And Mikulin’s biography. Mikulin Alexander Alexandrovich

Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin lived to be 95 years old. Throughout his life he promoted active longevity. This article introduces the main postulates of Mikulin’s system of active longevity.

Mikulin on artificial aging of the body

In 1978 A.A. Mikulin in the magazine “Physical Culture and Sports” said this: “At work, they sit in their pants for eight hours, and in the evening they add three or four hours of sitting in front of the TV. A person experiences on himself the artificial aging of the body and the development of sclerosis. Without thinking that there may not be a way back from such a disastrous experiment if you don’t come to your senses.” In his work “Anatomy. “Notes and Drawings” by Leonardo da Vinci described the cause of human aging as follows: “Old people living in perfect health die from lack of nutrition. And this happens because their path to the veins of the mesentery is constantly narrowing due to the thickening of the membrane of these veins up to the capillary veins, which are the first to close completely. It follows that old people are more afraid of cold than young people, and that those who are very old have skin the color of wood or dry chestnut, because this skin is almost devoid of nutrition. And with this membrane of the veins in humans the same thing happens as in oranges, in which the skin thickens and the flesh decreases as they become decrepit.” This opinion of Leonardo da Vinci, despite being “old,” can still serve as confirmation of the existing arguments of many physiologists about the causes of premature aging of a person who did not bother to understand these reasons and take basic measures to maintain the healthy state of his arteries and veins until old age. We pay life a tribute for the omissions that we make, relying too much on it, on the reserves it provides. Do not delude yourself: nature did not strive to ensure human longevity. And this is confirmed by numerous facts. For example, fragility of teeth, leading animals to premature death from starvation. Sudden weakening of vision and hearing has repeatedly led to defenselessness and death of many individuals. And what can we say about the uncontrolled accumulation of toxins and poisons in the intercellular spaces or about an incomprehensible disturbance in the activity of the central or vegetative nervous system? It seems that nature’s calculation was simple: it sought to accelerate the change of generations on the planet in order to quickly achieve the process of self-improvement (evolution). But you need to know a person who did not agree with his mother’s intentions. He leans on, fights, seeks opportunities to live and survive. Instead of teeth, he learned to make dentures. To help weakening eyesight he invented glasses. It suppresses pathological infection due to strong chemical compounds, and deals with old age through physical education and sports. However weak will and laziness is a person’s main enemy in the fight against old age. It was under the blows of this serious rival that many, many millions of earthlings found their untimely death from nervous stress and excessive slagging of the body. Because they were too lazy to do gymnastics and hardening procedures in the morning.

The reason for the aging of the body is toxins!

In the work of scientists at the University of Chicago in 1973, research materials were published that explained the cause of human aging by the gradual sedimentation of waste in the intercellular spaces, incl. and medulla.

But there must be some mechanical forces at work, pumping these waste products through myriads of living cells. Yes, of course, such forces exist. According to Mikulin, there are three of them. Firstly, this is the strength of vibration of the cells themselves. But it is very small. Secondly, it is the compression of cells that occurs during muscle contractions. And thirdly, these are inertial forces that arise in the gravitational field when the human body is shaken while walking, running, jumping. The conclusion can be drawn the same as we did before: run, jump and fight!

Mikulin active longevity system

In order to turn on the mentioned mechanisms of self-cleaning of cells and intercellular spaces, you need to take walks - for older people, or light jogging - for younger people. But this shouldn't be just a walk. You need to walk (run) quickly, cheerfully, trying to step on the ground as hard as possible, resting on your heel and placing your entire foot on the ground. It is such strong muscle contractions, as well as shocks and tremors of the whole body that cause a sharp and complete cleansing of the body of toxins. And after this walk (jog) and the subsequent cool shower, a person experiences not fatigue, but vigor and a surge of strength - the best indication of the usefulness of your efforts. Run“on tiptoe” is less useful, because tremors are weakened by tension in the foot. To gain maximum vigor and health, you should run (or strive for this) every day for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 km, trying to place your foot on the ground with your entire foot on the heel. G. Gilmore with his book “Running for Life” turned out to be only partly right. In fact, we run (or try to run) mainly for health reasons. And under no circumstances should you give your body a full load at once. You need to get used to running or fast walking gradually, slowly. On day 1, take 10 quick steps. Then, bending your elbows, run 5-10 steps. You need to breathe calmly and make sure that your breathing does not spiral. For 2 steps, inhale through your nose, for 2 steps, exhale through your mouth. And when the second wind appears, you can switch to longer inhalation and exhalation - after 4 steps. As your body adapts to running, reduce the walking distances in steps. Elderly people should alternate these segments every 1.5 minutes. Vibration gymnastics. Rise on your toes so that your heels lift off the floor by just 1 cm, and then throw yourself with your heels on the floor. The human body will experience a slight shock or shock. In this case, the same thing will happen as when running or walking: the blood in the veins and venous valves of the legs will receive an additional impulse to move upward. Such a concussion should be done slowly, no more than 1 time per second. After 30 exercises you need to take a break of 5-10 seconds. And do not raise your heels above the floor higher than 1 cm. This will not make the exercise more effective. For each exercise, you should do no more than 60 shakes (8-10 one-minute exercises per day). And don’t worry: vibration gymnastics does not pose any danger to the spine or its discs. But it will be very useful for people with a standing and sedentary way of working and living, for example, dispatchers, PC operators, scientists, secretaries and others. Heaviness in the head, resulting from a rush of blood as a result of prolonged and intense mental work, goes away after 2-3 minutes of vibration exercises. This is explained by the fact that with the help of inertial forces we increase the metabolism in the brain: venous, slagged blood is more energetically driven downwards, and arterial blood is driven upwards, to the brain.

Volitional gymnastics Mikulin

Mikulin's volitional gymnastics is useful even during illness. First you need to relax your whole body, and then gradually, using volitional impulses, tense your muscles 10 times without moving. The fingers should be tensed first, then the legs, then the muscles of the abdomen, chest, neck, and arms. This kind of gymnastics has a complex effect on the body and does not require any equipment. On the one hand, it excites bioelectric chemical reactions in cells, which enhances metabolism, and on the other hand, helps muscles and veins get rid of toxins. Do this gymnastics for 3-4 minutes. We should not forget that during volitional gymnastics, special attention must be paid to uniform and calm breathing. For every 5 muscle contractions you need to take 1 breath, and for 5 – exhale.

Breathing exercises by Mikulin

Breathing plays a very important role in Mikulin’s volitional gymnastics classes. As, indeed, in any other exercise system. After waking up. Lie on your back, if you were lying otherwise, and relax all your muscles as much as possible. But don’t fall asleep, but take as deep a breath as possible, sticking out all your mighty chest. When you succeed, by contracting the pectoral muscles, pull the diaphragm as far as possible to the lower abdomen. Its pressure will also spread to the internal organs: kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas - as under pressure, the toxins accumulated overnight will be displaced and removed from the cells and intercellular space. Pressing the diaphragm on the abdominal cavity should be accompanied by inflation of the abdomen, and the more, the better. You can master the art of “playing” the diaphragm down and up only by repeating the exercise many times and talking, well, at least to yourself. But let's get back to practice. breathing exercises. Lying on your back, you first need to take a deep breath, then use your diaphragm to inflate your stomach. Now you should hold your breath for 3-5 seconds so that, under the pressure of the intestines, the toxins have time to leave the places that they managed to occupy overnight. But you need to exhale air in ten small portions, pushing it through tightly compressed lips so that the entire stomach vibrates intensely. This massage is where the main benefit of breathing exercises lies! By the way, a person gets a similar effect when laughing. From here it becomes clear why in all centuries it was believed: healthy is the one who laughs well and a lot. So, in order not to overwork, you can perform these exercises in the morning and evening - 10 deep breaths and pulsating exhalations. This takes a maximum of 3-4 minutes. By the way, breathing exercises can stop a heart attack. To do this, immediately after the start of an accelerated heartbeat, you need to take a deep breath, stick out your stomach and try to hold it in this position for 2-3 seconds. Then repeat this technique 2 more times. It is rarely necessary to resort to the fourth cycle. Regular breathing exercises twice a day ensure that the elasticity of the diaphragm is maintained into old age.

