Business on garbage - new ideas and ways to make money. Waste Recycling Business Ideas for Beginners with Minimal Investment Waste Collection as a Business

Greetings! Abroad, garbage has long been learned to recycle repeatedly into something useful. I recently read a joke on the Web: “to throw away tea bag in England, you need three containers. Tea - for food waste, a label and a bag - for paper, a paper clip - for metal. The funny thing is that there is some truth in this joke.

In Russia, unfortunately, garbage is just garbage. Which is good only to take it to the landfill. Or burn it in a recycling plant.

But you can make good money on recycling. It is stable, cost-effective and socially useful business. With good prospects and for the village.

I offer a couple of not quite standard, but, in my opinion, very promising options. True, the unappetizing "garbage" business is hardly suitable for women. Although, who knows. So, business ideas for beginners with minimal investment.

Disposal of old tires occurs in one of the ways. For example, "bald" tires can be burned. Or bury in the ground "to the waist" in the yards of high-rise buildings. By the way, such ugliness can only be found in the yards of the former USSR.

Neither one nor the other way suits us. First, it is harmful to the environment. And secondly, such barbaric disposal will not bring money.

There are two “paid” options to make money on tire recycling at home:

1. Crushing into crumbs. In cities, crumb rubber is used as a filler for soft surfaces on children's and sports grounds.
2. Pyrolysis (or depolymerization). In a nutshell: pyrolysis decomposes rubber into gas (similar to natural gas), carbon black, synthetic oil and raw materials for metallurgy (metal cord)

In fact, each of the four components is a sought-after raw material that can (and should) be sold.

Building concrete recycling

Construction waste contains a lot of useful things: brick, wood, metal and, of course, concrete.

How is concrete recycled? It is crushed, while extracting metal particles from it. Well, then the pieces of concrete are sorted by size - and they get secondary crushed stone. It can be used, for example, for backfilling an old pit or for “re-building”.

Abroad, old buildings have not been demolished for a long time, but carefully dismantled. Crushing and screening complexes are installed nearby. And the garbage is sorted in parallel with the dismantling process.

This approach allows you to reuse up to 80% construction waste! And sometimes you can open a small garbage recycling business in a garage.

cullet processing

Broken glass is the basis for a good business. Collecting glass fragments "at retail" is inconvenient and unprofitable. It’s easier to agree and pick up broken glass at the factory (there is always such a “good” in bulk). It makes sense to think about organizing special reception points.

How to prepare cullet for recycling? It must be collected, cleaned and crushed on special equipment. Recycling plants melt and filter the crushed glass.

Finished raw materials are bought, for example, from a manufacturer of glass products. Remelting a “semi-finished product” requires a lower temperature than making glass from scratch. Smelting furnaces operate in a gentle mode, which saves a lot of energy.

In addition, recycled cullet is readily purchased by insulation, brick, tile, ceramic and abrasive companies.

Plastic recycling

Dozens of types of plastics end up in household waste every day. But the most promising (in terms of processing) are plastic bottles.

Recycled PET packaging is the raw material for flex. From which you can make all the same plastic bottles, synthetic bristles, film, paving slabs and much more.

How is plastic recycled?

First, the raw materials are sorted by color. Dirt, stickers and foreign objects are removed from the bottles. Then the raw material is pressed. Then, on a special line, the resulting mass is crushed and processed in a steam boiler (where it is polished and rinsed).

Paper recycling

Unfortunately, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. It can withstand no more than 3-5 cycles. But, despite this, the "waste" market is still far from saturation.

Most often, manufacturers use a simple (or wet) technology:

1. Using a pulper, the paper dissolves in water
2. With the help of a cyclone cleaner, all foreign objects are removed from it
3. If cardboard is recycled, a thermochemical treatment step is added
4. The finished mixture is filtered through a sieve (fine cleaning)

Two-thirds of the recycled paper is used to make toilet paper and packaging board. But sometimes such raw materials are also used in the production of roofing materials.

Examples of successful business ideas "on the trash"

The desire to at least slightly protect the environment from tons of garbage allowed TerraCycle to open a very interesting and useful business. The authors of the idea launched a fashionable line of garbage accessories.

TerraCycle designers turn defective packaging from juices and other food products into cute lunch boxes, pencil boxes, bags and even jewelry for girls.

Another example. Architect Michael Reindols and his company Earthship are building houses out of garbage and tires. The load-bearing walls are old tires filled with earth. And the internal partitions are recycled bottles, canisters and other containers. It turned out that such structures provide ideal thermal conductivity in houses!

The most interesting thing is that the main income for a creative architect is not so much the construction itself, but rather the holding of training seminars and the sale of his own "cover" technology.

How do you feel about the recycling business?

Currently, it is very important to create a production facility that will process waste. This is due to serious environmental problems. Many do not even think that waste is a unique resource, but there are entrepreneurs who invest their finances to acquire them. After that, a profitable business is launched. The main positive point is the inexhaustibility of resources.

This article will present ideas on how you can make money on garbage, consider the significant nuances and key features of this topic, provide valuable recommendations for the implementation of projects, analyze possible difficulties on the way and ways to overcome them.

On the territory of Russia there is a huge amount of household waste, and its urgent disposal is very important. Currently, data show that only 1% of waste from hard materials, the rest remains unused. However, half of this waste can be recycled, so it can be recycled, extracting additional profit from this.

When considering specific objects of such raw materials, it is worth remembering paper products, metal, glass, polymers, etc. But tons of garbage are still in the landfill and only worsen the pollution situation environment. Now the issue of waste disposal is given special attention, because it is a serious ecological problem, and no solutions have yet been found.

Previously, such a business could not be called profitable, but the situation continued to change. Now the number of landfills that need to be cleaned up is enormous. Only a few factories process waste, so they are not able to solve this problem.

When starting a recycling business, it is worth remembering that it will continue to be relevant for the reason that the population will contribute to the production of new waste.

