlements in the Stalingrad region, 2,327 criminals and accomplices of the enemy were identified from among the detainees.
In the summer of 1942, the operational situation outside the front line of the central and southern directions of the Soviet-German front developed in such a way that it was precisely there that the hostile and criminal element was concentrated to a greater extent. There was a need to carry out activities to clean up the area from an undesirable contingent. One of the forms of combating it was sudden checks of people moving at night along the roads on foot or in vehicles, another way was to carry out operations to comb forests, bushes and weeds by the military units of the NKVD and the Red Army, local bodies of the NKVD and police with the help of the local population.
Sudden checks were carried out by personnel of the military units of the NKVD. Operational groups consisting of 30–40 people were formed from duty units in the regiments of troops, who could perform tasks within a radius of up to 40 km from the place of deployment. The outfits blocked along one line the most probable directions of movement of gangs, agents and accomplices of the enemy. On each of the roads on the line, checkpoints were set up, between which secrets, ambushes or barriers served to detain people trying to bypass the checkpoint. The plans of operations were coordinated by the command of military units with special departments of higher army headquarters, local departments of the NKVD and the police, settlement or local village councils.
Operations to comb the area were carried out by the territorial bodies of the NKVD and the police on their own or in cooperation with the military units of the NKVD. The author at the age of thirteen had a chance to take part in one of these operations.
1942, the beginning of autumn. The front is 100–150 kilometers away. One sunny morning, the director of the Budarinsky high school Stalingrad region, before the start of classes, he built a ruler and made an announcement that high school students, together with teachers, would participate in the operation of combing the thickets of weeds, classes were canceled. Then, in an excited voice, he ordered everyone to immediately run home, leave notebooks and books, take a piece of bread, and in one hour again stand on the ruler.
After that very hour, not a line was lined up in front of the school, but a column of boys and girls in classes, headed by teachers, class teachers. The director did not allow separate groups of boys and girls in the classes. The head of the regional police department appeared in front of the column, told what and how to do when the operation began, that armed policemen would go ahead of the chain, and a Red Army squad behind with rifles. He also said that during the movement, the task of each student and teacher is to detect a stranger in the weeds, immediately sit on the ground and transmit the “Stop” signal through the chain with a voice, and so that no one then takes any other actions. Class teachers were charged with the duty to ensure that the distance between students was no more than ten steps.
For an hour and a half, the school convoy was gathering dust on the way to the operation site. The mood is upbeat: still, it would be necessary to catch the bandits who stole bread from the collective farm barn in the neighboring area. Groups of women, workers of regional institutions and collective farmers from nearby farms joined the school column along the way.
The chain was lined up on a country road, to the right and left weeds to the chest and above. There were two dozen students in the classroom, about an equal number of boys and girls. At school, there was an order that they would always sit at the desk in pairs. The class teacher built a chain in the same way, with the alternation of those who sat at the desk with whom. The militiamen took up their revolvers and went forward. The squad of fighters was left behind, along with them the chief of the regional department and two more militiamen. In this formation, the search group went ahead. The girls immediately began to walk so as to be closer to the guys. And those proud of their mission walked with their heads held high. Work was worth it class teachers maintain intervals in the chain. The pace of movement slowed down every now and then, the girls did not wear trousers then, and the weeds were tall and prickly, they now and then had to move the stems of plants away from their feet. Conducted observation on the sides and forward mostly representatives of the stronger sex.
The chain went on for a long time, until finally it came to some kind of beam. The head of the regional department immediately gave the command “Hang up”. The participants of the operation did not find anyone in the tall thickets, and everyone was glad that they could go home.
A lot of such activities to clean up the area were carried out, a large number of military personnel and the local population were involved in their implementation. Practice, however, has shown that such operations involving significant forces had good results, but were complex in organizational terms, a lot of time was spent on their implementation. In this regard, in order to carry out operational and combat missions in all troops of the NKVD, the tactics of reconnaissance and search groups, tested in border troops. In a number of instructions of the NKVD of the USSR on improving the service, the emphasis was on the fact that the methods for fulfilling the tasks of the RPG should form the basis of all operational and combat activities in the troops. A special instruction on the tactics of reconnaissance and search groups was even issued and distributed among the troops.