Nutrition according to the Mikulin system

Our ancient ancestor ate irregularly, however, as many animals eat now. Therefore, nature tried to design the mechanism for using food in such a way that not all of it nutrients were absorbed by the cells immediately and stored in reserve. And she located these “bins” as close as possible to the areas where they are quickly absorbed into the blood and away from the muscles that could often use them. This is how “fat depots” appeared: intestines, abdominal wall, hips, neck, face - where the muscles contract most rarely and weakly. If you eat food without feeling hungry, then body weight and fat reserves will begin to increase daily and the person will gradually gain weight. And this is already dangerous for health, performance and longevity. Based on this, we can formulate the basic rules of nutrition and fasting. First rule: Do not sit down at the table until you feel very hungry. Second rule: The entire meal must be mentally divided into three phases. The first of them is satisfying strong hunger, the second is satiation. Get up from the table when you can eat the same amount of food with your appetite. The third phase is “gluttony.” This is when, after being full, you eat up what’s left tasty on the plate, or when relatives persuade you to eat another piece. A healthy person should exclude this phase from his daily routine! Then your body will learn to use most of the food you eat. Starvation. It is useful to carry out 1-2 seven-day fasts annually. The scheme is as follows. The night before, you need to do an enema with water at room temperature. The next morning, repeat the procedure. Then – daily morning exercises and a walk of 1-2 km. You will feel a “sucking” in the pit of your stomach. But this does not mean that this “spoon” needs to be fed. Drink 1-2 glasses of boiled water and the feeling of hunger will disappear. Continue with your normal routine throughout the day. working life. Any hunger that appears must be extinguished with the same water. This is how you need to live during the entire 7 days of fasting: evening and morning enemas and 10-12 glasses of water instead of solid food. Any medications or consumption of food, tea, sugar and other products are strictly prohibited! One cup of tea negates the benefits of the entire event, as it causes immediate release of gastric juice. If the above conditions are met, already on the 3rd day the juice stops being released, and the body begins to eat its cells. Which ones come first? Tissue, fat? Wrong! First of all, it eats diseased cells. It is because of this that healing from diseases is so often observed. If weakness suddenly appears during fasting, you need to do an enema as quickly as possible, preventing self-poisoning of the body with decay products. You should start eating on the 8th day in the morning like this: juices, yogurt, cottage cheese, tea, a lump of sugar. On the 9th day, boiled vegetables and crackers are added, and all this in small quantities every 2-3 hours. On the 10th day, supplement your menu with boiled chicken, potatoes, and rice. Next - normal nutrition without excesses.

Mikulin about harmful foods

A.A. Mikulin calls junk food a time bomb. He advises avoiding the following foods. Yeast products cause active fermentation in the intestines (it is better to eat yeast-free cakes). Animal fats promote sclerosis (replace them vegetable oil). Milk can be replaced with any type of bacterial derivatives (milk fungus is best); curdled milk, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk. Boiled meat or fish - in moderation. Meat soups are poorly broken down by the liver. More vegetables and cereals. Don't forget about the benefits of vitamins. Take ascorbic acid 1 g per day, as well as strawberries, rose hips, black currants, etc. Salt and sugar – less. During your life, you need to carefully monitor the regular bowel function and, if a disturbance occurs in the evening of the first day, help it by taking chewed rhubarb tablets or drinking half a glass of laxative tea. This way you can avoid many serious diseases.

How much sleep does a person need?

You got laid. I don't want to get up. It seems that you need to lie down a little more, and vigor and strength will return to you. Nonsense! Don't believe the wrong feelings! The longer you lie awake, the more you lose strength, and the more slagged you become. It has been proven that during sleep, cells are charged with electrical charges and are well cleansed by fresh arterial blood from lactic acid and by-products of oxidation and metabolism. This is useful! On the other hand, waste products gradually accumulate in the cells while lying down, which is certainly harmful.

Mikulin's daily routine

Here is the exact work schedule of Academician Mikulin - from Mikulin himself. The alarm clock rings at 7 o'clock. I wake up. I remove the grounding from my legs and turn on the room ionizer. I stretch and, lying in bed on my back, begin breathing exercises. Inhale deeply, strive to direct the diaphragm to the lower abdomen, hold for 3 seconds and exhale abruptly through pursed lips in 8-10 portions. I do 10 such exercises, each for 6 seconds, the total time is 1 minute. Next I do volitional gymnastics – 1 minute. Then, continuing to lie on my back, I do an exercise called “bicycle.” I keep my hands under my hips on my belt. The legs are raised up and perform the movements of a cyclist - they pedal 20 revolutions with each leg. Then the legs straighten, describe the widest possible circles 3 times, and again “bicycle” - 20 times. And so - 3 cycles. Each cycle is 25 seconds, the entire exercise is 2 minutes. I get out of bed and begin freestyle gymnastics with 2-kilogram weights. First, exercises for the arms, then squats, bends, turns, etc. - just 5 minutes. I really love the complex developed by Yu. Shaposhnikov, senior coach of the Moscow Chaika swimming pool. Shaposhnikov's set of gymnastic exercises I.p. – basic stance, dumbbells in lowered hands. Raise your arms straight up while simultaneously raising your body on your toes – inhale. Lowering your hands down, return to IP. - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – basic stance, dumbbells in lowered hands, palms facing forward. Alternate flexion and extension of the arms at the elbow joints. During arm curls, the dumbbells touch the shoulders and the elbows remain motionless. Breathing is voluntary. 15-20 times. I.p. – extend your arms with dumbbells forward. Extend your straight arms to the sides until they fail so that your shoulder blades come together - inhale, bring your arms in front of you - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – standing, the torso is tilted forward to a horizontal position, arms with dumbbells are lowered down, palms inward. Raise your arms straight to the sides - inhale, lower your arms into a standing position. - exhale. 10-12 times. I.p. – sitting on a chair, feet secured to a fixed support, hands with dumbbells behind the head. Slowly lean back, turning your torso to the left - inhale. Return to i.p. - exhale. Do the same, turning your torso to the right side 6-8 times. I. p. - lying on your back on the floor or on a bench, arms with dumbbells along the body, palms down. Raise your straight arms forward and lower them back until they touch the floor – inhale. Return to the ip position with the reverse movement of the hands - exhale. 10-15 times. I.p. – feet shoulder-width apart, arms with dumbbells at the top. As you inhale, tilt your torso while simultaneously swinging your arms down and between your legs - exhale. Straightening your torso, raise your arms up - inhale 8-12 times. I.p. – feet shoulder-width apart, arms outstretched with dumbbells at the top. Rotation of the pelvis in one direction and the other. Do not hold your breath. I personally, after gymnastics, proceed to exercise on the “health machine” and do 3 cycles of 15 full movements of the body forward and backward. After each cycle - rest with deep breathing (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth), each cycle - 2 minutes, and a total of 6. Then I turn off the ionizer. I put on a training suit and run along the alleys and boulevards for 3 km, alternating between running at a fast pace every 5 minutes, stepping hard on the entire foot, mainly on the heel. After the “second wind” appears, I inhale and exhale for 4 steps. To cleanse the lungs, after every 25-30 steps I take a deep “ventilation” breath. Note. If the weather is very bad, I jog at home on the spot or along the corridor for 10 minutes. Then it’s the turn of vibration gymnastics. Remember 60 shaking-lifting on your toes 1 cm and hitting your heels on the floor in the doorway? This is done for complete cleaning veins from toxins. I only spend 2 minutes. If there was no sweating during exercise, then I proceed to a room bath in the bathroom - 5 minutes, then a shower - 1 minute (first warm, then cool). Total, 6 min. And if I don’t have time to shower, I make sure to wipe my entire body with a furry mitten. Water is at room temperature. After that, I shave, wash and dress – 10 minutes. So, the morning time required for healthy physiological preparation of the body, a person, for a working day is: 10 breathing exercises in bed - 1 min. Volitional gymnastics – 1 min. Gymnastics for legs – “bicycle” – 2 min. Freestyle gymnastics with dumbbells – 5 min. Lesson on the “health machine” – 6 min. Running in the air 3 km – 20 min. Vibrogymnastics – 2 min. Artificial bath in a home steam room – 5 min. Shower, shave, wash – 10 min. Breakfast – 10 min. Unforeseen loss of time - 10-12 minutes. Total: about 1 hour 15 minutes. This is an inexpensive price to pay for longevity! I have breakfast mostly with oatmeal, which is prepared not by Barrymore, but by myself. During breakfast I turn on my ionizer again. At work and at home during the day, I am mainly occupied with my mental home. To rest the brain cells, I try to get distracted every 1.5-2 hours and 5 minutes and do vibration exercises - 2 cycles of concussions. This “strangeness” of mine allows me to dramatically reduce lethargy and tension in stagnant areas of the body. In addition, I try to walk daily at a fast, brisk pace for at least 2-3 km. To relax my brain in the evening, I don’t download it, but read fiction for 1 hour. Before going to bed, take a 10-15 minute walk at a brisk pace. I go to bed at 11 pm. To acquire work activity, I consider it quite sufficient to spend about 1.5 hours a day on your health, which is only 9% of your waking time per day. Every person at any age who has mastered such a regime, which does not present any difficulties, can be proud of his willpower. Give it a try. Wish you luck, good health and longevity of your working life.

