The goals of international economic organizations are: International economic organizations are

The main permanent intergovernmental organization is the United Nations (founded in 1945). According to the charter UN is called upon to carry out international cooperation in order to resolve global economic problems (Article 1) “with the aim of creating conditions of stability and prosperity”, with the aim of “promoting improved living standards, economic development and progress in the world.”

Issues of economic cooperation are dealt with by the highest body of the UN - the General Assembly and the ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) led by it.

General Assembly UN organizes research and makes recommendations to states to promote international cooperation in economic, social and other sectors; The GA also exercises leadership functions in relation to ECOSOC.

The Economic and Social Council is called upon to solve specific problems of international economic cooperation. According to the UN Charter, the functions of ECOSOC include conducting various types of research and reports on international issues in the areas of economic, social, culture, education, health and similar issues.

Within the framework of the Council, draft international agreements and conventions are developed, which are subsequently submitted for approval to General Assembly. The functions of ECOSOC also include coordinating the activities of specialized UN agencies, with which it enters into special agreements, as well as the leadership of regional economic commissions.

The following regional economic commissions operate under the leadership of the Economic and Social Council.

1. Economic Commission for Europe(Economic Commission for Europe) was created in 1947 for a period of five years to provide effective assistance to those devastated by the Second World War European countries. Then the term of this commission was extended indefinitely. The highest body of the commission is the plenary sessions (convened once a year). The permanent body of the Commission is the Secretariat, which has departments: plans and research, industrial, transport, trade and intermediary. There are ten committees within the Commission: on ferrous metallurgy; for coal; for electricity; on industry and inland transport; by labor force; By housing issue; on the development of foreign trade, etc.

2. Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP) was created in 1947 as a temporary organization. In 1952 the commission was reorganized into a permanent one. The highest body of the Commission is the plenary sessions (convened once a year). The permanent body is the Secretariat, consisting of the departments of industry and trade, transport and communications, social affairs, research and plans. ESCAP has: the Committee on Industry and Natural Resources, the Committee on Inland Transport and Communications, and the Committee on Trade. With the participation of ESCAP, projects were developed for the construction of a trans-Asian railway and the construction of a trans-Asian highway through 15 countries.

3. Economic Commission for Latin America(ECLA) was created in 1948, in 1951 it was transformed into a permanent commission. Its members are 20 Latin American countries. The highest and permanent bodies of the Commission are the plenary sessions and the Secretariat, respectively. The Secretariat consists of six departments. With the participation of ECLA, the Latin American Economic System (LAES) was created.

Economic Commission for Africa(ECA) was formed at the XXV session of ECOSOC (1958). The functions, supreme and permanent bodies are similar to other economic commissions. ECA has developed projects for the construction of the Trans-African, Trans-Saharan and East African Highways.

5. Economic Commission for Western Asia(ECZA) focused on the research form of activity, summarizing and forecasting trends and development prospects for individual countries in the region. In particular, the practice of transnational corporations in the oil industry of the region is examined.

An important subsidiary body of the UN General Assembly is International Trade Commission(UNISTRAL), which works to promote and unify rights international trade. In particular, it developed the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, adopted at a UN conference in 1980.

One of the most significant UN bodies dealing with problems of economic cooperation is UN Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD). It was established in 1964 as a subsidiary body of the UN General Assembly and has long grown into an independent body. The highest body of UNCTAD is the conference sessions (meeted once every three to four years). Between sessions, the conference functions as the Trade and Development Council (meets twice a year). The Council has seven standing committees: on commodities; for industrial goods; according to preferences; on invisible items and trade-related financing; on sea transportation; on Technology Transfer and Economic Cooperation of Developing Countries, as well as four working groups.

In the UNGA resolution that established UNCTAD, its functions were formulated as follows:

1)encouraging international trade, especially in terms of acceleration economic development, in particular trade between countries at different levels of development;

2) establishing principles and policies relating to international trade and related economic development issues;

4) review and facilitate coordination of the activities of other agencies within the UN system;

5) taking, if necessary, measures in cooperation with the competent UN bodies to negotiate and approve multilateral legal acts in the field of trade;

6) coordination of policies of governments and regional economic groupings in the field of trade;

7) consideration of any other issues within the competence.

