Nutrition for the elderly. Muscles and age

Proteins and age

The protein diet has the greatest effect on the growth and development of the body. It also has an effect on the aging process. For the health of people of all ages, the deficiency of proteins, which occurs with predominantly plant foods, and the excess of proteins, inevitable with excesses of animal foods, are unfavorable. At the same time, the proportions of the optimal balance change with age. Many laboratories have been involved in identifying the best balances for different ages, however, studies in which there have been enough large groups elderly and old people, very few. One of them was conducted relatively recently by a group of Ukrainian and German physiologists at the Kiev Institute of Gerontology. The experimental group included 110 people over the age of 70, who were compared with young people. Both groups, old and young, were divided in half and received rations, one of which contained 87 g of protein, calculated on a full value (1.1–1.2 g/kg of body weight), and the other 155 g of protein (2. 1 – 2.2 g/kg). The old people were relatively good at processing 87 g of protein per day, although the formation of urea was slower in them compared to the young. The liver did not have time to pass through the urea cycle an excess of amino acids, and they were excreted in the urine. With a daily intake of 155 g of protein, the excretion of free amino acids in the urine increased by 50-85%. It was an "emergency" release. The body did not have time to assimilate excess protein and turned on protective reactions that prevented ammonia poisoning.

“A high-protein diet in the elderly,” the scientists stated, “was accompanied by adverse shifts in the functions of cardio-vascular system and kidneys: in 67% of cases, the heart rate increased, coronary blood flow worsened, the volume of intrarenal circulation decreased ... ". These results were duplicated in experiments on laboratory animals. They showed that in the elderly, a high-protein diet, even with a significantly lower proportion of proteins than the Atkins diet, is, in fact, toxic to the old organism due to the weakening of the physiological functions of the liver and kidneys. According to the authors, "high-protein diets adversely affect metabolism and may be considered a risk factor for premature aging." According to their calculations, in the elderly, the amount of protein in food should not exceed 0.75 - 0.8 g / kg of body weight per day.

In old age, you should greatly reduce the consumption of animal products with a high content nucleic acids, such as pâtés and other liver and internal organs. Processing of purines and pyrimidines leads to the formation of uric acid, which is worse than urea, soluble in water. Even with normal aging, the concentration of uric acid in the blood increases (hyperglycemia), which is a risk not only for gout, but also for cardiovascular disease.

IN last years several pure essential amino acids, lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, have been commercialized in the form of dietary supplements, which, judging by the leaflets, improve the protein balance in a plant-based diet. But this advertisement is based on theoretical assumptions, not on clinical research. Real food proteins are digested slowly (animals are faster than plant proteins), and amino acid derivatives are absorbed in the intestine gradually, over several hours. When taking capsules or tablets of individual amino acids, their concentration in the blood quickly goes beyond the physiological limits and there is a need for their rapid detoxification. IN protein nutrition balanced mixtures are always important, the entry of which into the blood occurs gradually.

This text is an introductory piece.

Everyone is well aware of the important role played in human life proper nutrition, but in everyday life, most often they do not take into account the usefulness of a particular dish, but are guided by their own taste. However, food that seems tasty, unfortunately, is not always healthy - neglect of this fact often leads to various diseases and rapid aging of the body. That is why in old age reasonable dietary restrictions are necessary.

FOOD BASKET FOR THE ELDERLY

To lead an active lifestyle, an elderly person needs to consume enough proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals. The amount of liquid consumed also matters - it should be sufficient, but not excessive.

HOW TO COMPOSE THE DIET CORRECTLY

When compiling a diet, first of all, one should take into account how a particular food product is useful or, conversely, harmful to the body, and then exclude from the daily menu products that can cause harm up to 60 years. However, in the absence of serious diseases, you should not completely exclude any products from the daily menu - if necessary, you just need to reduce their use. The body is provided with energy only if the diet is varied. Having determined a set of products, you need to calculate the calorie content of food: as you know, the energy received by the body during the processing of fats, proteins and carbohydrates is measured in kilocalories (kcal). The energy obtained from the food that makes up the daily diet must be fully consumed by the body during the day. When a person retires, his body no longer experiences such a caloric intake of energy needs, as before, a decrease in age when he had to work. However, due to the developed habit, the amount of food consumed remains the same, and the body begins to store excess energy “in reserve”. As a result, a person becomes fat.