Next, you should consider the positive and negative aspects of this type of activity. Many business articles claim that the field of waste management is characterized by a low level of competition, but this opinion is erroneous.

It is quite difficult to start such a business because there are specific territories that are not allowed to be served. commercial organizations.According to the laws, there is a centralization of business, this causes a greater aggravation of competition.

However, this area can be a good option for beginners. It is quite possible to start your own business, but the market is characterized by special specifics, it may become more complex and change legislation.

How much can you earn from garbage:

People who aspire to discover similar business, should engage in constant and careful study of all processes observed in the market. Communicate with market participants, analyze the strategies of competitive enterprises, attend events organized by ministries and the executive branch, etc.

Pros and cons of a recycling business

Considering the advantages of this type of activity, special attention should be paid to:

• Relevance. This direction is characterized not only by the great benefits for the environment, but also by the fact that the owners will be able to get a good income.
• Support for local government. This area is rather poorly funded, so you can get help from the local government in organizing your business.
• Unlimited supply of raw materials.
• High profitability of the business, which is about 65-75%.
• Opportunities to start small. If the financial situation does not allow you to build a waste processing plant, then the option of a small workshop is quite affordable for you. Investments will not be very extensive, but the income will be quite good and stable, in the future it will be possible to develop the business.

Speaking of negative factors, you should remember about:

• High investment. The cost of equipment even for the workshop small size will be high enough.
• Bureaucracy. The stage when you will need to acquire permits from regulatory authorities can become problematic. Initially, difficulties also arise during the actual sale of recycled waste.

We are talking about the difficulties of a bureaucratic nature for building an enterprise and legal work (you should take care of licenses, permits, a sanitary zone, project preparation and other nuances). All of this can make starting a business a very time-consuming and time-consuming process.

• High competition. Organization of business in the area where it is present a large number of similar enterprises, a meaningless undertaking. Overcoming competition in such a situation would be almost impossible.
• No waste sorting system. Russia is different in that there is no preparatory sorting of waste and separate collection of waste. This will complicate all work processes in the future. To prepare the raw materials received for the processing stages, a large number of employees will have to be hired to sort household waste.

Such a decision can be extremely disadvantageous for your business. Do not forget about the existence of automatic lines for sorting processes, but such equipment is very expensive and not available to all businessmen.

Current options for such a business

Garbage removal

The initial task is to remove waste from the consumer area. The process of waste disposal is extremely simple. The most difficult part is the preparatory processes, when you have to obtain all the required permits. After resolving all legal issues, you can start buying equipment.

As for technical devices, for organizing such a business it is important to have a minimum set of equipment. We are talking about special trucks, which must be equipped with elevators or a garbage container. This is a good option exclusively for household waste.

If you are looking for a more economical and profitable solution, then you can consider buying garbage trucks that have a built-in press. This method of assembly will reduce the number of flights, and cash costs for fuel will be reduced several times. If you want to take out construction waste, you will have to take care of acquiring large-sized trucks.

As for the office, its presence is mandatory, although this business consists in the constant movement of vehicles. Such a room is necessary to accommodate administrative staff, accounting and dispatcher.

You should find a room of at least 20 square meters, this will be the best option for the successful organization of the reception and creating favorable conditions for employees. It is also important to have appropriate furniture, computer equipment and communication facilities in the office.

Is the garbage business relevant? Photo: plus.google.com

Speaking of working personnel, for this type of business you need to acquire the following staff: drivers, dispatchers, administrator, accountant. If the fleet increases, then it is better to attract mechanics as well.

Considering the formation of a client ball, it should be borne in mind that the main clients of organizations that are a variety of restaurants, canteens, hotels. All these establishments are characterized by the daily production of large amounts of food waste.

You can also carry out the conclusion of contracts with a utility company for garbage collection from residential complexes. The main advantage of this type of work is the availability of large volumes of available raw materials. Although the tariff rate is lower than the removal of waste from the commercial sectors, large volumes will give you the opportunity to earn a good income.

As for the key features of such a business, it is very important for you to conclude agreements with a landfill, where waste will be removed using coupons. It is very important to solve such a problem as transport costs, namely their reduction.

There are two ways to solve this problem - it is to increase the capacity of the garbage container, or it is also possible to purchase a garbage truck equipped with a press. The second method also contributes to an effective increase in transportation productivity. A bin with a press is another method to reduce the frequency of waste collection.

Considering the positive aspects of this kind of activity, it is worth noting that it does not require renting a large area, and you do not need to buy complex, expensive equipment. Comparing specifically this idea with others, the very organization of all processes will not be particularly costly.

The main drawback is the height of fuel costs, as well as the mandatory conclusion of an agreement with landfills so that waste can be stored there.

Garbage collection and sorting

European countries differ in that in their system, approximately 85% of the waste is used for re-production of something. On the territory of Russia, the operation of such a system is not so active due to low level development. Many entrepreneurs can take advantage of this opportunity to open their own profitable business, which will have a minimal investment.

Waste processing is carried out thanks to high-quality sorting. A certain percentage of recycled materials will no longer have the same properties after mixing in common containers, paper materials are susceptible to decay. For this reason, the correct sorting of waste during the collection itself is of such importance.

For beginners, the most relevant option will be the organization of the collection of recyclables. To do this, you will have to allocate about a million rubles. This amount of money will be needed to purchase several containers in accordance with the types of waste, obtain permission from the municipality and rent a small area for containers.

Finding buyers for secondary raw materials is considered secondary tasks. A large number of processing companies have special equipment, so the purchase of expensive equipment can become a completely pointless process.

Through this method of sorting waste, you can monthly generate income from objects such as waste paper, polymers, plastic bottles and aluminum cans, etc.

If you are interested in opening a waste sorting enterprise, then you will need to allocate larger investments. Required equipment includes a sorting line, storage bin, crusher, magnet and press.

How to organize a business on garbage? Photo: sweden.se

Do not forget that almost all work processes within the sorting room will be carried out manually. Therefore, a sorting plant with an average level of capacity needs a minimum of five workers. The cost of wages to workers can reach about 100 thousand rubles a month.