The nature of UNCTAD's activities, its structure, universality, scope of competencies and the nature of the documents adopted give every reason to consider it as a permanent international organization. The organization's headquarters is located in Geneva.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO) was created in 1956 to promote the industrialization of developing countries. In 1985, it acquired the status of a specialized agency of the UN. The highest body of UNIDO is the General Conference, convened once every four years; the governing body is Industrial Development Council, whose meetings are held once a year. The Council consists of 45 members elected by the General Conference for a term of three years based on the principle of equitable geographical representation. The Standing Committee is a subsidiary body of the Council and meets twice a year. The Secretariat - the administrative body of UNIDO is located in Vienna (Austria). Secretary General UNIDO, upon the recommendation of the Council, is approved by the General Conference for a period of four years. The governing bodies also include the Program and Budget Committee. Since 1981, an information bank on industry and technology has been operating.

The founding documents of the organization are the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action for Industrial Development and Cooperation, adopted in 1975. UNIDO develops recommendations and programs for governments of developing countries to provide technical assistance in the design and construction of facilities.

The establishment of equal international economic cooperation in the field of science and technology should promote World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO), which is designed to assist developing countries in establishing national systems for the protection of industrial property and copyright.

Among UN monetary institutions stand out: International Monetary Fund (IMF);

■ International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD);

■ International Finance Corporation (IFC);

■ International Development Association (MAP).

All these organizations are intergovernmental in nature and have the status specialized institutions UN, i.e. The UN cannot advise them on policies and guidelines for their activities.

IMF And IBRD- the largest international monetary and credit organizations - created on the basis of agreements adopted by the Bretton Woods Conference (USA) in 1944. Members of each organization are 184 states, including Russian Federation.

The objectives of the IMF are to coordinate the monetary and financial policies of member countries and to provide loans to them to settle balances of payments and maintain exchange rates.

The main goal of the IBRD is to promote the reconstruction and development of the territories of member states by encouraging investment for productive purposes.

MFC(established in 1956 as a subsidiary of the IBRD and has 176 member countries) finances primarily multinational projects involving local and foreign capital, providing loans on preferential terms and without government guarantees.

MAP(established in 1960 as a branch of the IBRD; it now includes more than 160 countries) provides interest-free loans to developing countries on more favorable terms than the IBRD. The loan term for the least developed (according to the UN list) countries is 40 years, for the rest - 35 years.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) is the largest intergovernmental trade agreement. It was adopted in 1948 as a temporary agreement. Throughout history (1948-1994) its the most important function was to conduct multilateral rounds trade negotiations. There were 8 such rounds in total. The last, Uruguay round, ended in April 1994 with the signing of the Final Act, which consisted of an agreement on the establishment World Trade Organization and a number of documents that together made up the WTO system.

The highest body of the WTO is Ministerial Conference WTO member states. Its sessions are held at least once every two years. Between sessions, the General Council of WTO Members is convened as necessary. It serves as a Dispute Settlement Authority and a Trade Review Mechanism.

politicians. The Ministerial Conference appoints a Director General, who heads the WTO Secretariat. All decisions within the WTO are made by consensus. The competence of the WTO includes:

■ International trade in industrial and agricultural goods;

■ trade in textiles and clothing;

■ international trade in services; ■ intellectual property;

■ trade-related investments;

■ special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures;

■ sanitary and phytosanitary measures;

■ rules of origin of goods;

■ import licensing, etc.

All multilateral agreements The WTO is mandatory for member states; other countries are forced to follow the norms and rules developed in the GATT/WTO.

In modern international economic relations, a significant role belongs to universal associations that are not formally international organizations. These include, first of all, the Paris and London clubs of creditors.