Mikulin on negative ions

The presence in the air of an optimal amount of light negatively charged ions (from 500 to 5000 per 1 cm3 of air) is explained healing properties atmosphere of many resorts, incl. in Abkhazia, where many centenarians live. In 1953, authors A.A. Mikulin, G.P. Golovanova and A.G. Tseitlin was the first to create the IM-5 hydroionizer, which can significantly reduce the number of pathological bacteria in the air. Nowadays there are many variations of household air ionizers, both foreign and domestic.

A.A. Mikulin was one of the first Soviet designers who created suitable mass application aircraft engines that have withstood the test of long-distance flights and war.

Alexander Mikulin was born on February 2, 1895 in Vladimir. Mikulin's father - also Alexander Alexandrovich - was a mechanical engineer who graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School (Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School, now MSTU). Subsequently, he worked in Vladimir as a factory inspector.

Mikulin's mother, Vera Egorovna, was the sister of Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky. Alexander Mikulin Jr. spent his childhood in Zhukovsky’s estate and was brought up under his influence. Alexander's passion for design manifested itself in early childhood. So, he decided to lift buckets of water from a well using a steam turbine he designed and built. When tested under light load, the turbine operated normally. However, when trying to boost the turbine by “giving in steam,” the designer failed: the boiler exploded. The inventor himself suffered a little. This was the first acquaintance in his life with a turbine engine.

Even as a child, Alexander mastered the German and French languages well. Subsequently, this came in handy: in Kyiv, Mikulin entered the Catherine Real School, where teaching was conducted mainly in German.

From his youth he was involved in flying airplanes.

In general, he studied well, but without much diligence. The exception was physics. Young Mikulin loved to tinker, giving vent to his passion for design. Quite by chance, he met the German Schreiber, who worked under a contract as a driver and mechanic of a private Daimler-Benz car. Thanks to this acquaintance, Alexander became seriously interested in studying a car engine, helped rebuild it, and learned to drive a car. From that moment on, Mikulin was captivated by the idea of creating a motor of his own design. He began sketching out various options for internal combustion engines, as well as steam turbines. One of his original ideas turned out to be related to the design of the Wankel engine that appeared later.

Alexander even began the practical construction of an internal combustion engine in the school’s physics laboratory. However, at the same time, he violated the rules established at the school, and it was not possible to complete the creation of the motor: it all ended in a scandal.

As a student, Alexander listened to lectures by N.E. Zhukovsky and was familiar with the novice designer I.I. Sikorsky.

In the spring of 1914, Mikulin successfully passed the exams for the second year and received permission to transfer to the ITU. Soon he moved to Moscow, settling in Zhukovsky’s apartment. In Moscow, student Mikulin actively participated in the work of Professor Zhukovsky’s aeronautical circle.

Even then, among equal members of the circle, Mikulin stood out for his extraordinary design talent. He was an excellent drawer, and his sketches of the original layouts of various mechanisms were distinguished by exceptionally accurate graphics and completeness of technical solutions. Alexander proposed a number of design improvements for the laboratory and experimental equipment used by the circle.

In August 1914, the First World War. Soon N.E. Zhukovsky, considered the most authoritative scientist in the field of aeronautical and hydrodynamics, took the post of head of the inventions department at the Military-Industrial Committee.

Zhukovsky wrote the famous work “Bombing from an Airplane” and announced a competition for the development of aerial bombs. Among others, Mikulin was entrusted with the creation of an incendiary bomb. Tests of a fairly wide range of aerial bombs were carried out at Khodynka. The design developed by Mikulin himself was recognized as the best incendiary bomb. He was awarded an honorary diploma and a prize of one thousand rubles in gold. The latter, however, was recommended to be sacrificed for the needs of the war, which he did.

After October revolution Mikulin worked in the aviation laboratory of the Moscow Higher Technical University, in the committee for inventions, then under the leadership of Professor N.R. Brilinga was a designer who developed snowmobiles at TsAGI.

In 1924, Mikulin was assigned to independently develop a low-power engine for the T-19 wedge. The motor was put into production and released in a small series. It became the second tank engine created by Mikulin. Then low-power engines "Alpha" and "Beta" were designed and built.

In 1926, Mikulin became the chief designer of NAMI aircraft engines. With his participation, the NAMI-100 (M-12) engine with a power of 100 hp was developed, intended for the U-2 training biplane. However, it was not possible to finish the engine on time. Part of the failure can be explained by the death of Mikulin’s father, because all concerns about the family from that moment fell on Alexander’s shoulders. IN mass production handed over another, more refined M-11 engine, designed under the leadership of A.D. Shvetsova.

The Soviet air fleet was in dire need of a powerful engine to create effective heavy bombers.

NAMI engine builders were tasked with developing an aircraft engine with a power of 700 hp. Brilling personally led the process of designing the engine, which was named M-13.

The main bet was made on the M-13. The development of the motor drawings was led by Mikulin. The prototypes were expected to be assembled at the M.V. Motor Plant. Frunze, formed by the merger of the Motor and Ikar plants with their subsequent reconstruction. In 1928, the first three experimental M-13 engines arrived for testing at NAMI.

Already the first tests of the new product led to disappointment: the M-13 was able to develop power of no more than 600 hp. Then even bigger troubles began. During operation, the engine began to collapse: the valve plates were torn off the rods and, crushed by the pistons, flew into the manifold. The same thing happened with the second and third prototypes. The failure with the M-13 undermined faith in the possibility of creating a powerful aircraft engine on our own. This point of view was also shared by the new head of NAMI, Zelinsky. But Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin did not intend to retreat. He believed that as a result of developments, including unsuccessful ones, invaluable design experience is accumulated, without which it is impossible to create a working machine.

In 1930, Mikulin began to implement the idea that had matured in him back in 1928: the creation of an engine superior in power to the M-17. On initial stage he met with serious opposition from the leadership of NAMI. Despite this, in May 1930 Mikulin managed to get approval for the engine layout he proposed.