The sorting shop should also be located in the premises, the rental costs of which will be approximately 60 thousand rubles per month. Such a business will cost approximately 5 million rubles, taking into account the obtained permits, organizational processes and all sorting stages.

Sorting shops, which have an average capacity, can produce products every month, the volume of which will be about 16-22 tons. The price of one ton is determined by the type of waste. The average profit of such a sorting workshop will be approximately 110-140,000 rubles.

If you only plan to create a sorting shop, then you should remember the importance of regular deliveries of garbage. To do this, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the leaders of the local landfill, a representative of the point that accepts containers and plastic waste.

In addition, reliable suppliers include the local supermarket population, as they throw away cardboard and plastic boxes, paper, etc. on a daily basis.

Sorting can be arranged to include the purchase of a particular type of waste. This is the reception of glass containers, plastic waste and waste paper.

This solution may be less profitable, but it is cheaper and more suitable for beginner businessmen without large investments. For this, about 60-90 thousand rubles are enough, these cash will go to finding a small area to accommodate a waste collection point.

As for the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of occupation, it is important to remember that there is a high demand. This means a guaranteed demand for services after opening.

The negative factor is that you will have to allocate a large amount of money for the purchase of expensive equipment. Also, some part of the profit will need to be allocated to pay salaries. good specialists, which will sort all the raw materials.

Recycling

Most difficult process of this segment is precisely the stage of waste processing. With the help of high-quality processing, garbage can become something useful (energy, new raw materials, fertilizer, etc.).

A business that consists in recycling waste is not only economically beneficial for its owner, but also beneficial for the environment and the population as a whole. This explains the active spread of the theme of recycling, which is very beneficial for the investor.

New technologies continue to develop, so recycling processes include not only recycling, but also the creation of recyclable materials. Opening such a business will help in improving ecological state settlement, and will also consistently bring good profits.

This area is constantly evolving this moment the existence of several methods of waste treatment has been noted. Before planning the construction of a plant, you need to think about the future method that is right for you. We are talking about composting, briquetting, pyrolysis, pressing, etc.

The profit from such a plant will also be determined by the type of waste processed. Professionals in this field argue that the most profitable materials are paper and plastic. The profitability of processing these types of raw materials is very high.

To open your own waste recycling business, follow these steps:

1. and calculate the amount of planned expenses.
2. The determinant of what type of waste will be the best option for your enterprise.
3. Get support from local government leaders.
4. Register an enterprise, obtain a set of all required permits and.
5. Get a piece of land for your business.
6. Engage in obtaining technical conditions to connect to communications.
7. Take care of the construction of structures where the production workshop will be located.
8. Procurement of equipment, its installation and configuration.
9. Train employees to operate the equipment.
10. Find a waste supplier.
11. Find a buyer who will be interested in the finished secondary products of the plant.

How much can you earn if you hand over plastic waste:

As for the topic of the future premises, the waste processing plant should be located in a special place, the size of which should be at least 500 square meters. Part of this space will be dedicated to the warehouse.

We should also not forget about the administrative premises. The location of the office can be chosen in accordance with the territory of production, but other options are also possible.

If the workshop is located near the city dump, this will help reduce the cost of transporting raw materials, and you will not have to rent a room either.

Considering the topic of the necessary, you should remember about:

• storage bin;
• crusher;
• the press;
• front loader.

Do not forget also about specific equipment, which also sometimes has to be acquired over time.

Conclusion

A business built on the use of garbage is now the most relevant and quite profitable. However, to start it, it is important to soberly assess your chances of success and analyze the prospects for the future. This type of activity is suitable not only for entrepreneurs, but also for people for whom more important global problems present tense.

“Money doesn’t smell” is a perfectly accurate expression that describes making money recycling garbage.

Perhaps, high profitability this kind of business is due to the fact that for the majority, garbage is a completely useless thing, on which you certainly won’t earn anything.

Therefore, in our days, when rapidly infrastructure is developing, technology, production of products and materials, waste recycling business seems irrelevant and not profitable.

Trust me, this is a big mistake. Let's take a closer look at how the waste recycling business works.

Russia has accumulated about 3 billion tons of waste requiring urgent disposal. Every year another 60 million tons are added to this number. The prospect of its processing is relevant today more than ever.

Let's analyze the situation in more detail: about 95%-96% solid waste thrown into landfills.

Of these, approximately 60% is the most valuable material for processing:

• glass,
• cardboard,
• metal,
• plastic.

A small example: in 2014 in Moscow, out of 3 million tons of waste to be disposed of, just over 1% was recycled.

Why is the waste processing business so relevant today? After all, the same situation in the waste disposal market was before. The following positions became the distinctive factors most suitable for the implementation of projects of such a business right now:

• The emergence of inexpensive domestic equipment small and medium-sized waste processing facilities.
• Filling the sales market with many new small organizations engaged in production related to recycling.
• So far, the government has not interfered in any way with such a type of disposal as waste incineration, but soon it is planned passage of a law banning the incineration of garbage. Thus, the recycling business becomes a win-win option.

Turning trash into money

Of course, digging into someone else's trash can is not very pleasant, but let's analyze its contents in theory:

• to 10% waste paper;
• 15%-20% metal, rubber, textile etc.;
• up to 25% food waste;
• 4.45%-50% polymers.

Eventually, minimum 60% the contents of the average person's trash can be processed and sold for good money.

But, of course, this is just a theory. In practice, we do not smell of separate collection of waste. In this regard, we are far from Japan and many European countries.

Yes, of course, in some cities various containers for sorting garbage are installed, but at the moment they do not bring much benefit.

Of the actual 60% of good waste, after sorting, a little less than 30% of recyclable materials are actually obtained. Nevertheless, there is a way out of the situation - the purchase of special sorting plants.

While foreign companies are making fortunes on garbage, in Russia this area is almost completely free. So why not start turning trash into money today?