The ease of organization, efficiency and maneuverability of the outfit quickly gained popularity among the NKVD troops. The outfits solved many operational and combat missions. RPGs were sent to certain most probable directions of movement or location of persons subject to detention or liquidation in case of resistance. The quantitative composition of the RPG depended on the task being performed and in the spring of 1942 ranged from 5-7 to 10-12 people who served in isolation from their unit for 10-12 hours. However, already at the beginning of the summer, the number of personnel in reconnaissance and search groups increased to 20-25 people, organizationally - a platoon. This number of people in the composition of the RPG is most widespread. This was due to the fact that in the liquidation of even small sabotage groups and bandit formations, the reconnaissance and search groups in the composition before the separation were most often unable to fully cope with a well-trained and armed sabotage group. According to the well-known tactics of the bandits, they actively acted if they had a numerical superiority. When the number of reconnaissance and search groups doubled and even tripled, as a rule, small sabotage groups were eliminated without much difficulty. RPGs as part of a platoon successfully eliminated gangs of up to 16 people, i.e., with a ratio of forces of 1:4. Enemy sabotage groups, the number of which in 1942 ranged from 3-4 to 6-8 people, were confidently destroyed with a ratio of forces from 1:3 to 1:5 in favor of reconnaissance and search groups.
The commander of the squad or platoon was appointed senior attire. The basis of the RPG tactics was an active search in a given area or direction. In cases when the detachment detected the enemy, the personnel reorganized into a chain at intervals of 10-25 steps between the fighters, carried out rapprochement under the cover of a sniper with 6-8-meter jerks, threw grenades at the enemy, pursued him if he left the scene of the clash.
Experience shows that the results of performing an operational-combat mission were more successful if a platoon commander or an assistant company commander for reconnaissance was appointed senior officer. As an example, we can consider the practice of performing operational-combat tasks by the personnel of the NKVD troops to protect the rear of the Bryansk Front. Under the leadership of an RPG operative of the 18th border regiment active search and by decisive action over the course of several days, she detained about forty enemy agents and persons who had committed various crimes in the front line. In the rear of the Western Front, the RPG from the 88th Border Regiment, consisting of 10 fighters under the leadership of the platoon commander, was able to timely detect and then destroy the German paratroopers in the amount of more than two dozen soldiers and officers.
In cases where a meeting with a large gang or sabotage group was supposed, by decision of the senior commander or by mutual agreement, reconnaissance and search groups were united for joint actions. At the same time, the success of the joint group largely depended on the strength of the connections between the outfits and the clarity of interaction between them.
Since the spring of 1942, a new form of solving operational-combat tasks began to be used in the NKVD troops - Chekist-military groups (CHVG). The group included 30-40 fighters and commanders, 2-3 operatives from the intelligence departments of the NKVD units or representatives of the special departments of the Red Army formations. The main purpose of the ChVG was to search for, capture employees of the intelligence and counterintelligence agencies of the enemy, as well as to search for and eliminate his sabotage groups. The tasks of the Chekist-military groups were more complex and responsible in comparison with the RPG, but the ChVG also had more capabilities. Advancing to the area of the probable location of enemy agents, the ChVG conducted reconnaissance and search for the enemy with the help of local assistance brigades, the NKVD and the police.
However, the Chekist-military groups did not receive much development. The main reason was the constant cooperation with the local bodies of the NKVD and the police, who had a lot of their own affairs. There were no agents in the NKVD troops, no assistance brigades either.
With the onset of the summer of 1942, the NKVD troops carried out a number of large Chekist-troop operations covering large territories and with the involvement of significant forces and means to clear the area from a hostile and criminal element. According to the unified plan of the senior operational chief, the area of \u200b\u200bthe probable location of the enemy and bandit formations was blocked by separate ambushes or barriers, in which the Chekist-military and reconnaissance-search groups, under the leadership of operational officers of the intelligence departments of the NKVD units, conducted reconnaissance and search. In this case, as a rule, the survey of the area was carried out by RPG and CWG in divergent directions from a single point.