The development of working drawings was completed by July 1930. In October, testing of the experimental unit began, and by August 1931, a run-in and preliminary test of the “full-scale” engine was carried out. From August 2 to November 7, the engine, designated M-34, successfully passed 100-hour state tests and at the beginning of 1932 was transferred to mass production.

The M-34 had outstanding technical data for its time and was superior to the best foreign models. Its rated power was 750 hp, and its takeoff power was 850 hp. with a dry weight of 535 kg.

After state tests of the M-34R engine (A.A. Mikulin. G.F. Ulyanov, L.S. Tatko, V.P. Petrov, A.A. Rosenfeld, etc.)

Simultaneously with the preparation of the M-34 engine for introduction into the series, the development of a gearbox, supercharger, and variable pitch propeller began in order to improve its technical characteristics. In 1931, the design of the geared version of the M-34R was completed; in parallel, the design of the M-34N engine with a two-speed supercharger was carried out, providing an altitude of 5000 m.

The M-34RN engine, equipped with a gearbox and supercharger, passed state tests in 1934. The director of the Soviet pavilion at the 2nd International Aviation Exhibition, held in 1934 in Copenhagen, noted in his report that visitors to the exhibition showed the greatest interest in the M engine -34РН, which was not inferior to foreign ones in terms of finishing and technical data.

The M-34 engine in various modifications was installed on a number of production aircraft, such as TB-3, R-Z, MDR-2. The world's largest aircraft, the Maxim Gorky, was equipped with the same engines. Of particular note is the use of the M-34 on taxiway aircraft. In 1934, on the RD-1 aircraft, the crew of pilots M.M. Gromov and A.I. Owl, navigator I.T. Spirin made a flight over a distance of 12,411 km along a closed route. The plane was in the air for 75 hours, which was comparable to the service life of the engine. In 1936, the crew of V.P. Chkalova, G.F. Baidukova and A.V. Belyakov on an RD (ANT-25) aircraft with an M-34 engine made a non-stop flight along the route: Shchelkovo - Kamchatka - Udd Island with a length of 9374 km, and in 1937 they also made a flight along the route Shchelkovo - North Pole - Portland (USA) length 8509 km. In the same year, the crew consisting of M.M. Gromova, A.B. Yumashev and S.A. Danilina made a flight along the route Shchelkovo - North Pole - San Jacinto (USA) with a length of 10,148 km. At the same time, a new world record for straight flight distance without landing was set. Flights to America were carried out along completely undeveloped routes, in very difficult weather conditions. Thus, Gromov’s crew encountered three cyclones during the flight. “American” flights became a real triumph for Soviet aviation, its pilots and navigators, the aviation industry and, in particular, the domestic engine industry. At the same time, it was a triumph for Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, the aircraft designer, and a huge success for Mikulin, the engine designer.

In the early 40s, AM-38, AM-38 FN and AM-42 appeared. Reliable engines were produced en masse. Mikulin brought piston engines to perfection.

During the Great Patriotic War he also led the creation of powerful GAM-35f engines for coastal defense boats.

In 1940, Alexander Alexandrovich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, and in 1943 he was elected academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1944, the aircraft designer was awarded the rank of major general of the engineering and technical service.

In the post-war years, the issue of gas turbine engines. Mikulin, his deputy for design S.K. Tumansky and deputy for science B.S. Stechkin were tasked with creating an engine with greater thrust. In 1947, the first turbocompressor jet engine TKRD-1 with a thrust of 3780 kilograms of force was designed. Subsequently, more and more powerful engines were created according to his scheme.

Mikulin Design Bureau created powerful engines for jet bombers and passenger aircraft. Among them was the AM-3 and its modifications with a thrust of up to 11,500 kgf. The industry has been producing them since 1952. These engines were installed on Tu-16 bombers, Tu-104 aircraft and long-range bombers. The developed engines were in service for more than 20 years. They were distinguished by reliability, long service life and maintainability.

In the early 50s, at the base scientific research Mikulin Design Bureau developed powerful engines with low specific weight and overall dimensions. One of these engines, the RD-9B, was widely used on fighter aircraft.

Mikulin introduced regulation of heaters with rotary blades, two-speed heaters, high inflation and cooling of air in front of the carburetor, developed the first domestic turbocharger and variable pitch propeller.

The inquisitive mind of the designer turned not only to engines. He became interested in the effect of static electricity on humans and proposed periodically grounding the human body and increasing the humidity in the room using an ionizer, which he himself invented. Perhaps these measures helped the scientist maintain vigor and efficiency for over 80 years.

Alexander Alexandrovich died in 1985 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

The inactive lifestyle of most people forces them to look for simple methods of healing the body. One of the proven ones is Mikulin’s vibration gymnastics. If a person has a sedentary job, is unable to play sports, has restrictions on physical activity or prolonged physical activity, then this complex will help relieve tension and tone the entire body.

A little about the author

Alexander Aleksandrovich Mikulin is a famous Soviet scientist, specialist in aircraft engine design, nephew and student of the “father of Russian aviation” N. E. Zhukovsky. Labor activity He began working as a mechanic and molder at an aircraft plant, and later held the position of chief designer of the Frunze Moscow Aviation Plant. Hero of Socialist Labor, winner of four Stalin Prizes.

After suffering a myocardial infarction at the age of 55, he developed his own unique healing system based on the similarity of structure noted by the author human body and technical devices. The results of his research were presented by Academician Mikulin in a book about vibration gymnastics “Active longevity (my system for fighting old age)”, which was not allowed for publication by the Ministry of Health, since the author had no official relationship with medicine. Then Mikulin entered medical school and at the age of eighty he graduated with honors, after which he defended his dissertation on a medical topic and thus achieved the publication of his book.

The essence of vibration gymnastics

According to the author of the technique, most human diseases and aging processes are triggered by a lack of physical activity. Physical inactivity, according to his theory, leads to a slowdown in the removal of waste and toxins from the body, to stagnation of blood, and the formation of blood clots.

Therefore, Mikulin sought to come up with a set of specific exercises that would imitate walking or running, but would not have the contraindications and disadvantages inherent in traditional types of physical activity. The author has developed an exercise technique that creates body vibration similar to what happens when running and walking. It was called “Mikulin Vibrogymnastics”.

When performing the complex, the venous vessels become toned, their valves are trained, and the blood receives an additional impulse during a concussion and energetically rushes to the heart. In turn, this prevents stagnation and sedimentation of waste, and also prevents the formation of blood clots. Next, this impulsive push of venous blood to the heart causes an increased flow of fresh, oxygenated blood from the heart to all internal organs. This improves blood and lymph circulation, and consequently metabolism in all human organs and systems.

Indications

Academician Mikulin considered vibration gymnastics to be a type of physical therapy that would be useful to everyone without exception. First of all, it is necessary for people who, due to their profession, are forced to sit or stand for a long time. The exercise is also especially recommended for those who experience high mental stress, since, according to the author, the technique perfectly relieves the feeling of heaviness in the head and fatigue after prolonged intense mental work.

The inventor also recommended this set of exercises to patients for whom running and fast walking are contraindicated for health reasons. Mikulin’s book also notes that a direct indication for doing this gymnastics is the presence of diseases of the venous system (varicose veins, tendency to phlebitis) and an increased risk of thrombosis. Reviews of vibration gymnastics according to Mikulin confirm that the technique improves mood, adds strength and eliminates the feeling of fatigue.

Contraindications

Contraindications to Mikulin vibration gymnastics:

cardiovascular diseases, such as angina pectoris;
confirmed presence of blood clots in the veins (exercises can provoke the release of a blood clot with known serious complications);
presence of kidney stones or gallbladder(can provoke the passage of stones with a clinical picture of colic);
severe osteochondrosis and osteoporosis;
heel spur.