In old age, it is necessary to reduce the total calorie intake. The daily energy requirement of the organism for food for a man of 60-70 years old is 2300 kcal, for a woman - 2100 kcal. Upon reaching the age of 75, the body's need for calories decreases to 2000 kcal in men and to 1900 kcal in women.

Rice. 1. Age-related reduction in caloric intake

NUTRITIONAL AND MINERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE OLDER PERSON

Proteins are the main building material for all tissues of the body - muscle and nerve fibers, skin, and hair. 1 g of protein provides the body with 4 kcal of energy. Therefore, proteins must be included in the diet of an elderly person.

In nature, there are two groups of proteins - simple (proteins) and complex (proteins). To maintain the vital activity of the body, both must be present in food.

In addition, proteins of animal and vegetable origin differ. In animal proteins, the amino acids necessary for the body are present in optimal proportions. This is all the more important because the body does not produce these acids on its own, i.e. they cannot be replaced by something else. Animal proteins are absorbed by the body much better than vegetable proteins. In different foods, their content is not the same.

Most proteins (more than 15 g per 100 g of product) are found in various types of cheese, low-fat cottage cheese, chicken meat, fish, and beef. Many proteins are present in milk and dairy products. But fatty dairy products (such as sour cream or cream) are harmful to the body of an elderly person - it is better to use

skimmed milk, cottage cheese or cheese in the diet. Fermented milk products are especially useful for those who, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme lactose in the body, cannot eat milk. In addition, these products, in some respects, are of greater value than fresh milk.

Some plant foods are also high in protein. These include soybeans, peas, beans (there is even more protein in these legumes than in animal products), as well as walnuts, buckwheat, and millet. The required amount of protein is found in wheat and rye bread, green peas and rice. For a day, an aging person needs to consume 1.5 g of protein for every kilogram of weight. Excess or, conversely, lack of protein in the daily diet of older people can lead to serious negative consequences.

Their lack can cause a violation of physical and mental performance. In addition, due to protein deficiency, the body's defenses are weakened, its susceptibility to infectious diseases. If there are few foods containing protein in the diet, hunger edema and muscle atrophy may occur.

Excess protein in the diet of an elderly person is also harmful to the body. At the same time, the processes of putrefaction are activated in the large intestine, which causes indigestion. Regular and complete bowel movements for an aging person can be a serious problem. Scientists argue that an excess amount of proteins contributes to the emergence and development of atherosclerosis. In addition, this increases the metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis of urea, as a result, ammonia and urea accumulate in the body and are difficult to excrete.

Fats should also be present in the diet of an aging person, as they provide the body with the energy it needs and, like

proteins serve as a building material for cells and tissues. According to their chemical structure, fats are complex compounds - they consist of fatty acids and glycerol connected by ether bonds.

Rice. 4. Fats are compounds that are complex in their chemical structure.

There are fats of animal and vegetable origin. Vegetable fats are represented by olive, sunflower, cottonseed, corn, linseed and other oils. They are also found in margarine and cooking oil. Animal fats are butter, lard, goose and chicken fat.

To products containing the most a large number of fats, include fatty pork, raw smoked sausages, duck, goose, canned fish in butter, as well as cream, sour cream, walnuts and a variety of sweets - chocolate, halva, cakes, etc. A little less fat in cheeses and fatty cottage cheese, eggs and lamb, beef and chicken meat, boiled sausage and fatty herring. The least of them are in skim milk and kefir, low-fat cottage cheese, fish, as well as in beans and bread.

the largest nutritional value has milk fat. It has high biological properties and good nutritional qualities, so it is easily absorbed by the body. Milk fat is mainly used as butter. It contains vital vitamins (A, B, E).

Pork fat, beef, mutton and goose fats are much worse absorbed by the body. These products contain a lot of cholesterol, but at the same time a sufficient amount of phosphatides - biologically active substances. It is recommended to replace animal fats as often as possible with vegetable fats, in which there is no cholesterol. In addition, vegetable fats contain a lot of fatty acids, vitamin E and phosphatides.

Quite often the question arises as to which vegetable oils are more useful - refined or unrefined. The biological value of vegetable oils is primarily determined by the nature and degree of purification. In the process of refining, the oil is cleared of harmful impurities, but at the same time the fats contained in it lose sterols (sterols), phosphatides and other biologically active substances, i.e. its biological value decreases.