Paris Club - an interstate mechanism created to develop multilateral agreements between creditor states in relation to debtor states in order to revise the terms of debt repayment. Officially, it does not have a charter, admission rules or assigned structures.

The Russian Federation, being a successor to the USSR, in connection with membership in the Club, received the opportunity to put into practice the sale of significant external assets, many of which were considered “hopeless”.

London club was created with the aim of developing agreements with debtor countries on the payment of external debt and repayment of interbank debt. It unites 600 commercial creditor banks from the leading countries of the world. It is headed by representatives of Deutsche Bank (Germany).

An international economic organization is an organization created on the basis of international agreements for the purpose of unification, regulation, and development of joint decisions in the field of international economic relations.

International economic relations (IER) are economic relations between states, regional groups, transnational corporations and other entities of the world economy.

The following types of IEO are distinguished:

1. Interstate universal organizations, the purpose and subject of activity of which are of interest to all states of the world.

This is primarily the UN system, which includes the UN and UN specialized agencies, which are independent IEOs. Among them are the IMF, IBRD, WTO, UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development).

2. Interstate organizations of a regional and interregional nature, which are created by states to resolve various issues, incl. economic and financial. For example, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

3. IEOs operating in certain segments of the world market.

In this case, they most often act in the form of commodity organizations uniting a circle of countries. For example, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, 1960), International Tin Agreement (1956), International Agreements on Cocoa, Coffee, International Textile Agreement (ITT, 1974).

4. IEOs, represented by semi-formal associations of the G7 type (USA, Japan, Canada, Germany, France, UK and Italy).

5. Various trade, economic, monetary, financial and credit, industry and specialized economic, scientific and technical organizations.

UN - United Nations Organization, created in 1945. The UN system consists of the United Nations with its main and subsidiary bodies, 18 specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and a number of programs, councils and commissions.

UN goals:

Maintenance international peace and security through effective collective action and peaceful settlement of disputes;

Development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principles of equality and self-determination of peoples;

Security international cooperation to resolve international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and promote human rights.

WTO - World Trade Organization. It began to operate on January 1, 1995, and is the successor to the one that had been in force since 1947. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO is the sole legal and institutional basis of the world trade organization.

The fundamental principles of the WTO are:

Providing most favored nation treatment in trade on a non-discriminatory basis;

Mutual provision of national treatment to goods and services of foreign origin;

Regulation of trade primarily by tariff methods;

Refusal to use quantitative restrictions;

Promoting fair competition;

Resolution of trade disputes through consultations.

World Bank Group. The World Bank is a multilateral lending institution consisting of 5 closely related institutions whose common goal is to improve living standards in developing countries through financial assistance from developed countries.

1. IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) was founded in 1945, goal: to provide loans to relatively rich developing countries.

2. IDA (International Development Association) was founded in 1960, the goal: to provide concessional loans to the poorest developing countries.

3. IFC (International Finance Corporation) was created in 1956, the goal: to promote economic growth in developing countries by providing support to the private sector.

4. IIG (International Investment Guarantee Agency) was founded in 1988, the purpose: to encourage foreign investment in developing countries by providing guarantees to foreign investors against losses caused by non-commercial risks.

5. ICSID (International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes) was created in 1966. Purpose: to promote increased flows of international investment by providing services for arbitration and dispute resolution between governments and foreign investors; consulting, Scientific research, information about investment legislation.

IMF - International Monetary Fund. Created in 1945

Functions:

Maintenance common system calculations;

Monitoring the state of the international monetary system;

Promoting stability of exchange rates;

Providing short-term and medium-term loans;

Providing advice and participating in collaboration.

Each state, when joining the IMF, contributes a certain amount - a subscription quota (the richer country contributes a larger quota and has big amount votes).

To provide financial support to its members, the IMF uses the following mechanisms:

1. Conventional mechanisms:

Tranche policy (loans in the form of shares constituting 25% of a given country's quota);

Extended financing mechanism (lending for 3 years to overcome balance of payments difficulties).