Choice of plant specialization

Certainly, the best option- the purchase of a complete chain of production for the processing of solid waste, but, let's be realistic, who among those who want to open a business on garbage has free 20 million dollars?

Therefore, it is best to start developing a business with recycling of a certain type of garbage.

Car tires

There are three types of tire recycling:

• grinding,
• burning,
• pyrolysis.

The last method is the most profitable and promising.

This is a way to decompose rubber into:

• carbon,
• raw materials for metallurgy,
• synthetic oil.

Probably, it is not necessary to say how much the above-mentioned raw materials are in demand.

Also, a very common way tire shredding.

From crumb rubber make:

• floor coverings for sports grounds and halls,
• produce rubber tiles
• used as a filler for sports equipment,
• component in the composition of new road surfaces,
• finishing material for construction, etc.

construction waste

In this area, special sorting plants cannot be dispensed with, since construction waste can contain completely different materials:

• metal,
• concrete,
• brick.

An example of recycled material from such a production line is rubble. The high profitability of this segment of the garbage waste market is due to the increased number of construction projects, as well as the increase in the cost of removing construction waste.

Thanks to mobile crushing and screening stations, waste from collapsed buildings can be processed right on site.

Glass

Finding material for recycling is quite easy:

• you can take cullet at glass factories,
• from our own organized collection point for glass containers,
• from the waste sorted by the sorting line.

With low cost equipment, demand for the resulting raw materials is very large, the cost of organizing production instantly pays off.

Paper and cardboard

Currently, 50% of the world's recycled material is cardboard and paper.

But, despite the fact that the number of new production organizations in this area is growing rapidly, the platform for business in it is still uncompetitive.

75% of the recycled goes to production and production of packaging, the remaining 25% is attributed to the production of materials for roofing. Therefore, the demand for the resulting raw materials is unshakably high.

Plastic bottles (PET)

There are plenty of products for disposal in landfills. You yourself can become a supplier of raw materials for, equip your plant with a sorting line. You can also purchase a mobile bottle recycling plant on site.

Pays for itself in a year and a half.

Documents receiving

The main document, without which there can be no question of the legal organization of a business on garbage, is license, giving the right to engage in the processing of solid waste. Get it in the Ministry of Ecology. The official cost of the document is about $7,500. But to get it, you often have to draw up additional various related documents, the total amount can grow by 2-3 times.

For the complete registration of a waste processing plant, one license from the Ministry of Ecology is not enough. You will also need to register an organization in the form of an LLC or IP.

To create and register your LLC, in addition to a license, you will need to prepare a number of documents:

• Registration card of a private person (owner).
• Permission to use the plant leased or own land, building, premises.
• Extract from the tax office.
• Permit SES, electrical and fire supervision.

Search for raw materials for processing

It is most profitable to take garbage from the housing stock. After all, it is the population of cities that most of all throws out garbage that needs to be disposed of. Here it is very important to attract residents to throw garbage into your "container". Of course, people pay pennies for garbage collection, but you need to convince them to spend these pennies on the services of your company.

Organize own collection points one or another type of waste, advertise your company, inform residents about how it is better and more profitable than others, locate your production near a landfill or solid waste landfill, or as close as possible to accumulations of raw materials, etc.

Premises and equipment

Typically a warehouse the production room is located next to a landfill or solid waste landfill.

The area of ​​the first should be approximately 100 square meters. m, the area of ​​the second - not less than 300 sq. m.

Premises must comply with sanitary and fire regulations.

In general, their purchase and refining will cost no less than 2 thousand dollars.

The “minimum” set, which is suitable for the implementation of the first steps of the waste processing business, will cost approximately $50,000. It includes:

• sorting line.
• Crusher.
• Press.
• Bunker.
• Magnet or any other additional equipment.

Perhaps it seems to you that it is best to immediately buy expensive imported equipment - we are forced to disappoint you. According to experts, it is much better to buy domestic production equipment for the following three reasons:

1. Cheaper.
2. Very often, more reliable.
3. Much easier to find repair parts.

Also, according to experts, one should not lose sight of inexpensive Chinese products: do not be biased towards the country of origin. In China, there are many world-renowned firms that manufacture waste processing equipment.

To locate your production line near a landfill, you need to take permission from the city utility service. It is issued only if there is a license for the processing of solid waste.

Staff

Waste processing industry cannot exist without labor force. As a rule, even a relatively small plant employs up to 40 people. Usually a shift consists of 10-15 people. Wage is a penny, on it you definitely will not go at a loss.

There are two classes service personnel at the recycling plant:

• 1.Working.
• 2.Specialist.

There is a difference in the monthly salaries of the two above workers, but it is not significant.

When opening an LLC, it is imperative to hire an additional manager, an accountant and a couple of people who control the production process at all its stages.

As a rule, they are paid the highest salary at the plant.

Where to sell products?

Take care of finding companies that manufacture products from recycled materials of your type of production.

• Glass. Look for glass factories that make abrasives, tiles, insulation, brick products.
• rubble. Submit ads for the sale of crushed stone, look for customers and provide them with a delivery service.
• . As a client, a cardboard and container plant or a toilet paper factory is perfect for you.
• Flex or granules(plastic recycling). Look for cooperation with a polymer plant that produces plastic containers, films, etc., as well as small offices and enterprises.
• Rubber crumb. It is sold with a bang to factories engaged in the production of rubber tiles, asphalt, road surfaces, sports equipment, building materials using rubber, etc.

Calculations

It is clear that the cost of building a plant directly depends on the material that it will process, but you can hardly do without:

• crushers,
• sorting line,
• bunker

The cost of the listed order is ~$40,000.

Also, be prepared to invest about $2,000 to buy:

• storage room,
• premises for the production line.

Approximately $300 will go to staff monthly salary(up to 40 people).

About 20% - payment for utility expenses.

For a ton of recycled waste, you will receive from $500 to $1,500, and, taking into account expenses, it is possible to have $10,000 in net income. Thus, Your business will pay off in six months after opening, gaining 50% profitability.