For older people, combined fats, represented by various types of margarines, are most useful. They are digested in much the same way as butter. Combined fats also contain vitamins A and D, phosphatides and other biologically active substances that the body needs. 1 g of fat contains 9 kcal.

Men aged 60-74 years should consume 77 g of fat per day, and women of the same age - 70 g. After 75 years, men need to reduce their daily fat intake to 67 g, women to 63 g. fats of vegetable origin should be at least 30% of the total amount of fats.

Older people should be aware that excess fat in the diet leads to obesity. With an excessive content of saturated fatty acids in the body, hypercholesterolemia can develop - excessive accumulation of cholesterol with its deposition on the walls of blood vessels and in various organs, which contributes to atherosclerosis and accelerates the aging process.

Carbohydrates are essential nutrients in the diet of people of all ages. These are the main sources of energy for the body. They play an important role in metabolism. Their energy value approximately equal to the energy component of proteins. 1 g of carbohydrates contains approximately 4.1 kcal.

Most carbohydrates (over 65 g per 100 g of product) are found in foods such as sugar, sweets, chocolate, butter cookies, honey, raisins, jam, prunes, rice, pasta, semolina, buckwheat, millet, oatmeal and pearl barley . Quite a lot of carbohydrates are present in rye and wheat bread, beans, peas, halva and cakes. A sufficient amount of them is found in the composition of potatoes, beets, grapes, green peas, fruits and fruit juices. Vegetables, mushrooms and unsweetened dairy products are poor in carbohydrates.

An excess of carbohydrates in the diet harms the body: accumulating, they turn into fat, which leads to overweight, and sometimes to the development of obesity.

However, it is impossible to completely exclude carbohydrates from the diet - this will lead to an imbalance nutrients and, as a result, to significant disorders of the body's vital functions.

Experts have calculated how many proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be included in the diet of the elderly. Men 60-74 years old should consume 69 g of proteins per day (of which 38 g should be proteins of animal origin), 77 g of fat and 333 g of carbohydrates. Upon reaching the age of 75, the amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates consumed should be reduced: the daily diet provides 60 g of proteins (including 33 g of animal proteins), 67 g of fat and 290 g of carbohydrates.

A woman of 60-74 years old should consume 63 g of proteins (including 35 g of animal proteins), 70 g of fats and 305 g of carbohydrates during the day. After 75 years, the daily diet of a woman should be as follows: 57 g of proteins (of which 31 g of animal protein), 70 g of fat and 275 g of carbohydrates.

Moderation in food prevents the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, i.e. prevents the development of diseases that are characteristic primarily of the elderly.

In the daily menu, you should reduce the number of foods containing carbohydrates. First of all, this applies to confectionery and pasta, bread, potatoes, etc. Older people who lead a not too active lifestyle should limit their sugar intake.

In addition to proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals must be present in the diet of an elderly person, without which it is impossible to maintain the normal functioning of the body.

Vitamins (from the Latin vita - "life") are organic substances that are formed in the human body (in its intestines) under the influence of the vital activity of certain microorganisms or come in small quantities with food. They are vital to the body for proper metabolism.

In 1880, Russian biologist Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin proved in his doctoral dissertation that food contains elements that contribute to maintaining an active life and well-being. He also substantiated their importance for the body.

Previously, it was believed that proteins, carbohydrates, fats, mineral salts and liquids, combined in certain proportions, were enough for the normal functioning of the body. The discovery of vitamins disproved this theory. In addition, the facts spoke against her: for example, travelers suffered from scurvy, although from the traditional point of view, their diet was quite complete. However, their diet lacked fresh vegetables and fruits, which serve as a source of vitamin C, which led to the development of a specific gum disease with loosening and loss of teeth.

Vitamins contain much less vitamins than proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In addition, with age, there is a deficiency of vitamins that are independently produced in the body: in the process of aging, their synthesis is disturbed. At the same time, in the presence of certain diseases characteristic of the elderly (for example, with atherosclerosis), the body needs significantly more vitamins than in a healthy state. In these cases, it is recommended not only to eat a sufficient amount of fortified foods, but also to take special multivitamin preparations. They must also be consumed in winter and spring, when the body is weakened.

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Most athletes sooner or later face the question of taking sports supplements. Today we will talk about the benefits and harms of protein, which is the most popular product among fitness enthusiasts.

Protein is a powder that is high in protein (typically 60-90%) and low in fat and carbohydrate. Most importantly, it is an easily digestible protein, which is why it is so popular with people involved in sports. Protein is an ideal assistant for your muscles, because they need nutrition and building material during exercise.