2. Special mechanisms:

Lending in case of unforeseen circumstances (for example, rising prices for imported grain);

Financing of buffer stocks (loan for replenishment of raw materials).

3. Emergency assistance (in the form of purchases of goods in order to solve balance of payments problems).

Includes monetary, financial, trade, industrial, labor and other relations. The leading form of international economic relations is monetary and financial relations.

IN modern world Globalization and regionalization of international economic relations are especially relevant. The dominant role in establishing the world economic order belongs to transnational capital and international institutions, among which an important role belongs to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

As a result of the international division of labor, world poles of economic and technological development (North American, Western European and Asia-Pacific) were formed. Among current problems international economic relations, the problems of creating free economic zones and international transport corridors are highlighted. (scan from book)

TNCs as one of the most common forms of international business.

TNCs are actually the main participants in international economic relations (IER). TNCs are an opportunity to combine the capabilities of a large differentiated organization with powerful production facilities into a single whole. Combining the advantages of its foreign branches. Such companies benefit from creating science-intensive production in Europe, and labor-intensive production in countries with cheap labor. The peculiarity is that TNCs are not tied to the economy of one country.

Job Responsibilities of an International Manager.

A person holding the position of international manager has a wider range of duties and responsibilities than a manager of his rank in the home country of the parent company.

First of all, an international manager needs to go through an adaptation period to operating in the host country, as well as take measures to eliminate possible losses of his corporation’s assets or control over them in the host country.

It must provide for actions by government agencies or competitors aimed at reducing its market share in the host country, and eliminate the possibility of such a risk.

As part of his job, an international manager has to communicate with high-ranking government officials; he must be not only a manager, but also a politician and diplomat. When carrying out his activities and making decisions, an international manager must have reliable information about his partners.

It is necessary to answer two main questions:

Who do I work with?

What can you expect from your foreign partner? To build relationships with foreign companies directly (without intermediaries):

· you should not limit funds for studying partners, competitors and consumers, regardless of their nationality; .

· when communicating with them, special attention should be paid to the traditions, customs and culture of the country in which the interlocutor was raised, and his point of view must be respected.

Key abilities that ensure successful performance of the functions of an international manager:

Ability to quickly adapt to the conditions of a foreign country;

The ability to think, taking into account international differences, and overcome them in the interests of the cause;

Creative initiative;

Ability to act according to a predetermined plan;

Flexibility in communicating with foreign partners and firmness in defending the interests of the company;

Honesty;

Rationality of decisions made;

Preparedness for unexpected situations;

Ability to choose best option from the opportunities presented;

Enterprise;

Communication skills;

Determination;

Commitment to integration;

Lack of reluctance to implement long-term projects;

Knowledge of foreign languages;

Ability to persuade and work in a team;

Tolerance towards the customs and culture of foreigners;

Mental stability;

Desire to work abroad.

International economic relations are determined by two key points:

The objective need to implement foreign economic relations;

Mutual interest and economic benefits of these relationships for partners from different countries.

However, in all relations arising between foreign partners, the principle of equality must be observed.

When appointing an international manager to a specific project, the selection should be made carefully. During the implementation of the project, it is necessary to avoid replacing the manager, as this may undermine the confidence of foreign partners in stable cooperation.

Question 61 International economic organizations

Answer

The largest international economic organizations include: the economic divisions of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Customs Organization (ICO), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), International organization labor (ILO), etc. For brief information about organizations of this type, see table. 22.

Table 22. International economic organizations

The main economic body of the UN is ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council), which coordinates the economic activities of states that are members of the United Nations. In addition, the UN system operates:

United Nations Conference on Trade and Tariffs (UNCTAD);

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO);

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO);

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO);

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The main task of UNCTAD ( United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)(Fig. 37) is to encourage international trade for accelerated economic development.

Rice. 37. UNCTAD emblem

UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organization)(Fig. 38) is engaged in promoting industrial development and accelerating the industrialization of developing countries, as well as coordinating UN activities in the field of industrial development.