Before you do anything, you need to draw up at least a short business plan for yourself.

Results

Got the idea to open your own waste recycling business? Don't delay, it will be too late. Very soon, competition in this market will noticeably increase due to the factors mentioned in the article.

With a budget of $ 50,000, you can create and organize production for the processing of a certain type of waste and recoup it in 1-2 years. receiving stable income, there is an opportunity to gradually expand production, earning more and more!

The process of sorting and recycling waste is presented in the video:

In contact with

Under the natural conditions of a modern landfill, waste decomposes within a month, newspapers, cardboard, fallen leaves - up to 4 months, cans and old shoes - up to 10 years, and batteries, tires, plastic bottles and glass - up to 100, 140, 200 and 1000 years respectively. Given their annually increasing volume, humanity will soon run the risk of drowning in the waste products of its life. Moreover, it is no longer possible to fight the problem by banal arson, since large-scale smog flows can cause irreparable harm to public health. In this light, the issue of recycling is of great importance.

The state is taking certain steps in this direction, but business is more able to cope with the task. In Europe, waste recycling generates huge revenues, which has become the reason for high competition in this area. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the industry is still underdeveloped, which gives excellent chances to eventually take a leading position, becoming one of the largest suppliers of secondary raw materials to industrial enterprises.

Industry Features

The profitability of a medium-sized waste processing plant can reach 30% or more. However, when organizing production, the entrepreneur will face a number of difficulties.

The cost of the complex, designed for the collection and delivery, acceptance, processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of most types (excluding hazardous ones, which require separate licenses and high-tech equipment), will require more than tens of millions of dollars. And most of it will be the cost of the installations themselves. In addition, you will have to look for a production area larger than 500 m² and corresponding warehouses. In most cases, building from scratch is more profitable than renting, despite the high costs. One of the additional articles in this case will be the laying of communications, obtaining permits, licenses, approvals, and so on.

Government support, loans, grants and other ways to get additional funding will help make the start easier. When negotiating, remember that the introduction of modern and safe ways waste recycling is beneficial to local authorities. This can be a good argument in favor of land acquisition or the provision of optimal premises.

Entrepreneurs who are not yet ready for such large-scale investments can find their niche with local projects. For example, organize the reception of already sorted garbage of a certain type. Or just processing it. In this case, you only need to purchase a complete line for working with one or another type of raw material (most often, we are talking about paper, glass or plastic).

Types of MSW in terms of profitability

Ideally, a full-fledged plant should perform the full range of waste sorting and recycling functions:

• acceptance of municipal solid waste (sorted and mixed);
• sorting and processing of suitable resources (waste paper, polymers, broken glass, textiles, scrap metal);
• production of structural products from recycled secondary raw materials.

However, in practice, novice entrepreneurs most often choose a narrow direction of activity. At the same time, several typical “scenarios” of the enterprise operation can be distinguished, depending on the type chosen:

• Cardboard and paper. In this case, you can organize a small enterprise that collects, presses and sells the resulting product, or open a full-fledged processing plant.
• Polymers. Similar to the previous point. The most common companies are collecting waste and making recycled pellets from it, which are then purchased by enterprises in the production of plastic products.
• Glass. As a rule, entrepreneurs choose between the collection of containers (cullet) and the business of processing it.
• Tires. Here, most often we are talking about full-cycle enterprises - from collection to processing. Work can be carried out according to one of three algorithms: collection of worn-out goods from motor transport enterprises, purchase from the population with the organization of collection points, or paid acceptance for processing.

The priority work strategy and the type of raw materials are determined based on several factors that are individual for each locality. The most important of them is the norms of MSW accumulation. This indicator indicates their number, formed per unit of time in certain conditions. Knowing this, it is possible to accurately calculate how much raw material can be obtained by working in a certain area.

Speaking of profitability, we can cite the following data:

• aluminum, steel, other metal - almost 100% of the raw materials obtained are processed;
• textiles - depending on the type of fibers, up to 50% of the material is subject to processing;
• waste paper - the share of useful raw materials in unsorted waste is about 35%;
• glass - similar to waste paper.

Considering the prospects of this business, it is also necessary to take into account the liquidity of raw materials. It can be:

• highly liquid- a class of secondary raw materials, from which, as a result of processing, under existing conditions, it is possible to obtain products demanded by customers and sell them profitably. These are scrap metal of all types, clean waste from the paper and textile industries, cullet without impurities, etc.
• Medium liquid- MSW of medium quality, suitable for obtaining demanded products, but not highly profitable (the cost of the finished material is approximately equal to the cost on the market). These are mixed waste paper, cardboard, plastic with impurities, textiles, large wooden elements, broken glass, tires.
• Weakly liquid- requiring significant efforts for disposal and unprofitable for recycling. These are moisture-resistant cardboard and paper, polymer mixtures, bird fluff, cullet with significant contamination. In this case, you can earn income by recycling waste at the expense of the supplier.
• Illiquid- hazardous waste that cannot be disposed of. For example, multilayer polymer packaging, laminated paper are not suitable for obtaining secondary raw materials, therefore they are processed at the expense of the customer or special sources of financing - municipalities, etc.

At the moment, about 93% of garbage is taken to landfills and landfills in the Russian Federation. Given the volume, many entrepreneurs have every chance to occupy a worthy niche in a growing business.

Where to get raw materials?

The easiest, but also the most labor-intensive way is to agree with the management of landfills or the municipality on the possibility of independently selecting necessary garbage. As a rule, at this stage it is beneficial to involve an “asocial element” in the work.

A more "clean" technology is to conclude agreements with markets, institutions, enterprises for the removal of sorted waste of the category you need. In this case, "they" reduce the cost of garbage disposal, the entrepreneur receives necessary materials. True, this does not work with all types of garbage.

Where to dispose of recycled waste?