If you have or suspect diseases, you should consult a specialist.

The effectiveness of gymnastics

The effectiveness of Mikulin’s vibration gymnastics was confirmed famous people, eminent scientists who have personally tested this method. For example, academician Orbeli, who suffered a myocardial infarction, claimed that he felt a significant improvement in his health after a course of vibration exercises. Another evidence of effectiveness is the opinion of Academician V.A. Ambartsumyan, who suffered from recurrent thrombophlebitis. He noted that after further treatment of the next exacerbation of the disease, he decided to try Mikulin’s method and was very successful: for several years there were no relapses of the disease.

A. A. Mikulin himself, who strictly followed the health improvement system he developed, claimed that at 80 he felt younger and healthier than at 50. The academician lived to be 90, and last days he managed to maintain mobility and full ability to work.

What do we have to do

The exercise is very simple - in a standing position, repeat the following steps: slightly rise on your toes and sharply fall on your heels. But in order for vibration gymnastics to be effective and harmless, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances:

You need to lift your heels off the floor to a height of no more than five centimeters. A greater distance will not increase the positive effect, but will lead to fatigue of the foot muscles and excessively strong shaking of the spinal column.
You should “land” on your heels quite sharply, but not to such an extent that it causes any unpleasant sensations in the head or spine.
Shaking should be done at a fairly slow pace: no more than once per second. Faster does not make sense, since, according to the author, a sufficient amount of new blood simply does not have time to accumulate in the space between the valves of the veins, and the “wave” when shaking will be ineffective.
The exercise consists of two series of 30 shakes, with a break between series of 5-10 seconds. It must be repeated 3-5 times a day.

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A. A. Mikulin
Active longevity

HEALTH ENGINEERING

A story about academician A. A. Mikulin and his book “Active Longevity”

And in large lecture halls, embarrassments sometimes occur. The speaker's speech was suddenly interrupted by the rumble of the board on which he had just drawn another graph falling off the hook. Two students rushed to put her in her place. A sympathetic noise ran through the audience: the guys were sweating from the effort, but the heavy structure did not give in to their joint efforts. The lecturer at first watched the actions of the young people with some irony, then looked impatiently at his watch and said:

- Friends, leave the board alone for a minute. We need to organize labor differently. “You,” he turned to one of the students, “hold the board so that it doesn’t fall off the other loop and knock off your legs, and you stand on the side and make sure that the loop lands exactly on the hook.” And I…

And the venerable professor easily lifted the edge of the board.

The student, stunned by this turn of events, apparently remembering his summer practice in a construction team, commanded:

- Stop! Now mine little by little, a little more... done, sit down!

The professor wiped his hands with a handkerchief and calmly returned to the pulpit:

– Thank you, young people, for your help. But before we continue our conversation, let me make one remark. You both are probably about forty years old in total, no more. I'm eighty. Hence the conclusion: I strongly recommend doing physical exercise. Now let's go back to jet engines, used in domestic aviation.

The lecture was given by academician Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin. Enviable health and strength! But - it’s hard to believe this today - about thirty years ago medicine had great difficulty bringing him back to life. Not to mention lifting weights - moving was strictly prohibited. A life calculated by the minute, a life in which there was no time to take care of oneself, to listen to the beat of one’s own heart, suddenly suddenly slowed down its rapid pace.

“Until the age of fifty, I, like most people, did not attach much importance to physical culture,” writes A. A. Mikulin. “However, when I became seriously ill and ended up in the hospital, I had the desire and time to understand the complex structure of the human body. Having studied many books on this topic, I developed my own system, corrected and supplemented by criticism and experimental testing of my friends. This system has allowed me to overcome illnesses, stop aging and remain functional for many years, including the present.”

You need to look back into the past to understand not only why, but also, most importantly, how this person began to fight for his health, for his mind, because the answer would be too unambiguous, banal and fundamentally wrong: simply because he wanted, how all people, live longer.

As is customary among designers, he gave himself a “technical specification”, formulating it very briefly and clearly from the very beginning. Here it is:

1. Figure it out yourself and help everyone understand how the body works.

2. Help yourself and help everyone.

3. Longevity must be active.

According to the latest statistics, more than three hundred thousand people have crossed the ninety-year age limit in our country. There are many millions of those over seventy. This is the result of increased prosperity Soviet people, a consequence of medical advances. Helping such a huge army of knowledgeable, experienced people find the strength and opportunity to give back their knowledge, work, and experience to society for as long as possible is an important task.

... Let us turn to the beginning of the 20th century. An extensive office, the walls seem to be made of books. There is a green sofa, and two people are squatting near the sofa: the boy Sasha Mikulin and old man with a huge sculpted forehead and a bushy graying beard. A man brings some kind of toy mechanism back to life.

“You have to love cars,” he tells his nephew with gentle edification.

We are in the office of Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky, the father of Russian aviation. Subsequently, this office would become Alexander Mikulin’s home for many years, and the green sofa would become his bed. He will spend the most difficult times next to Nikolai Egorovich last years his life, filled to the limit with scientific activity and organizational work for the benefit of the young Soviet state.

We remember this not at all in order to illuminate Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin with the brilliance of the glory of a person close to him. After all, the main thing is not the great relative, but the fact that the best for construction was taken from him own life that the young man became a friend, assistant and successor of his work...

At the Moscow Higher Technical School N. E. Zhukovsky reads his famous course of lectures on aeronautics. The table lamp in the office, covered with a newspaper, is burning until late. But when the hand of a scientist weakens, his nephew acts as a diligent copyist of his lectures and articles. And when a scientist falls ill, the course of lectures is not interrupted. A young student enters the department, so far only in the role of a reader. And no one in the audience smiles ironically. Everyone knows: Alexander Mikulin has a moral right to this reading, because he himself is a member of the aeronautical circle organized on the initiative of Zhukovsky at the school, which, by the way, includes such brilliant young people as A. Tupolev, A. Arkhangelsky, K. Ushakov , V. Vetchinkin, B. Stechkin.

In 1918, Zhukovsky sent a memo to the leadership of the Red Air Force, c. which proves the need to create an Aviation Design and Test Bureau:

“It is true that the calculation and testing bureau represents a certain expense for the Air Fleet Administration,” he writes, “but maintaining a calculation bureau for a year costs the same as three crashed combat airplanes. In fact, over the past five weeks, eight aircraft have been destroyed at the Moscow airfield.”

Zhukovsky's idea was immediately accepted. You can staff your staff. They were already there - students of Zhukovsky and his like-minded people. The first aeromechanical engineers A. Arkhangelsky, A. Tupolev, B. Stechkin, V. Petlyakov, A. Mikulin completed the MVTU course.

The team's first work was a glider. Glider and aviation? No need to be surprised. This is the basis of tomorrow's seaplanes. Boris Stechkin and Alexander Mikulin are working on the engine.

In 1919, again on the initiative of Zhukovsky, KOMPAS - the Commission for the Construction of Snowmobiles - was created. And again, among the founders of this business, we see the young engineer A. Mikulin. Several snowmobile designs were used by the Red Army in the fight against the Whites, and then, in the twenties and thirties, snowmobiles began to successfully serve polar explorers.

“When low-speed “whatnots” were still flying in our skies, Nikolai Egorovich told me: “Aviation will develop due to engines,” recalls Academician A. A. Mikulin. “Probably, here we need to look for the origin of the business that I serve to this day.”

Today, asking the question who is the designer of aircraft with the TU or ANT emblem is awkward even for a schoolchild. Everyone knows that these are Tupolev machines. The famous attack aircraft, the “flying tank”, came out of the Ilyushin Design Bureau - everyone knows this too. The family of fast MiGs is Mikoyan and Gurevich...

But do you remember the pre-war song?

The mind gave us steel arms-wings, And instead of a heart - a fiery engine!