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) promotes the protection of intellectual property; development and conclusion of agreements relating to legal and administrative aspects of intellectual property; harmonizes national legislation in the field of intellectual property protection, etc.

WTO ( World Trade Organization)(Fig. 39) was founded in 1947 (the original name was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), modern name– since 1995) 23 states.

Rice. 38. UNIDO emblem

Among the main goals of the WTO are:

1) gradual elimination of customs restrictions on trade;

2) eliminating discrimination in international trade;

3) eliminating unemployment, increasing real incomes, etc.

Rice. 39. WTO emblem

Its main purpose is the ILO (International Labor Organization) sees the unification of the rules of the game in the field of customs barriers, as well as promoting the progress of international trade relations.

ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)(Fig. 40) unites not states, but unions of entrepreneurs and individual firms (a member of the organization is the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation). The Chamber protects the private enterprise system, promotes capital migration and the development of international trade.

Rice. 40. ICC emblem

Like the ICC, ILO was created in 1919. Of course, the ILO strives to eliminate unemployment and ensure full employment; tries to achieve respect for human rights; monitors compliance with international standards regarding occupational safety. Russia for last years has become a member of many major organizations, in addition, it claims to join some that have not yet been covered by its participation. For example, the Russian Federation is negotiating to join the World Trade Organization.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Accounting author Bychkova Svetlana Mikhailovna

3.2. International and Russian professional organizations Accountants International Accounting Standards Board (www.iasb.org) (International Accounting Standards Board - IASB). The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent organization

From the book Economic Geography author Burkhanova Natalya

20. International organizations International organizations are one of the most important forms of multilateral cooperation between states. They are created on the basis of an agreement between participants, their activities are regulated by their charter. Organizations differ in

From book World economy: Cheat sheet author author unknown

12. International economic aspects of the food problem Although food consumption is generally increasing in all regions, it is unevenly distributed across continents and individual states: 1) industrial zones of the world, including Western and Northern

author Smirnov Pavel Yurievich

25. International economic organizations International economic organizations are among the important subjects of the world economy. Highest value have the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Last

From the book World Economy. Cheat sheets author Smirnov Pavel Yurievich

64. The impact of changes in the exchange rate on international economic relations Acting as an instrument of communication between the value indicators of the national and world markets, the exchange rate plays an active role in international economic relations. When implementing

author Kornienko Oleg Vasilievich

Question 46 International monetary organizations Answer The largest international monetary organizations are: International Monetary Fund, World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank, Bank

From the book World Economy author Kornienko Oleg Vasilievich

Question 50 Informal international financial organizations Answer The most important informal international financial organizations are the Paris and London Clubs of Creditors, as well as the G-7 and G-10 groups. The Paris Club of Creditors (Fig. 30), created in 1956, is

From the book World Economy author Kornienko Oleg Vasilievich

Question 62 International integration associations Answer The largest international integration associations are: European Union(EU), North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), Southern Cone Common Market, or South American Common

From the book Economic Theory: Lecture Notes author Dushenkina Elena Alekseevna

5. International scientific and technical relations and free economic zones The modern scientific and technological revolution (STR) has greatly expanded the scope of application of scientific and technological achievements in the life of society. An important component of international economic relations

From the book Economic Theory. author Makhovikova Galina Afanasyevna

Lecture 21 Topic: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS. THEORY OF GLOBALIZATION The lecture discusses the following issues: forms of international economic relations; international monetary relations; theory

From the book Macroeconomics: lecture notes author Tyurina Anna

2. International economic relations Basically, the course of international economic relations is influenced by the participation of the countries of the world community in the international division of labor, as well as political, socio-economic and legal factors, since the functioning

From the book National Economics author Kornienko Oleg Vasilievich

Question 65 Economic regions of the Russian Federation Answer An economic region is a part of the country’s economy, which is characterized by a certain economic-geographical position, territorial unity, unique natural and economic conditions, as well as

From the book International Economic Relations: Lecture Notes author Ronshina Natalia Ivanovna