One ton of processed and compressed polymer waste on the market costs about 15 thousand rubles, aluminum cans- about 50 thousand rubles, crumb rubber - about 16 thousand rubles, cardboard - about 12 thousand rubles. The daily productivity of the average capacity of the waste processing line is 8-10 tons of recyclables. Accordingly, the monthly turnover will be several million rubles, depending on other initial data.

For the most part, consumers of recycled waste paper, tin and polymers are various industries. Such companies are present in different regions and, as practice shows, they are happy to purchase raw materials from local producers. However, it must be remembered that the consumer is already accustomed to comfort and prefers to receive high-quality cleaned and carefully pressed raw materials, which are easy to work with and convenient to store.

What documents are needed to register a business?

Each country and even region will have its own peculiarities of registering a waste processing enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to visit a number of instances and consult with specialists from each of them. When opening a business abroad, it is advisable to immediately enlist the support of a qualified lawyer.

The priority form of business registration will be or its equivalent in your country. In the Russian Federation, for this, it is necessary to provide the company's charter, memorandum of association, minutes of the meeting of owners and an application (form 11001).

Large financial flows in the process of activity make the system of OSNO taxation optimal for the plant. In this case, income tax will be 20%, and VAT - 18%. At the same time, the entrepreneur is not threatened with restrictions on the number of personnel, the value of property, and others. When registering, code 38 is indicated, which allows you to deal with the processing and disposal of everything.

Since most types of MSW are classified as hazard classes 4-5, it is necessary to obtain a processing license, which is issued by the district Rosprirodnadzor. Experts will conduct an environmental review and issue a permit. Further, permissions from the SES, water and communal services of the settlement, as well as fire protection authorities will be required. In total, registration issues take from 3 to 4 months.

Recruitment

Since waste sorting and recycling are "dirty" processes with low wages, there are not many applicants for a vacant position. However, to launch even a small plant, it is necessary to include 25-30 employees in the staff. And even if they are found from the first moment, you need to be prepared for a staff turnover - not everyone can withstand prolonged contact with garbage.

In order to retain existing and attract new personnel, an entrepreneur needs to optimize salaries for a particular region, take care of comfortable working conditions (uniforms, disposable protective items, showers), and think over ways to motivate. Wages to employees are the main cost item, but at this stage in the development of the industry, without people, the enterprise simply will not function.

Waste recycling technology

At a universal plant, the waste recycling process includes the following steps:

• The waste delivered from the landfill is unloaded to the receiving area, where large-sized garbage is manually removed - construction, household appliances, furniture, etc.
• By means of a loader, the remaining mass is transferred to a receiving hopper, from where it is fed to an inclined and then to a horizontal conveyor.
• Waste is sorted by type on the horizontal conveyor. This operation is performed manually by employees in the amount of 8-15 people.
• Sorted garbage through the hatches in the overpass is placed in carts and delivered to the presses (each for its own type of garbage).
• Garbage is pressed into briquettes, tied and sent to the warehouse, and then to the customer, as a rule, for further processing.

Necessary equipment

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The complete set of the waste processing line depends on the type of solid waste and the scale of activity. A classic full-cycle plant (from waste reception to pressing and storage) includes a number of units:

• Reception bunker. This can be a container or a concrete covered area where large-sized garbage is removed from the mass of waste. The supply of solid waste to the conveyor can be carried out automatically or using loading equipment.
• Receiving hopper with apron conveyor. This node is necessary for the uniform supply of garbage for sorting.
• Separator. Here small fractions of garbage are eliminated.
• Horizontal Belt Conveyor. In most cases, it is serviced by operators who select certain fractions and dump them into separate containers. Depending on the types of waste selected for recycling, the number of operators (and the containers themselves) may be different.
• Main separator for collecting ferrous metal(usually placed at the end of the pipeline).
• Receiving hopper for non-recyclable waste.
• storage bins for sorted.
• Baling presses- for each type of garbage separate.
• Storage device for bulky waste.

In addition to the equipment listed, consumables may be required for recycling. For example, to prevent delamination and scattering of finished briquettes at the pressing stage, special compounds are introduced into the mass. Another option to make transportation more comfortable is to purchase a knitting line, where the briquettes are wrapped with strap tape or polyester film.

How much does the whole complex cost?

Building from scratch a universal plant designed to collect and process the maximum possible number of types of waste (from waste paper and plastic to rubber and glass) will cost about $20 million. A small workshop, designed to work with a certain type of raw material, can be organized for 50-200 thousand dollars.

A couple of years ago, people from RAO UES decided to get into the "garbage business". The total investment in the company GK "Eco-system" amounted to 16 billion rubles. The profitability of this area is estimated at 30%, which, together with the required volume of cash injections, makes it unbearable and uninteresting for small and medium-sized businesses. Contrary to popular belief, in Europe, the construction of plants for the disposal and processing of solid waste is also mainly carried out by energy giants. For example, not the largest plant in Cardiff is being built by the German E. On.

In economic realities modern Russia trying to open your own business is like playing roulette. The competition for raw materials and sales markets is so high that a newcomer does not always manage to gain a foothold in the market, and even more so, develop his business at least to a medium size. Therefore, already at the planning stage, it is necessary to calculate all possible risks, pluses and minuses. As practice shows, one of the most win-win options for today is the waste processing business.

Waste recycling is the most promising business

According to statistics, every year the population and industrial enterprises of Russia produce up to 44 million tons of various waste. Of all this volume, only a third is recycled, and the rest ends up in landfills. Previously, they tried to solve the problem of a growing rubbish shaft by simply burning or burying it in the ground. However, such actions lead to a sharp deterioration in the environmental situation, poisoning the soil, groundwater and atmosphere.

The solution to the problem of efficient and safe disposal of industrial and domestic waste is seen in only one thing - the development of a wide network of waste processing enterprises. In countries Western Europe hundreds of private organizations are engaged in waste processing, which gives rise to intense market competition with all the ensuing consequences. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is practically not developed, which provides a lot of potential opportunities.