Pros and cons of protein

But like any product, protein powder has its pros and cons. Let's take a closer look at the arguments about the benefits and harms of protein.

Top 15 Benefits of Protein

It is unlikely that the protein would have gained such popularity if it were not for a number of convincing arguments about its benefits:

1. Protein promotes muscle growth, which means achieving maximum sports results.
2. This is an exceptional product because it contains protein without large amounts of carbohydrates and fats.
3. Helps suppress appetite by lowering blood sugar levels and increasing levels of free amino acids.
4. It is a great option for a snack at work or at home.
5. You can easily get your daily protein intake, which is especially important for vegetarians and non-special lovers of meat and fish.
6. Protein powder is easy to consume. It is enough to dilute it with milk or water, and the protein meal is ready.
7. Quickly and easily absorbed by almost 100%, does not create heaviness in the stomach.
8. Gives the body a complete complex of amino acids.
9. Normalizes insulin levels healthy people, as well as in patients diabetes second type.
10. Helps athletes increase their endurance, strength and energy.
11. You will finally close the question for yourself what to eat after a workout. Easily digestible protein will be an excellent solution after sports.
12. The powder is convenient to store and you can always take it with you. Unlike milk and cottage cheese, it is not a quickly perishable product.
13. Proteins are most often sold with additives, so you can choose the most preferred flavor for yourself: chocolate, strawberry, vanilla, etc.
14. The protein contained in sports supplements is of natural origin and is completely physiological in relation to the human body.
15. Protein is safe for health, if you do not exceed the dosage and exercise.

Top 5 cons of protein

But the disadvantages of protein, like any other product, also have:

1. Protein can cause eating disorders. Especially at risk are people suffering from lactose intolerance. But this can be avoided if you buy supplements without the content of this component. For example, whey protein isolate or hydrolyzate.
2. Overdose of protein can adversely affect the functioning of the liver and kidneys. If you suffer from diseases of these organs, then it is better to limit the intake of sports nutrition.
3. Protein powder is practically an “empty” product that does not contain vitamins and microelements. True, there are exceptions when manufacturers specifically enrich it with useful substances.
4. Because of high cost, not everyone involved can afford regular purchase of sports supplements.
5. Protein in pure form not the most palatable product. To improve the taste, manufacturers add sweeteners, flavor substitutes and dyes to it.

As with any other, even the most natural products, you need to know the measure. We offer you several simple tips how not to wrap a very worthwhile protein product to the detriment of your health.

1. Try to count the rate of protein consumed, taking into account the protein. Its amount should not exceed 2 g per 1 kg of weight (for example, a maximum of 120 g of protein per 60 kg of weight).
2. Do not replace protein powder with a full lunch and dinner. This is just a protein food supplement.
3. Better to consume sports supplements only during the period when you are actively involved in sports. Otherwise, the protein simply will not be digested.
4. If you have kidney or liver problems, check with your doctor before taking protein.
5. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, namely 20-30 g of protein at a time.

Is margarine bad?

Some people are very prejudiced about margarine. Meanwhile, this type of fat is very promising, since margarine, to a greater extent than any other fat, can be given any biological and nutritional properties. Margarine in moderation (20 - 25 g) should be used in the diet of the elderly for culinary purposes. Margarine is a combined fat, including vegetable and animal fats. Combined fats, in addition to margarine, include compound fat and fats used for cooking. Margarine is the world's most widely used edible fat and is continuously growing in production. The production of margarine and other combined fats is based on lard, or hydrogenated fat, which is vegetable oil or marine animal fat, hardened by saturating unsaturated fatty acids with hydrogen and converting them into saturated fatty acids having a solid consistency. The composition of margarine, depending on its type, includes 50-60% lard, 10-15% refined vegetable oil, 12-16% milk, a small amount of sugar (0.7%), salt (about 1%), water (0.3-0.8%). Margarine is fortified with vitamins A (1.5 mg per 50 g of margarine) and D (10 mcg per 50 g). The digestibility of margarine is 94-98%, i.e. it is similar to the digestibility of butter. Thus, the usefulness of margarine lies in its good digestibility, the presence in its composition of vegetable oil, milk or cream, with all their useful properties, as well as high calorie content and good taste and culinary performance.