From the book Economic Statistics. Crib author Yakovleva Angelina Vitalievna

Question 73. International budget classifications The international classification system, which determines the structure of the system of indicators of the state budget, includes the following sections. Classification of income and received official transfers Total income and

From the book International Economic Relations: Cheat Sheet author author unknown

From the book The Practice of Human Resource Management author Armstrong Michael

INTERNATIONAL TRADE TRADE ORGANIZATIONS The two main international trade union organizations are the European Trade Union Confederation and the International Trade Union Confederation. Currently, neither of them has much influence in the United Kingdom,

(IEO) - education system various types created on the basis of agreements between governments or state bodies, economic organizations of interested countries for the coordination of economic actions, cooperation or joint production and economic activities in certain areas of the economy, science and technology. IEOs are created through equity contributions, operate on the basis of a charter, and have governing bodies with equal representation of the participating parties.

Currently, there are more than 4 thousand international organizations, of which more than 300 are intergovernmental. The key and most universal of them are organizations that arose almost simultaneously in the late 40s. and today act as the most important forums for coordinating economic policies between countries:

International Monetary Fund (macroeconomic policy) - is a compact international organization that performs, among other things, the function of overseeing the development of the international economy in general and the macroeconomics of each of the 184 member countries in particular.

Group World Bank(structural policy) - consists of five organizations: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (184 members), International Association Development (163 members), the International Finance Corporation (178 members), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (167 states) and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (134 members). Their main task is to provide loans to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to implement structural policies such as financial sector reforms, labor market support, improvement environment, improvement of the education system, etc.

World Trade Organization (trade policy), whose members include 149 states, focuses on regulating a key area of ​​the international economy - trade in goods and services.

United Nations System (social policy) itself is a system of many organizations that is in the process of reorganization. Officially, the UN system includes: UN programs(UN Children's Fund, UN Development Program, World Food Program, etc.). Specialized agencies(International Labor Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), etc.). UN Autonomous Organizations(International Atomic Energy Agency, International Tourism Organization).

Among the international organizations responsible for monitoring and regulating certain areas of the international economy, the following main functional groups can be distinguished:

1. Country Advisory Groups - relatively permanent mechanisms for coordinating the economic policies of countries, usually not formalized in a permanent international organization, but often having their own secretariat, placed at their disposal by a member country or some permanent international organization. For example: The Group of Seven (G5 + Canada and Italy) united until Russia was admitted to it in 1997.

2. Universal international organizations - unite the vast majority of countries in the world, collect information and regulate specific forms of international economic relations. These include the IMF, the World Bank Group, the UN system, the WTO, and the International Labor Organization.

3. Industry international organizations - regulate certain sectors of the production and trade of goods or services in international arena. The most significant of these is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a forum of 12 oil-exporting countries whose main task is to set and enforce oil production quotas, which is considered a mechanism to maintain world oil prices.

4. Regional international organizations - numerous associations of small groups of countries that have not taken the form of integration and serve as a forum for them to discuss regional problems of mutual interest, harmonize regional policies in matters of production and foreign trade, and collect and summarize information about a given region.

5. International banking organizations - include organizations such as the Bank for International Settlements, the Scandinavian Investment Bank... A separate group here are international development banks - the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the African Development Bank (ADB), the West African Development Bank (EADB), etc. d. Characteristic feature development banks is that they are regional in nature and their activities are aimed at jointly financing projects in member countries with other banks.

Classification of international economic organizations:

1. By the nature of membership and legal nature of the participants:

· Interstate(intergovernmental) - an association of states established on the basis international treaty to achieve common goals;

Non-governmental– are created on the basis of an association of individuals or legal entities in the form of associations, federations and acts in the interests of members to achieve specific goals (Association international law, League of Red Cross Societies).

2. According to the circle of participants:

· Universal– open to participation of all countries (UN and its specialized units);

· Regional– created at the regional level, members can be participants from the same region (Organization of African Unity, Organization of American States).