Pros and Cons of a Waste Recycling Business

The "garbage business", like any other commercial enterprise, has its undeniable advantages and its pitfalls. The pluses include:

• Fast payback periods. The funds invested in the waste processing industry will pay off fairly quickly. With skillful and efficient management of the case, these terms are about 3-5 years.
• High profitability of the waste business, reaching 30% for each ruble invested. This is a pretty good indicator, given that according to Rosstat, the profitability of medium and small businesses in Russia is about 12-15%.
• Support for businessmen who decide to open a waste processing enterprise from government agencies. On the part of the federal authorities, such businessmen are provided with tax incentives regarding the costs of purchasing equipment, renting/purchasing/construction of premises.
• Local municipal authorities are also ready to provide all kinds of assistance to entrepreneurs-garbage processors. The responsibility for maintaining cleanliness in a city or village lies entirely with the local authorities, so the private business of waste processing removes a significant part of the current concerns from the municipal administration.
• Almost unlimited amount of free raw materials, available in large quantities in any region of Russia.
• Low cost of raw materials. Unlike many other business sectors, recycling as a business requires minimal costs for the purchase of raw materials. You will have to spend money only on containers for collecting waste, and on specialized vehicles for their delivery to the place of processing.
• Demand for secondary raw materials that have passed the initial processing stage is traditionally high among domestic industrial enterprises. Therefore, a waste processing businessman does not have to worry about the markets for his goods.
• For entrepreneurs with increased social responsibility, there is another motivating factor - moral. Waste recycling solves the problem environmental pollution native nature to preserve it for future generations.

But, despite such a large number of positive aspects, people who decide to start their own business in this area should approach this as responsibly as possible. There may be problems with the collection, delivery, sorting of garbage, as well as financial costs for unforeseen expenses and the like.

Often there is aversion to the neighborhood with a waste processing plant on the part of local residents who start sluggish litigation. This litigation often takes the entrepreneur a lot of time and effort that could be spent for its intended purpose - to start production. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary at the initial stage to draw up a business plan for waste processing, in which all possible force majeure situations will be taken into account in advance.

How to Start a Waste Recycling Business

Let us consider in more detail how to start a waste recycling business in the light of modern Russian realities. At the stage of the initial organization of production, the future entrepreneur will need more time, effort, and involvement in solving various pressing issues of local administrative resources than financial costs. Of course, it is absolutely possible that local officials of different levels and departments will want to receive some kind of “fee” for a positive solution to your issue.

If a businessman has a sufficient amount of free funds, the temptation to speed up the permit procedure with a bribe can be great. But we should not forget that such an act falls under the jurisdiction of the Criminal Legislation of the Russian Federation, and not only the person who accepts the bribe, but also the one who gives it is liable. Therefore, we will consider how to open a waste processing business in full compliance with the law.

Company registration

The very first step for openers garbage business from scratch - registration of your organization. You can register an enterprise both in the status of an individual entrepreneur and in the form of an LLC. According to the recommendations of experts, the form of registration in the form of an LLC is more preferable. This makes it possible in the future, if necessary, to expand the scope of activities by engaging in some kind of related production. This could be, for example, independent production and implementation consumer goods from recycled materials.

Registration procedures of the enterprise are carried out in the territorial department of the tax service. To do this, the registration department of the Federal Tax Service will need to submit an application drawn up in accordance with the established form, and a package of related documentation. You can familiarize yourself with the sample application on the official website of the Federal Tax Service, or directly at the office of this institution. The list of documents required for registration of an LLC, in addition to the application, includes:

• Protocol, which reflects the decision of the meeting of co-founders on the creation of a legal entity in the form of an LLC.
• Agreement on the establishment of an LLC, endorsed by all co-founders.
• Articles of association.
• Notification of the choice of a particular taxation system. The most profitable from a financial point of view, for an LLC is the simplified tax system.
• Receipt of payment of the registration fee - 4 thousand rubles.

The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur engaged in waste processing as a business is much simpler. To do this, you will need to submit an application that will indicate individual passport data and selected OKVED codes. The application will also need to be accompanied by a photocopy of the passport (all pages, from the first to the last), and a bank receipt confirming payment of the state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.

The choice of economic activity code depends on the specific area of ​​business. The waste processing business belongs to class No. 38, which is divided into several subclasses:

38-1. Organization of waste collection, including:

• Non-hazardous - 38.1.1.
• Dangerous - 38.1.2.

38-2. Organization of primary processing and disposal of waste, including:

• Non-hazardous - 38.2.1.
• Dangerous - 38.2.1.

After successfully resolving the issue of state registration of the future enterprise, we proceed to the next stage of the implementation of the business plan for waste processing.

Obtaining permits

Waste processing is considered a potentially hazardous industry, due to the high degree of contamination of the soil and atmosphere with recyclable waste. It is also possible that any toxic or hazardous substances may enter the total mass of recycled waste. And this is fraught with health problems for the employees of the enterprise.

Therefore, the garbage disposal business is under the control of various supervisory authorities. To start production, you will need to obtain a permissive license from these departments. The list of required permits includes:

• For the use of this land plot for the construction of a waste processing plant. Issued by the territorial department of land use after submitting a corresponding application there.
• Sanitary and epidemiological station for the compliance of the premises used for the purposes of waste processing. Issued by the local branch of Rospotrebnadzor, the application is considered within 1 month.
• Fire control authorities. Confirms the compliance of the premises with all the requirements and standards of fire safety.
• Certificate from the electrical supervision on the full compliance of the production electrical supply systems with the established standards.
• Certificate from the local environmental center, confirming the complete safety of the future enterprise for the environment.

Running a waste management business is only possible with a license. The supervisory service for nature management is responsible for issuing these documents. To obtain a license, you will need to pay a fee to the budget in the amount of 24 thousand rubles, and provide the following package of documentation to the employees of the department:

• Confirming the availability of the entire material base for the organization of work - the appropriate production premises and the necessary equipment.
• Confirming that the enterprise has a staff of employees with the necessary certificates. Copies of certificates with photocopies of employment contracts attached to them are provided for consideration.
• Permission to start production activities from the sanitary and epidemiological service.
• Information about the nature of the waste with which the enterprise will work as a raw material.
• Copies of contracts concluded with solid waste landfills, on the disposal of non-recycled waste residues.