There are different opinions on the need of the elderly and old people for protein. Most researchers believe that in diet elderly proteins should be presented in sufficient quantities, but somewhat less than in young and middle age. The rationale for the relatively high need for protein in the elderly is that in the process of life, the breakdown of proteins in their body occurs in a large volume, while protein recovery and synthesis are limited. In addition, a fairly large amount of protein is necessary to maintain the constancy of specific proteins that perform vital functions in the body. important features. The quantitative and qualitative constancy of specific proteins in the body is maintained at the expense of food proteins. There is evidence that against the background of a sufficient amount of protein, the biological effect in the body of anti-sclerotic substances - choline, methionine, phosphatides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc. - is most effective. All this confirms the need for sufficient protein supply in old age. Along with this, it is recommended to limit animal protein in the diet of the elderly, considering it as an element in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Thus, some American scientists believe that "a diet based on grains, fruits and vegetables, with a minimum amount of animal proteins, is necessary for those people who need to reduce blood lipid levels to avoid cardiovascular disease" (Olson, 1962).

The need to use fairly high protein norms in the diet of older people, approximately 1-1.5 g per 1 kg of body weight per day, is scientifically justified enough. The protein rate of 1.5 g per 1 kg of weight guarantees both the coverage of the need for essential, vital amino acids, and the satisfaction of the body's overall need for protein, which ensures a positive nitrogen balance.

In addition to establishing the quantitative norm of protein, in old age importance has a definition in it of the specific gravity of animal protein. Among the elderly, cases of self-limitation of animal protein, especially meat, and adherence to a predominantly dairy-vegetarian diet are not uncommon. According to modern concepts, in the rational nutrition of the elderly, animal proteins (proteins of meat, fish, eggs, milk) should account for approximately 50% of the total amount of dietary proteins. So, with a protein norm of 100 g per day, half of this amount (50 g) should be met at the expense of animal protein. Of this amount, 25 g should1 be provided with milk protein (300 g of milk, kefir, 100-150 g of cottage cheese, etc.), the remaining 25 g at the expense of meat, fish, eggs (200 g of meat or 200 g of fish and 1 egg, etc.). P.). The second half of the daily protein intake (50 g) is made up of vegetable proteins (proteins of bread, cereals, potatoes, vegetables and other plant products).

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In recent years, the number of men and women in the gyms has almost equalized. The girls not only mastered weightlifting equipment, but also became seriously interested in sports nutrition. The reaction of sporpit producers to this trend was not long in coming - bright jars with the inscription "Protein for Women", a cute design, various "ladies'" tastes and aromas immediately appeared on the shelves of specialized stores. What, besides the color of the package and the labels with flowers, is the protein for women different from a similar product without a corresponding inscription? How to take it and will it harm the female body? Is it possible to replace an expensive purchased supplement with protein shakes home cooking? We will try to answer these and many other questions in this article.

Regular classes in gym require an increased amount of protein in the diet. The norm for a woman is about 1.5 g per 1 kg of body weight. This will be quite enough for the normal functioning of all systems of the female body, but this will not create an excessive load on the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. And although human body, in general, is arranged in the same way, both in men and in women, however, with regard to the digestion of protein, this process is somewhat slower in the fair sex. It is this feature of the female body, as well as the love of girls in various cute girlish things, that prompted sports nutrition manufacturers to develop a special protein for women.

The benefits and harms of protein for women

Before making any decision about taking protein shakes, every woman should weigh the pros and cons for herself, becoming familiar with the beneficial and harmful aspects of eating pure protein.

Useful qualities of bioadditives

If we discard the aspect of the quality of the purchased supplement, then the question of whether protein shakes are harmful for women is not even worth it. Protein (English protein) is a protein, respectively, the effect of this supplement on the body is exactly the same as eating ordinary natural protein products. This is the main benefit of protein shakes for women. Protein, as a supplement, is made from high quality whey protein concentrate, is synthesized from natural products, contains a minimum amount of simple carbohydrates and fatty acids, and such a shake does not have any harmful effects on women Health. On the contrary, the benefits of protein shakes as part of a diet are obvious: high protein digestibility, low calorie content, good taste, ease of storage and preparation. Thanks to these qualities beautiful half very often uses protein for women for weight loss, and not just for building muscle mass.