However, the scope of such operations did not always correspond to the results, primarily due to the fact that actions to search for enemy sabotage groups, bandit groups were carried out by purely military methods, without the availability of reliable intelligence data.
An example is the conduct of an operation on the orders of the leadership of the NKVD troops to protect the rear of the Central Front. On June 26, 1942, 28 reconnaissance and search groups numbering from 10 to 40 people were involved in the search for and elimination of paratroopers of unknown numbers from NKVD units located within a radius of 50-70 km from the proposed landing site, one KGB military group of 35 people, one fighter battalion, up to 100 members of the assistance brigades, 150 activists from nearby villages, three checkpoints were set up under the leadership of intelligence commanders. RPGs were searching, setting up ambushes on the likely routes of the enemy’s movement, and a thorough check of documents was carried out at the checkpoint. The NKVD of the Orel and Kursk regions were informed about the content of the operational situation. The operation lasted several days, but it was all in vain. As it turned out later, only one paratrooper was thrown from the plane.
In July 1942, the NKVD troops carried out a number of Chekist-military operations in the Caucasus to eliminate various kinds of bandit formations. To perform operational and combat missions, in each specific case, special units or task forces. The need to create special forces was conditioned by the conditions of the terrain, the difficulties of communication and the provision of all the necessary personnel, the absence in most cases of agent connections and data on bandits and bandits.
The operational group is the same reconnaissance and search group in the amount of 20–25 fighters and commanders from parts of the NKVD troops, but reinforced by one or two or more authorized representatives from local NKVD bodies.
Special detachments did not have a certain number of personnel and structure. They were formed depending on the goals and conditions for solving an operational-combat mission. So, by order of the commander of the 58th Army of September 11, 1942, on the basis of the order of the NKVD of the USSR, a detachment of 600 people was created from the 237th and 268th rifle regiments of the Makhachkala rifle division NKVD. Somewhat later, another detachment of 450 people was created from the 268th and 284th regiments.
September 21, 1942 on the basis of the order of the head of the NKVD troops for the protection of the rear northern group troops of the Transcaucasian Front in the rear of the 1st militia division, a detachment was formed, which included 510 people from the NKVD units, 263 from the 1st militia division, 125 from the Red Army units, 40 from local NKVD bodies and 80 from fighter detachments.
Operational groups were sent in separate directions to the area where the gang was supposed to be located or to the place where illegal or hostile actions were committed by the criminal group. The commissioners, through their connections, found out the whereabouts or the direction of the gang's departure. In accordance with the information received, the task force conducted a search or pursuit. After the discovery of the bandits, the personnel fettered their actions with fire, carried out the coverage and destruction. In the case of sudden actions for the bandits, the operational groups were successful. So, an operational group of 20 people in the villages of Khushtodag and Kholdaga liquidated two gangs at the end of June 1942 total strength 30 bandits. Operations were also successful in other villages.
However, such operations of operational and reconnaissance and search groups were lengthy in time and often ended unsuccessfully. The operations of special detachments from units of the NKVD troops, the Red Army and fighter detachments did not have much success.
The reason for failure in all cases was the same. The personnel of the NKVD units, who ended up in the Caucasus, had absolutely no experience of operational-combat operations in mountainous conditions. Operations invariably required guides who were not always reliable. But the main drawback at the beginning of the activities of the NKVD troops was the lack of assistance brigades and undercover communications. Performing operational and combat missions only by military methods, the personnel of the troops could not count on success. At the same time, the gangs included people from among the local residents who knew the ways and paths in the mountains, relatives and trusted persons living in the villages, who timely informed the gangs about the movements of the NKVD troops and their activities. The activities of the authorized local bodies of the NKVD in matters of gang intelligence were not always active, and the information received was not always reliable. All this allowed the leaders of the bandit groups to successfully maneuver and evade pursuit and clashes. The gangs suffered losses in skirmishes with the personnel of the NKVD troops, often broke away from persecution, left trophies in the form of stolen horses, cattle, and looted collective farm grain.