Who is the designer of the engines of these aircraft, reliable, powerful, ahead of the engineering thought of their time by several years and allowing them to put forward and implement a bold slogan; “Fly highest, farthest, fastest!”?

This question can be safely asked not only to schoolchildren. The names of the creators of “fiery hearts” are much less known.

...The legendary flight of Valery Chkalov across the North Pole to America on the Tupolev ANT-25. Repetition of this flight by M. Gromov on the same type of machine. Let's add: with engines of the highest reliability and power for their time. Their designer is A. A. Mikulin. He is the creator of the first aircraft engines of original domestic design, both piston and turbojet, which entered widespread use in the air fleet.

The engines of A. A Mikulin both before the war and in the post-war years (of course, no longer piston-jet engines) worked on many types of MiGs. The very first one, back in 1937, at an altitude of 6000 meters, developed a power of 1200 horsepower.

During the war, the design bureau, headed by A. A. Mikulin, created the powerful AM-38 engine for the IL-2 attack aircraft, which the Nazis feared like fire.

Over two decades of design work, there have been many engines that have entered mass production. Hugely stressful job. She is highly appreciated by the country. Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin - Hero of Socialist Labor (Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the conferment of this honorary title No. 3). He is a laureate of four State Prizes and a holder of many orders.

The creator of the perfect aircraft engines that brought glory and victories to our aviation, himself worked for decades for wear and tear.

In his youth, he was fond of dressage of Oryol trotters and won prizes at the races. Then he became an avid motorcycle racer and also competed. But work made me forget about all these sports hobbies.

A. A. Mikulin knew very well the service life of each engine, and in the instructions he precisely indicated the rules for caring for it, the timing of major and current repairs, and the time of decommissioning. These rules must be strictly followed in aviation. And he hopelessly started up his only and irreplaceable “engine” – his heart.

Write it off? He strongly disagreed. Examples of centenarians clearly prove that the body’s resources are much greater, we simply don’t take care of ourselves, the body works for wear and tear and breaks down ahead of time.

The analytical mind of the scientist, design engineer, and here, in a completely new problem, identified the main links in the search chain - the influence of biocurrents on human life, the study of blood circulation, breathing, sweating, the work of the muscular system during movements, physical exercises.

Mikulin sat down to read literature that was completely new to him. Some of my friends advised me not to waste time, to study physical therapy as directed by a doctor. That's all. And he diligently followed all instructions. But at the same time, he himself wanted to figure out why and how to engage in physical education, how to walk and run in order to get the maximum benefit from the movements for the body. He sought to analyze the main causes of aging and acted prudently and carefully. This time the experimental base was not a testing ground, not a laboratory, but he himself.

Gradually, a hypothesis took shape about one of the main causes of aging - the sedimentation of metabolic products, or, as A. A. Mikulin calls them, “slags,” in the intercellular spaces. This means that here, at this level, a person’s help to his own body should begin. And this help is in constant movement, breathing correctly, rational nutrition.

But the question may arise: didn’t A. A. Mikulin take on too bold a task when he began developing his system for fighting old age, offering his explanation for a number of physiological processes occurring in the body?

Nowadays, the frontier of research on the human body has expanded significantly. A chemist and a physicist study life at the molecular level. A doctor, a physiologist, a mathematician, an electrical engineer, an acoustician, a cyberneticist and even a nuclear energy specialist work together. This coordinated work helps to quickly climb the steps of knowledge of the most complex work of nature - man, helps to find new ways to combat ailments that recently seemed incurable, to maintain freshness of mind, good spirits, and physical strength into old age. And this gave Academician A. A. Mikulin the right to join the search from the standpoint of his extensive knowledge, which gives rise to unexpected and impossible analogies and conclusions for a non-engineer, to reflect on the human body, to reveal the secrets of the harmonious interaction of its elements and the reasons for the mismatch of its work; look for ways to increase efficiency, durability and reliability, offer your own physical exercises, rules of behavior and nutrition; invent devices and mechanisms. He confirms the validity of his thoughts, conclusions and recommendations through personal practice, his own health and active work at the age of 82.

But still, what is the opinion of physiologists and biologists about the system of struggle for the creative longevity of an engineer - a specialist in aircraft engines, when they read the manuscript in which this system was set out? Let's give them the floor.

Academician, Secretary of the Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences E.M. Crepe:

“After a lot of editorial work that I did together with the author regarding the physiological concepts and facts raised, I believe that in general the manuscript is of great interest and useful for publication in the popular science literature section.”

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V. N. Guryev:

“The monograph is of great interest. We can agree with all the main provisions. The book is very useful..."

“I didn’t find any flaws,” says the head of the Leningradsky Laboratory of Physiological Cybernetics state university Professor P.I. Gulyaev.

Academician A.L. Kursanov:

“I must admit that, as a biologist, I find some of our formulations too bold, but this should not prevent me from seeing the main thing in your work - its originality, which consists in the fact that you strive to understand the organization of the human body, evaluating it with the eyes of a design engineer and Mechanics. At the same time, you manage to see many familiar phenomena in a new light, which either convinces you that you are right or encourages you to search for approaches to verifying them, and therefore gives rise to creative thought.”

Academician A. A. Imshenetsky:

And finally, the opinion of the Scientist medical advice Ministry of Health of the USSR, sent to the Editorial and Publishing Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences:

“The Scientific Medical Council of the USSR Ministry of Health does not object to the publication of Academician A. A. Mikulin’s book “My system for fighting old age” (“Active longevity”).

Deputy Chairman of the Scientific Medical Council of the USSR Ministry of Health, Professor G.K. Ushakov.”

A number of authoritative statements could be continued. The above is enough to turn with interest to the pages of this book, the purpose of which is to convince: you need to learn to fight for yourself, for your health, in order to be useful to society for as long as possible.

S. Chumakov

Chapter I
HOW THIS BOOK WAS BORN

Every person wants to live, be healthy and work as long as possible without feeling the burden of old age. But, they say, old age creeps up unnoticed, and nothing can be done about it. How much fatalism and resignation to fate there is in such a generally accepted opinion! Most often, in the fight against old age, a person goes into deep defense. The system of struggle, in general, is the same: “defensive lines” of medicines are erected, but victories over senile ailments turn out to be imaginary. Every year a person imposes more and more prohibitions on himself; do not run, do not walk quickly, do not lift heavy objects, do not work, but all these prohibitions do not push back, but bring old age closer. The body becomes decrepit.

Somehow, imperceptibly, a time comes when old acquaintances, when they meet, instead of the usual “How are you living?” They ask the question: “How do you feel?” “We’ll creak a little,” you answer, and the main topic of conversation becomes not business, but health. There's nothing you can do about it - age. But maybe it’s not age that’s to blame, but ourselves, and old age doesn’t creep up on us at all, but we ourselves drag it into the house, although it resists and repeats: “It’s too early for me to take you into my own hands.”

Thirty years ago I felt much worse and older than I do today. Until the age of fifty, like most people, I did not really care about my health and did not attach much importance to physical education. However, when I became seriously ill and ended up in the hospital, I finally had the time and desire to understand - as an engineer, electronics, mechanics and designer - the causes of aging of the human body, to develop active system fight against old age. I wanted to do this not in order to “creak” for as long as possible and, having retired, to watch from the side how life is in full swing, but in order to be an active participant in it for as long as possible and work fully.

More than three hundred years ago, the science of gerontology arose, whose task was to solve the problem of longevity and fight against old age. Thousands of physicians, biologists, physiologists and other scientists are working today to resolve these issues. Research institutes of gerontology have been established in the USSR and other countries. Scientists from different fields exchange opinions at gerontological congresses. After all, there are more than two hundred hypotheses about the causes of old age and age-related diseases.