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Harm of protein shakes

A protein shake for women can only be harmful in some cases:

• Incorrectly selected dosage of protein in one serving. Optimal amount of protein in one serving protein shake should be approximately 25-30 grams. If you exceed this figure, adverse effects on organs are possible. digestive system and kidneys.
• Use of low-quality or expired additives. Even in a large sports nutrition store, you can easily stumble upon a fake made in third world countries in unsanitary conditions from low-quality raw materials, and in some cases even containing traces of toxic elements: lead, cadmium, mercury or tin. In no case should you eat such additives, and if you are not sure about the originality of the product that you are holding in your hands, it is better to refrain from buying it.
• Individual intolerance to the components of the product.

Protein shakes should be taken at those moments when you need the fastest possible intake of amino acids into the body. First of all, protein is especially beneficial for women after a workout: taking it will stop the secretion of the stress hormone cortisol, start the process of repairing injured muscle cells, and give strength and energy. It is also a good solution to take a protein shake right after waking up (as a first breakfast). So you will satisfy the feeling of hunger for a while, but do not overload the gastrointestinal tract, which is not yet ready for a full meal, with an extra volume of solid food.

In addition, protein shakes can be consumed in case of long breaks between meals or as the last meal in the late evening. This will saturate your body with all the necessary substances and satisfy the feeling of hunger.

Another important question to which we will try to give an exhaustive answer is how to take protein for women? Immediately, we note that in different situations it is recommended to use different types of protein shakes. Therefore, if you are satisfied with the financial side of the issue, then it would be best to use a detailed regimen with well-defined dosages. You can see an example of such a scheme below.

Reception scheme

This scheme is only a guideline of when and how much protein should be consumed for women. It is not necessary to comply with it thoroughly. 4 protein shakes a day will already more than cover the daily requirement of the female body for protein, and there will simply be no room for protein from natural products in the diet.

Remember that any supplements are only an addition to the diet, and not a complete replacement, and at least 75% of the diet should consist of products of natural origin.

The dosage of protein, as well as the regimen, can be varied. If you feel a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract (heartburn, bloating, indigestion, etc.), the amount of protein consumed should be reduced. Perform not a full portion, but 50-75% of it, the load on the gastrointestinal tract will decrease, and the digestive system will normalize. You should also not exceed the indicated dosage, most likely higher doses of protein simply will not be absorbed. Scientists have not yet identified the exact amount of protein that the human body is able to absorb at a time - there may be too many auxiliary factors here, but most fitness experts and nutritionists are convinced that for women this amount is 25-30 grams. In men, this amount may be slightly higher - up to 50-60 grams.

Features of the absorption of protein by the female body

The mechanism of protein digestion is also complex and not fully understood. In the process of digestion, the protein breaks down to amino acids and peptides, then these substances are absorbed by the intestines and enter the bloodstream. This process is called the transport function of the protein. The fact is that in most cases, due to the increased hormonal background(a large amount of free testosterone accelerates the digestive processes in the body and improves the absorption of food) and stress after strength training, in the male body, the transport function of the protein proceeds faster than in the female, so he can absorb more protein at a time.

Protein Review for Women

Protein for women happens various kinds, and with the help of its reception it is possible to pursue various goals. It differs in the completeness of the amino acid composition, the rate of assimilation, the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the finished product, and the addition of minor substances such as cretin or glutamine.

Protein shakes for fat loss

For example, during the fat burning period, whey protein isolate or hydrolyzate or egg protein is best.

Hydrolysates

Whey protein, or egg protein, is highly digestible, low in calories, and free of simple carbohydrates and fats. The amino acid composition in these types of protein is perfectly balanced. Its reception will cover all the needs of the body in certain microelements. The only downside to these supplements is their price. On average, they cost one and a half times more than regular whey protein. You can also use casein as the last meal and a multi-component protein between meals. However, don't forget to look at the composition of the product: many complex proteins contain 5-10 grams of simple carbohydrates (sugar, maltodextrin, starch, and similar substances) per serving. In conditions of “extra” carbohydrates, and even with a high glycemic index, we absolutely do not need them. Protein should be mixed in water, not milk, as milk is rich in lactose (a simple carbohydrate). By mixing an expensive hydrolyzate with milk, you deprive the consumption of this additive of any meaning.

Isolates

From isolates, we recommend using Nectar Naturals from Syntrax. This protein is not only packaged in a beautiful "purely female" jar, it is the best suited for fat burning. The peculiarity of the product from this manufacturer is that it completely lacks fats and carbohydrates, as well as artificial colors, flavors and sweeteners.