Revealing the shortcomings of the operational and combat activities of the NKVD troops in the Caucasus, the head of the NKVD troops for the protection of the rear of the Transcaucasian Front, in an order dated August 13, 1942, noted that the KGB intelligence agencies had not yet fully deployed their work, could not establish close contacts with local NKVD bodies , therefore, they cannot timely reveal the links of bandit formations with local residents, identify their routes of movement and places of shelter. The order set the task for the NKVD troops to immediately establish contact with the territorial bodies of the NKVD, jointly develop measures to eliminate sabotage and bandit groups, constantly exchange information on the development of the operational situation, on the creation of assistance brigades, and the establishment of undercover ties with the local population.
In addition, the order noted shortcomings in the organization and performance of service and combat missions. In particular, the document focused on omissions in matters of physical and special training of personnel and in the selection of fighters and commanders to perform operational and combat missions as part of a toga or other type of outfit. The document also drew attention to the fact that operational groups, reconnaissance and search groups, barriers often perform service and combat missions in isolation from the location of their military units and subunits, while they must come into contact with the local population, receive the necessary information, and also to achieve by their behavior a good attitude towards the soldiers and commanders of the Red Army.
The measures taken in the NKVD troops to improve the organization of the performance of service and combat tasks gave positive results. There have been repeated cases when individual operational groups, in the course of conducting operations, liquidated bandit formations that significantly outnumber them. So, at the end of October 1942, in the Tabasaran region, an operational group consisting of 22 fighters and commanders liquidated a detachment of bandits ten times larger than the OG. At the same time, two dozen bandits were destroyed and 215 were taken prisoner.
Special detachments began to operate more successfully in the process of carrying out operational and combat missions to eliminate large gangs. Having operational data on the area where the enemy was located and reliable guides, the detachments blocked the exits from his territory, then carried out search and destruction. As a result of one such operation on October 10, 1942, a detachment of bandits numbering up to 1000 people was defeated in the Mekhkta and Agishta mountains. At the same time, 247 bandits were taken prisoner, more than a thousand heads of cattle were repulsed and transferred to the population.
In the process of performing operational-combat tasks by the personnel of the NKVD troops, service-search dogs were widely used, especially in the Caucasus region. Here, in the autumn of 1942, in a number of areas affected by banditry, with the help of four-legged assistants, more than 20% of the total number of hostile and criminal elements identified by search and reconnaissance search groups were found hiding in secluded places.
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Service and combat activities are aimed primarily at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, i.e. the ability of troops in any situation to start military operations on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.
Service and combat activities include: combat duty, guard and internal service.
Combat duty– this is the presence of specially allocated forces and means in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations. Combat duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of command posts, etc.
Training of personnel for combat duty is carried out as part of subunits, combat crews, duty shifts before each entry into combat duty.
362. It is prohibited to assign to combat duty (combat service) military personnel who have not been sworn in by the military oath, who have not mastered the appropriate training program in the prescribed amount, who have committed offenses that are under investigation, and who are sick.
For unused days off in connection with combat duty and holidays military personnel (except for military servicemen on conscription) are provided with rest during the week.
Article 367. The commander of the forces and assets on duty (operational officer on duty, head of the shift, crew, officer on duty of the command post) is prohibited from giving orders to personnel that distract him from his duties of combat duty and may lead to a disruption in the performance of a combat mission.
The personnel of the shift on duty while on combat duty are prohibited from:
Transfer to anyone, even if temporarily, the performance of duties on combat duty without the permission of the commander of the forces and means on duty (operational duty officer, shift chief, crew, duty command post);
To be distracted, to engage in affairs not related to the performance of duties on combat duty;
Arbitrarily leave a combat post or other place of combat duty;
Carry out work on weapons and military equipment reducing their readiness.
In the military unit (subdivision) from which on-duty forces and means are allocated, the dismissal of personnel from the location of the unit, classes, sports and cultural events are carried out in such a way that, if necessary, the reinforcement of duty shifts is ensured within the established time frame.
guard duty
Garrison and guard services are organized in each garrison.
Garrison service aims to ensure the maintenance of military discipline in the garrison, the necessary conditions for Everyday life and training of troops, their organized exit on alarm and the holding of garrison events with the participation of troops.
guard duty designed for the reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, other materiel and other military and state facilities, as well as for the protection of persons held in a guardhouse and in a disciplinary battalion.
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