What can you earn from recycling? Waste recycling as a business: list of equipment, description of production technology, nuances of business organization

Business on garbage: how to make money “out of nothing”

* The calculations use average data for Russia

Starting investments (reception point)

50,000 - 100,000 ₽

Starting investment (garbage removal)

from 2,000,000 ₽

Starting investments (sorting shop)

from 4,500,000 ₽

Starting investment (processing shop)

from 5,000,000 ₽

Garbage - problems of ecology and waste disposal. How to open your own business using garbage with a budget of 100 thousand rubles.

Garbage is a unique resource: people are willing to pay both for its acquisition and for its sale. At the same time, it is inexhaustible. Every year each resident produces 300-400 kg of household waste. This means that a city with a population of 1 million people produces 300-400 tons of garbage per year. And over time, this number increases. This is the basis of the business idea.

Relevance of business on waste

Russia has accumulated a huge amount of household waste that requires urgent disposal. On this moment Only 1% of solid waste in the country is recycled, and more than 31 billion tons remain undisposed of. Of these billions of tons, about 60% are recyclable materials and can be recycled. Such raw materials include paper, metal, glass, polymers, etc. But garbage continues to accumulate in landfills and pollute the environment. Today the question of recycling waste that has become environmental problem, is being discussed at all levels - and, nevertheless, has not yet been resolved. The problem of waste disposal in the 21st century seems ridiculous because at every stage of the process you can make money from almost nothing.

Not so long ago, the garbage business was not considered highly profitable. But now the situation has changed dramatically. Throughout our country there are a huge number of landfills that need to be cleaned up. The small number of processing plants that operate in Russia cannot cope with the scale of work.

A business idea based on recycling waste will not lose its relevance as long as humanity continues to produce it. And this process is unlikely to stop as long as we live as a consumer society.

Advantages and disadvantages of business on waste

Often in business articles about waste recycling there is an opinion that this area is low level competition, but this is far from the case. The fact that there are few participants in the segment does not mean that few people want to engage in waste recycling. This means that not everyone can get into it.

Since January 2016, Federal Law No. 458-F3 has been in force, regulating the procedure for collection and disposal of waste. According to it, certain territories will not be served commercial organizations, and regional operators. They are selected on a competitive basis in the last quarter of the year for 10 years. Their competence includes: coordinating the work of the management company, organizing the collection, transportation, storage and recycling of waste. This law leads to the centralization of business, which increases competition. Large players will fight for the position of regional operator, while medium and small players will fight for survival. These processes are for new participants, but will create higher demands on newcomers.

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At the same time, it cannot be said that there is no place for new players in the field. You can start your own business, but the market has its own specifics, which can become more complicated with changes in legislation. Therefore, for those who want to open similar business on garbage, you need to constantly keep your finger on the pulse and carefully study everything that happens in the market. You should communicate with other market participants, analyze the actions of competitors, attend events organized by ministries, executive authorities, etc.

Why you should start a business using waste

Relevance. It can be seen in almost every aspect, from the fact that it benefits the environment to the fact that this business brings great profit to the owner.

Local government support. This area is poorly financed, so local authorities can assist you in organizing your business.

Unlimited supplies of raw materials.

High business profitability, which is 60-70%.

Possibility to start with small volumes. Even if you do not have the financial ability to build a waste processing plant, you can limit yourself to a small workshop. It does not require large investments, but at the same time brings a decent profit, which will allow you to further develop your business.

What difficulties may you encounter:

• High investment. Equipment even for a small solid waste processing workshop is quite expensive.

Bureaucracy. Difficulties may arise at the stage of obtaining permits from regulatory authorities, as well as with the sale of processed raw materials from waste. There are many bureaucratic difficulties to build an enterprise and operate legally: licenses, permits, allocation of a sanitary zone, project preparation and other nuances turn the process of starting a business into a labor-intensive and lengthy process.

High competition. You should not organize your business using waste in regions where there are already similar enterprises. In this case, it will be almost impossible to overcome competition.

No waste sorting. In Russia there is a specific problem - there is no preparatory waste sorting and separate collection waste, which significantly complicates the entire recycling process. In order to prepare raw materials for processing, the company will need many workers to sort household waste, and this is no longer profitable for doing business. Of course, there are automatic waste sorting lines, but such expensive equipment is not available to every businessman.