The literature contains information about many centenarians. For example, Kentingern lived 185 years, Peter Zortai also lived 185. Natural longevity is not uncommon in the USSR. In our country, over 30,000 workers and pensioners are over 100 years old and 300,000 are over 90 years old. I personally studied the life of the Abkhazian comrade Kiut, who is 153 years old. He worked in the garden every day and mounted his horse without assistance. You can imagine what a horseman he was at 100 years old! All this suggests that people and their biological cells can live for a very long time. You just need to create for the cells, specifically for the cells, such conditions external environment, in which new cells born as a result of division would not lose the young, full-fledged qualities of their relatives.

Many works on biophysics, biochemistry, and physiology are devoted to the topic of living cells. But only a specialist can understand these works. At the same time, I am convinced that every person should, as early as possible, learn at least the most basic information about physiological, design features of your body, directly and primarily affecting health, good spirits and longevity of working life.

While we are healthy or feel healthy, we exploit ourselves, our organs, our capabilities without regard, without thinking about the consequences. We treat cars much more thriftily.

For example, you bought yourself a motorcycle. But you won’t ride it until you study the design and purpose of its parts, and the rules of driving. You can't help them long time use if you start using it for wear and tear. You will also not be able to use your organs rationally until you find out how they are structured, what their capabilities are and how they need to be helped in the name of preserving longevity at work. Therefore, in this book I touch upon the most important, basic features of human physiology. These include the following: the influence on human life of biocurrents, blood circulation, respiration, sweating, the role physical culture, movements for the muscular system.

Recently, articles on how to be healthy have increasingly appeared in the press. Interesting, for example, are the articles of the famous Soviet surgeon, academician of medical sciences N. M. Amosov. G. Gilmore’s brochure “Running for Life” was translated into Russian and published in large quantities. Some people are trying to experience yoga gymnastics.

However, many people, unfortunately, underestimate the decisive role of physical education in our modern life and do not take advantage of it. I think this is happening because none of the published works has a deep explanation of why you need to do physical exercise, why you need to walk and run, or how to walk and run.

We can say with absolute certainty that the overwhelming majority of people, especially those over 35 years old, do not run or do the gymnastics necessary for health, because no one explained to them in time why our body needs certain movements, no one proved that rest leads to laziness, lethargy and weakness, which immobility accelerates the onset of old age.

There are many recipes and recommendations. For example, one famous doctor considers turpentine baths to be the main way to longevity. When checking, it turned out that for me, for example, they are contraindicated. Hence the conclusion: not every person benefits from every remedy, for there are no two identical people in the world. Therefore, I do not undertake to write about the benefits or harms of medications. Doctors should do this.

The same means and techniques of behavior that I have developed and tested many times over three decades can be used by any person, since they relate only to the basic life properties and fundamental principles of the physiological nature of man.

I foresee a legitimate question about the right of an engineer to invade the field of physiology, make recommendations, develop and propose his own system. I'll try to answer it. To do this, you need to make a short excursion into history.

Not only doctors, but also great thinkers and scientists of the first centuries of our era studied the structure of the human body. This is evidenced by the works of Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates (on human nature), Gehlen, Eudemus and many other Alexandrian scientists from the school of Herophilus.

A particularly great contribution to the study of human and animal organs was made by the greatest genius of the Renaissance, painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and anatomist Leonardo da Vinci, who left behind a major work: “Anatomy Records and Drawings.” This book, by the way, was published in 1965 by the Nauka publishing house. It gives a description of all the bones, internal organs, nervous and vascular systems, as well as the muscular system, tendons, cartilage, and so on. For that time, only a completely exceptional, versatile thinker and scientist could perform such a universal and labor-intensive work.

Here is how Leonardo da Vinci describes the reason for aging in people:

“Old people living in perfect health die from lack of nutrition; and this happens because their path to the veins of the mesentery is constantly narrowing, due to the thickening of the membrane of these veins up to the capillary veins, which are the first to close completely. It follows that old people are more afraid of cold than young people, and that those who are very old have skin the color of wood or dry chestnut, because this skin is almost devoid of nutrition. And with this membrane of the veins in humans the same thing happens as in oranges, in which the skin thickens and the flesh decreases as they become decrepit.”

Although over 450 years have passed since the time of Leonardo, his laconic judgment can still be considered a very reliable proof of one of the reasons for the premature aging of people who did not understand their body and did not take basic physiological measures to maintain the healthy state of their arteries and veins.

By the way, I pay special attention to this issue in the book, because no matter how different people are in age, state of health, and physical development, the functions of arteries and veins are the same for everyone, the laws of metabolism are common for all people.

In addition to the works of Leonardo, I would like to dwell on the treatise of Andrei Vesalius “On the structure human body", published in 1543. His thoughts are topical even today, with modern development science and technology.

“There are many obstacles to the study of sciences and arts,” he wrote. – No small damage is caused by the excessively fractional division of those teachings that complete each of these sciences. And an even greater obstacle is the narrow distribution of individual areas of work among various specialists... (They) are so devoted to only one of his branches that the rest, which are closely related to him and inextricably linked with him, are left aside. That's why they never create anything outstanding..."

This deeply correct idea can be attributed to the previous teaching of medical sciences, which did not take into account the influence of electronics and electromagnetic fields on the healthy development of human cells, on his performance and longevity. And I pay attention to this issue in the book. After all, the influence of electromagnetic fields on all people is the same. They do not act selectively.

Recent years have been characterized by a comprehensive study of the human body by scientists of various specialties. In their ranks you will meet not only a doctor and a physiologist, but also specialists in the field of general biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics. The latest achievements of modern progress come to the service of medicine: laser, isotopes, cybernetics... The list goes on.

Today, a traumatologist can be found in the laboratory of strength of materials at the Polytechnic Institute. Without knowledge of the strength characteristics of bone, its resistance to compression and torsion, it is impossible to imagine effective treatment fractures.

The wonderful surgeon Nikolai Mikhailovich Amosov, whose articles I mentioned above, in addition to medicine, graduated from a correspondence industrial institute. A modern doctor needs engineering knowledge to be able to take a broader look at the functions and design of the human body, and to participate authoritatively in the introduction of scientific and technological progress into medical practice.

By main specialty I am a design engineer. This helped me, during the dissections and dissections of anatomical objects that I carried out under the guidance of anatomical experts, to understand how nature designed the human “mechanism”. In addition, I had to deeply study the course of physiology and do a lot of experiments to clarify some physiological processes and facts, conduct a series of experiments to identify the laws of muscle contractions, information about which I did not find in textbooks, It was on the basis of all my works on physiology, after After lengthy testing of each element of my system on myself, and then on my friends, I selected the necessary exercises for myself and recommend them to people of any age.

Now we are paying more and more attention to physical culture and sports. Many prominent scientists, medical and physical education workers write works on healthy behavior and useful exercises. I very much approve of their advice and try to follow it. But the material contained in this book does not repeat the information available in modern publications on this topic. I would say it only complements them.

I want to emphasize that my work is not a textbook. The topic of the work is an analysis of some of the main causes of aging that I have tested, theoretical and practical analysis, the role of biocurrents, breathing, sweating, a comparison of the living conditions of primitive and modern man and an assessment of the role of physical culture.

In addition, I offer some devices I have invented to combat old age. In the book I show what allowed me to overcome illnesses, stop aging and maintain youth and productivity for many years, including the present time.

And I really want as many people as possible to take advantage of this information.

Nature did not strive to ensure the longevity of animals and humans, which is confirmed by many facts. For example, fragility of teeth, leading representatives of the animal world to premature death from starvation. Weakened vision and hearing, which leads to death from defenselessness. Finally, premature death occurs from the accumulation of poisons and waste in the intercellular spaces and from disruption of the nervous system.