Among the hydrolyzed proteins, Platinum Hydrowhey from the company holds the palm. Optimum Nutrition. Unfortunately, it is not so often found on store shelves, but it is perfect for taking immediately after a workout. One serving contains only 140 calories.




Protein for mass gain

During the period of gaining muscle mass, it is not entirely advisable to spend your money on such expensive supplements like isolate and hydrolyzate, and it is quite possible to limit yourself to whey protein. Its reception is most optimal immediately after strength training. The most popular whey protein for girls is 100% Whey Gold Standard from Optimum Nutrition. Perhaps this is one of the best options for the price and quality of the product. In addition, it contains lactase and aminogen - enzymes that improve digestive processes.




Multi-component protein and casein

Multi-component protein and casein should also be included in your diet, but again, do not forget to read the composition of the product. If you buy a protein that contains carbohydrates and fats, make sure that in combination this does not lead to an excess of carbohydrates and calories in your diet. Otherwise, instead of high-quality muscle mass, you risk increasing only your subcutaneous fat layer. Of the multicomponent proteins, we recommend using Matrix from Syntrax. It contains an optimal proportion of whey, micellar casein and egg proteins and glutamine peptides, which ensures complete absorption of the product.




Among casein proteins, one of the best muscle building foods is Weider's 100% Casein. It provides a uniform influx of amino acids into the blood within 7 hours.




Egg and beef protein

For variety, you can replace whey protein with egg or beef - these products exactly mimic the amino acid composition of natural products. Plus, the manufacturer often adds 2.5-5 grams of creatine to beef protein per serving of a cocktail, which makes its use even more useful - creatine helps to accumulate energy in the form of ATP molecules, which allows our muscles to do a lot of strength work. Carnivor from MuscleMeds is considered to be the best in quality and taste of beef protein. It contains several times more creatine than a regular steak and is rich in BCAAs, which enhances the anabolic and anti-catabolic effect. The famous bodybuilder Kai Green took an active part in its development.




Not many companies make egg protein, and Optimum Nutrition has firmly occupied a free niche with its 100% Egg Protein product. One serving of this protein contains as much protein and micronutrients as seven cooked egg whites.




Protein for drying

Girls who are professionally engaged in bodybuilding and often compete in competitions are familiar with such a concept as drying - burning subcutaneous fat without compromising muscle mass in order to make the body more prominent. Whey Protein for women is ideal for this purpose, since it can be taken both before and after training. This type of protein is quickly absorbed female body, which makes it an indispensable tool in the struggle for a beautiful terrain, if there is little time left before the competition. Whey protein for women has a high "performance ratio". For the same purpose, casein and soy protein are used. Casein, it belongs to the "slow" proteins, so it is usually taken at night. But soy protein during drying will be a salvation for those girls who suffer from lactose intolerance or follow a vegetarian diet.

How to make a protein shake at home?

It is not difficult to prepare a protein shake at home for women. To do this, we only need easily digestible protein foods, water or milk and a blender. It is also possible to add fresh fruit and berries, jams, or honey, but in this case you will rather prepare some kind of gainer, since the proportion of proteins and carbohydrates will be approximately 50/50. Vary the composition of the cocktail at your discretion, depending on what goals you are pursuing.

To add a rich fruity flavor to your smoothie, use low-calorie jams or preserves. This product is now not uncommon and can be easily found in sports nutrition stores or in the health food section of large hypermarkets. If you're looking for a low carb smoothie that doesn't contain any extra carbs and is diet-friendly, low calorie jams are a great choice to make your smoothie taste better. Of course, the taste of natural jam or jam is much brighter and richer, but they contain a large amount of sugar in their composition.

The protein component of a homemade protein shake is usually cottage cheese (regular, grained or soft) or similar dairy products such as Greek yogurt. Of course, it will be better if these foods are reduced in fat, since 1 gram of fat contains approximately 9 calories. Often in such recipes there are raw eggs, but let's be frank: there is little pleasant in eating raw chicken eggs. They have a viscous viscous consistency, a low degree of assimilation due to the lack of an enzyme necessary for assimilation raw product, high fat content in the yolks, and even there is a risk of contracting salmonellosis. And if the issue of salmonellosis is still being solved by using quail eggs instead of chicken, then the rest of the problems do not disappear anywhere. Therefore, the protein base of our cocktails will be cottage cheese - it contains, like whey protein, and casein, has a neutral milky taste and mixes well in a blender.