3. In terms of competence:

· Organizations of general competence– cover all areas of relations between member states: political, economic, social, cultural (UN, Council of Europe);

Organizations of special competence– carry out cooperation and regulation in one area (IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency, International Labor Organization (ILO)).

4. By the nature of the powers:

· Interstate– include almost all IEOs, the purpose of which is to implement interstate cooperation;

· Supranational organizations that carry out integration, their decisions apply directly to physical and legal entities Member States (EU).

5. According to the terms of participation in membership:

· Open– any state can become a member at its discretion;

· Closed– where the reception is at the invitation of the original founders (NATO).

Main functions.1. Assistance- organization international conferences, collection and analysis of statistical and factual materials, publication and dissemination of statistics and research, provision of premises and secretariat for multilateral and bilateral negotiations.

2. Observation- assistance with the possibility of formulating and promulgating the official point of view of the organization on certain problems, which is a way to create public opinion and thereby influencing the country's economic policy. The most typical example of an organization performing a monitoring function is the UN; the UN does not possess any real levers of influence other than the power of persuasion.

3. Supervision- a more stringent form of monitoring associated with the obligation of countries to report on a regular basis and in an established form data on their economic situation and listen to recommendations on the substance of current economic development. A typical example is the IMF, whose main function is precisely strict supervision of the economic policies of member countries in order to provide them with recommendations based on international experience to prevent potential macroeconomic imbalances and the most effective solution existing problems.

4. Regulation- supervision, based on forcing countries to implement the recommendations of the international community through the development of relevant international norms and mechanisms for enforcing their implementation. An example is the WTO, within which certain international trade rules have been established, to which more than a hundred countries have agreed, as well as strict anti-dumping and other procedures that are applied against violators of the agreed rules.

The goals and functions of the IEO, both at the global and regional levels, are:

Studying and taking action on the most important problems in the field of international economic organizations; - Adoption of resolutions and recommendations in the field of regulation of world economic relations; - Promotion of reconstruction and economic development in developing countries; - Ensuring the stabilization of currencies; - Promoting the elimination of trade barriers and ensuring widespread trade between states; -Providing funds to complement private capital to assist technological and economic progress; - Stimulating improvement of working conditions and labor relations.

- ... Wikipedia

This article should be Wikified. Please format it according to the rules for formatting articles... Wikipedia

Great Britain- (United Kingdom) State of Great Britain, history and development of Great Britain, political and economic structure Information about the state of Great Britain, history of the emergence and development of Great Britain, political and economic... ... Investor Encyclopedia

ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)- one of the leading international economic organizations designed to coordinate and develop a common economic policy of capitalist countries, created in 1961 after the ratification of the Convention establishing the OECD, signed in 1960... ... Legal encyclopedia

- (OECD) one of the leading international economic organizations designed to coordinate and develop a common economic policy of capitalist countries, created in 1961 after the ratification of the Convention establishing the OECD, signed in... ... encyclopedic Dictionary economics and law

Government program- (Government program) A state program is an instrument of state regulation of the economy that ensures the achievement of long-term goals Concept state program, types of state federal and municipal programs,... ... Investor Encyclopedia

Labor market- (Labor market) The labor market is the sphere of formation of demand and supply for labor. Definition of the labor market, definition of the labor force, structure of the labor market, subjects of the labor market, labor market conditions, the essence of the open and hidden market... ... Investor Encyclopedia

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), state in the Center. Europe. Germany (Germania) as a territory inhabited by Herm tribes was first mentioned by Pytheas from Massalia in the 4th century. BC e. Later the name Germany was used to refer to Rome... ... Geographical encyclopedia

United States of America USA, state in North. America. Name includes: geogr. the term states (from English, state state), this is how self-governing territorial units are called in a number of countries; definition united, i.e. included in the federation,... ... Geographical encyclopedia

A country's economy- (National economy) The economy of a country is social relations to ensure the wealth of the country and the well-being of its citizens. The role of the national economy in the life of the state, the essence, functions, sectors and indicators of the country’s economy, the structure of countries... ... Investor Encyclopedia