Apparently, nature sought to speed up the change of generations on Earth to speed up the process of self-improvement (evolution). Fresh buds on trees will not turn green until the wind blows off the old leaves. But man does not blindly obey nature. He struggles, and the ways of this struggle are different. Instead of teeth, he invented dentures. To help his weakening eyesight he made glasses. He opposed the achievements of medicine to diseases. Aging of the body - physical education and sports.

The reader may think that these short lines exhaust the first information about man’s struggle for longevity. Alas, they are not exhausted! It turns out that there is another enemy - insidious and invisible. His name is laziness and weak willpower.

Thousands of people met an untimely death from slagging of the body and impaired nervous activity only because they were too lazy to repeat the cycle of physical exercises every morning. To win health and a happy working life, it is not enough to buy a lot of books about the benefits of physical education, it is not enough to hang posters on the wall describing morning physical exercises. The main thing is to find willpower within yourself or gradually cultivate it in order to defeat laziness. Only in this case will success be ensured.

Repeated and lengthy experiments have shown that all the techniques and methods of my system can be used by both men and women, both teenagers and very old people to acquire health and increase their ability to work. However, for each person, the decisive condition for the usefulness of applying the recommendations is the obligatory observance of extreme gradualism and caution when mastering new exercises to which the body was not previously accustomed.

Living cells cannot change their structure and activity in one or two days. This takes time. An elderly person or someone who has not previously been involved in physical education should get involved in exercise for a month.

Day after day, you should gradually add one or two movements to each exercise (for example, lifting dumbbells). When running, add 5-10 steps every day, etc. up to a certain limit, individual for each person.

Sudden overexertion is extremely dangerous for the body. On the contrary, gradual mastery of exercises leads to strengthening of the entire body, makes a person healthier, more resilient, and leads to longevity.

I also consider it necessary to say a few words about my attitude to medicine and biology.

It is difficult to find words bright enough to express admiration for the activities of our party and the Soviet state aimed at further improvement medical care to the population and to organize recreation for people. Medicine and medical workers are doing a huge, useful job. However, it seems to me that in some cases, doctors, actively using medications, underestimate the role of such a factor as the independence of living cells, when a person will be able to create appropriate environmental conditions for their healing, development and restructuring. Here there is a wide field for interesting research.

If, for example, you take up rowing without training, then after an hour of rowing your palms will become covered with bloody blisters, since the cells have not yet adapted to the new environmental conditions - constant friction against the wood of the oars. However, if you approach such activities gradually and wisely, as you should do at the beginning of any sport, then after a few days hard calluses will appear on your hands. I looked at the structure of old and new cells under a microscope. They have nothing in common!

Mikulin Alexander Alexandrovich (2(14/02/1895 - 13/05/1985), Soviet designer aircraft engines, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943), major general of the engineering and technical service (1943), Hero of Socialist Labor (1940). Member of the CPSU since 1954.

In 1923 he began working as a designer at the Scientific Automotive Institute (since 1925 chief designer). In 1929 he developed a design for the AM-34 engine, which was successfully tested in 1931. The engine was installed on ANT-25 aircraft, on which in 1937 V.P. Chkalov and M.M. Gromov made long-distance non-stop flights across the North Pole to the USA. Built under the leadership of M. in 1939, the AM-35A engine was installed on MiG fighters.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, he led the creation of powerful AM-38 and AM-38f engines for Il-2 attack aircraft and GAM-35f for coastal defense boats.

Since 1943, general designer of aircraft engines.

Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, 6 other orders, as well as medals.

At the age of 50, doctors pleased him with the fact that he only had 2 years left to live. During this time he created his own health system and lived for another 40 years.

Books (1)

Active longevity

How to maintain health and prolong creative activity? This question worries many. In the book by A. Mikulin, an attempt is made to reveal the physiological patterns of aging of the body and to find ways to prolong active creative life.

Reader comments

Anatloy/ 01/16/2019 On my own behalf, I want to say that I completely agree with what Valentin said on August 19, 2012, you couldn’t say it better, I have nothing to add

Arkady/ 04/01/2017 This book is not perceived only by those people who have not yet been affected by the disease. Thanks to this book I live. Many thanks to Alexander Alexandrovich for his work.

Gregory/ 04/10/2016 cash Alexandra Aleksandrovichno personally at work in 1951-1955 He personally demonstrated to me the removal system. This was in his office at the 300 plant, apparently in 1954, and at the same time he demonstrated to me the lifting of my legs with the heel coming off. I have been doing this for many decades And thank God Now, similarly to the suggestions of Alexander Alexandrovich, I am engaged in the prevention of aneurysm. In my opinion, it helps. I do this by the method of decomposing 3 and 4-digit numbers into factors. And in my mind with my eyes closed. It helps. Try it. I advise everyone to send a positive charge from the body to grounding.

Paul/ 03/16/2016 Very good book! I recommend everyone to read and adopt a healthy lifestyle! Wishing you active longevity!

margarita/ 12/21/2015 I’m looking for a book, but I want to exchange a life with sores for a better one

Isaac/ 11/25/2015 you are all so smart, where do fools come from in your country and in such quantities

Iraq/ 10/31/2015 the most important thing is that the author experienced everything himself as a true doctor in ancient times.

Vladimir/ 08/14/2015 When an engineer takes on a humanitarian or natural science field, something very interesting usually results. From what I remember: Geodakyan with his theory of gender, Fomenko with his mathematical approach to history. And now there’s Mikulin with his approach to physiology. These areas always lack the common sense, moderation, meticulousness and practicality that characterize the engineering approach. And similar authors bring them there. For that we thank them very much.

Arsentiy/ 08/04/2014 Anatoly, you are an atheist and a skeptic. Of course, your life will not be fun at all. And the book is good.

Anatoly/ 03/25/2014 Having transformed the human body into “cubes” of known physical phenomena and effects in this book, a contemporary of giant construction projects, unfortunately, lost sight of one “cube” folk wisdom: "If God decides to punish a person, he deprives him of his reason." The cells of the respected author still lack intelligence. However, I have a proposal. So that after a couple of thousand years the book does not lose its relevance, it must be somehow updated and supplemented. Moreover, everyone loves playing with cubes. I played a little and I liked that oxygen can be transferred to the right place “through wires” from red blood cell to red blood cell. And I think a “small cart” “Wagon” of talented content would not hurt here...

Anatoly/ 01/31/2014 Reply to Lyudmila, who wrote: “For 30 years now, Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin has been one of the examples of human perfection for me” - It’s nice to read such lines. I remember I went to take a laboratory test feeling unwell. I was last in line. While I was waiting, I read one woman’s very heartfelt memoirs about L.D. Landau and two hours later I was already well.

Anatoly/ 01/31/2014 Reply to Valentin, who wrote: “Please note, the most intelligent books on health are kept silent: Bragg’s The Miracle of Fasting...” - Modern man, who has powerful energy, must understand that one should not expect a miracle from fasting. But, if you are too lazy to live without miracles, then you need to learn to “take a break from food,” which normal person at least you should always want...

Tata/ 11.11.2013 I am very happy that I found this book. This is a great help for me in planning. healthy image life. I recommend it to all sensible people.

Nikita/ 07/18/2013 Found a mention in Gubanov’s biography (Lifexpert). Previously, according to him, this book was chipboard - for official use, i.e. top secret, like Carnegie in his time.

Valentine/ 08/19/2012 I agree with previous assessments. On my own behalf, I would like to add that the very fact that our would-be doctors ignore this wonderful book suggests that the pharmaceutical mafia is omnipotent and invincible today... They need to make money, not treat people. Please note that the most intelligent books about health are kept silent: “The Miracle of Fasting” by Bragg, “Running from a Heart Attack” by Lydiard, “The Secret Wisdom of the Human Body” by Zalmanov, “Say Goodbye to Disease” by Gogulan... Neumyvakin, Buteyko, Vilunas, Montignac... All these authors care about human health, but this is not part of the plans of modern doctors, who benefit from people getting sick as often as possible...