In addition, the supervisory authority will need to provide a certificate from the tax service on state registration of a waste processing organization, copies of constituent documents (for LLC) and an application. You can submit the documents in person by coming to the office of the natural supervision institution. Or by sending them by mail to the addressee by registered mail with a list of all the papers attached to the application.

Legislative standards allocate to employees of this department for consideration of the appeal a period of up to three months. After that, employees will either issue a license or refuse to do so. They must substantiate their refusal with reason so that the applicant has the opportunity to appeal it to higher authorities.

Choice of premises for production

But now all the necessary licenses and permits have been obtained, and the entrepreneur is faced with the question - how to start a business on waste? The next step is to find a suitable space to house all the production lines. For these purposes, an abandoned industrial premises is quite suitable - a workshop or warehouse of a closed factory, a large hangar, a car box. The main condition is that it must be spacious enough to accommodate equipment and have space for the free movement of employees.

It follows from these numbers:

• At least 400 square meters will be occupied by the production workshop itself, where sorting and recycling of raw materials will be carried out.
• At least another 200 m 2 will need to be allocated for the storage of imported raw materials and already sorted products.
• We should not forget about the accompanying premises - the office, household rooms for the working staff, showers, toilets, etc.

In total, the ideal space for a waste processing plant should be at least 700-800 m2. If you could not find a suitable room, then the only way out is to build it yourself. True, pleasure is not cheap. A prefabricated structure of a hangar type of a metal frame structure, taking into account the cost of summing up all the necessary communications, will cost an average of 15 to 25 million rubles. The ideal location for the plant is next to the already existing landfill. Thus, it will be possible to save on the export of unprocessed raw materials, and simplify the coordination of all permits with the nature supervision.

Acquisition of the necessary equipment

Another important item of expenditure associated with the launch of a waste processing plant is the acquisition of the equipment necessary for these purposes. On sale in the modern market there are two types of waste processing lines: stationary and mobile. Stationary modifications require a large area for their installation, and are not intended for quick dismantling.

Mobile lines consist of separate blocks, which can be quickly, within one working day, mounted or dismantled again by a team of specialists. They are more compact and do not require permanent buildings for installation: it will be enough to have a canopy to protect electrical equipment from precipitation. The only disadvantage of such models is lower productivity than stationary equipment. In terms of cost, both options are approximately comparable, and will cost the buyer from 3 to 6 million rubles, depending on the manufacturer and configuration.

The standard set of waste processing line includes:

• Sorting conveyor line, which moves the garbage.
• Hopper storage for raw materials fed to the conveyor.
• Crusher for crushing oversized waste.
• Electromagnet for extracting metal components from raw materials.
• Incinerator.

When purchasing a furnace for burning non-recycled waste, you need to know that this business can only be done in compliance with certain rules. Any violation of the regulations may result in the imposition of large monetary fines, and even revocation of the license.

Recruitment

The next very important stage will be the selection of personnel of the enterprise. It should be borne in mind that with such a seemingly simple matter as sorting garbage, in fact, far from everyone can handle it. Moreover, without the presence of a staff of workers with the appropriate certificates, it will be impossible to obtain permission to start work. Therefore, the business plan for a waste processing plant must take this factor into account.

The number of employees directly depends on the size of the processing industry. For example, a workforce for a medium-sized factory would look like this:

• Head (director, production manager).
• Technologist.
• Accountant.
• Account Manager.
• 2-3 drivers, depending on the size of the fleet. However, there is an opportunity to save on this staff unit by concluding a transport service agreement with an outsourcing company.
• Production line operators.
• Workers-sorters, loaders - from 10 to 30 staff units.

In addition, at fairly large industries, the staff may include narrow specialists: electricians, adjusting technicians, security guards.

Supply of raw materials and marketing of finished products

Like any business, waste recycling is largely dependent on market conditions. Therefore, already at the planning stage, it is necessary to calculate the benefits of a particular specialization. Sorted waste is a fairly liquid product that is in demand by many industrial enterprises. For clarity, we present the market value of one ton of certain types of waste:

• Aluminum cans for drinks - up to 50 thousand rubles.
• compressed plastic waste- 15 thousand.
• shredded rubber car tires- 15-17 thousand.
• Paper and cardboard - 10-12 thousand rubles

The obtained data, in order to have a rough idea of ​​the possible income, must be multiplied by the average daily productivity of the sorting line, which is from 8 to 15 tons of raw materials. Based on the above data, you can already draw up an approximate business plan with calculations for waste processing.

Another question that inevitably arises before a waste processing entrepreneur is how to organize the supply of raw materials. This problem can be solved in several ways. For example, to agree with local utilities on the delivery of waste to the plant directly from the place of its collection, that is, from garbage containers. But at the same time, you should have a place equipped according to all the rules where the raw materials will be stored in anticipation of processing.

Another option is to install your own containers for separate collection MSW, and acquire special equipment for its removal. This option, of course, is more expensive, but in the future it promises greater profits associated with the accelerated processing of garbage already sorted by the population. It is also possible to agree with the management of solid waste landfills on the collection of certain types of waste. To collect them, you can attract for a small fee various asocial persons (in other words, the homeless), who always live near large landfills.

If you have special vehicles, you can independently conclude agreements on the removal of certain types of waste with large industrial or trade organizations. In this way, you can get the necessary raw materials in advance. These can be cardboard packages, which are accumulated in excess from large supermarkets; plastic, aluminum and glass containers for drinks, which are "rich" in catering establishments, cafes and restaurants.

As you can see, waste sorting as a business can bring a considerable income to its owner. To obtain a stable profit, you only need to find financial means to start production, get everything necessary permissions and properly organize the business.