Legal aspects of business in waste

Before starting a waste business, you must obtain permission for this activity. This is done by the Ministry of Ecology, which issues a license for the right to collect and process solid household waste. And for this you need to undergo a special environmental assessment, which will allow you to obtain a conclusion. It is carried out by the local (city or regional) environmental management department. The peculiarity of the conclusion is that it is issued to the entrepreneur once and is valid for the entire period of the company’s existence. Its cost is about 6,000 rubles.

In addition, you will need to obtain permits from the sanitary and fire departments, as well as municipal and water authorities. To do this, you must draw up project documentation with a detailed description of the technological processes at your enterprise. These conclusions will cost you approximately 1000 rubles. Also, every year you must obtain permission from the ministry to store solid waste on the territory.

Preparation of a package of documents can take up to six months. You can also use intermediary services to complete a full package of documents to launch your business. The average cost of such services is 40 thousand rubles. The paperwork process, including the license, will take about 2-3 months. If you decide to obtain all permits yourself, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the “Regulations on licensing activities for the collection, transportation<…>waste of I-IV hazard classes”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1062 in 2015.

Government regulation garbage business consists of environmental supervision, licensing, reporting, monitoring compliance with standards and setting tariffs for waste disposal.

Legal regulation is carried out by the federal law “On Production and Consumption Waste”, which specifies five classes of waste: from “extremely hazardous” waste of the first class to “virtually non-hazardous” waste of the fifth. The first three classes are industrial and construction waste, and the fourth and fifth are household waste (the so-called MSW - municipal solid waste). According to the law, the owner of waste of classes 1–4 can transfer the right to dispose of it to a person only if he has the appropriate license: for its use, neutralization, transportation, disposal. Licenses are issued by the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources. To obtain a permit, you need to carry out a number of activities:

prepare a waste passport;

purchase or rent special means of transport;

conduct vocational training workers and obtain the appropriate certificates;

pay a state fee of 7,500 rubles.

Among other things, all entrepreneurs involved in such a waste business must have a certificate confirming their professional training. No such permits are required for processing solid waste. These include food waste, metals, waste paper, wood, plastic containers, textiles, rubber.

Ready ideas for your business

Therefore, at the initial stage of opening, it is necessary to find out what class of waste the entrepreneur will work with. To do this, he must order the appropriate examination.

Before starting work, you must register with the Federal Tax Service as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. For a waste business, the legal form of an LLC is more suitable. To register with the Federal Tax Service, you must prepare a package of documents and select codes for the types of your entrepreneurial activity in accordance with the OKVED-2 classifier. For example, if you decide to establish a waste removal company, then the following codes should be indicated in the application for registration of the enterprise:

38.11 – Collection of non-hazardous waste;

38.12 – Collection of hazardous waste;

49.41 – Activities of road freight transport.

Depending on what services you will provide, the codes may be different, so there is no point in listing them all.

How can you make money from trash?

The waste business is divided into three large sectors: waste removal; waste sorting; recycling or disposal of waste. Each sector requires a lot of effort and money to develop, so it is useless for a novice entrepreneur to try to cover everything. It is better to start a waste business by organizing one of these stages. Below we will look at the features of each type of waste business.

Option 1. Garbage removal

The initial task of waste disposal is to remove it from the consumer's territory. Removing waste is generally quite simple. The most difficult stage is preparing for this work and obtaining the necessary permits. Once the legal issues have been resolved, you can begin purchasing equipment.

Equipment. In order to organize a waste removal business, you will need a minimum set of equipment - these are special trucks equipped with an elevator or garbage containers, if the main object is household waste.

The cost of new special equipment is from one and a half million, but you can purchase equipment on lease.

Ready ideas for your business

Garbage trucks with a built-in press are more economical and profitable. This configuration reduces the number of flights and, accordingly, reduces fuel costs. If you are planning to remove construction waste, you may need large trucks.

Office. Despite the fact that this service sector is associated with constant transport movements, office space will still be needed. Administrative staff, accounting and dispatchers can be located there. For an office, 15-20 sq.m. will be enough. – this is enough to organize a reception and create conditions for workers. The office must be equipped with appropriate furniture, computer equipment and communications equipment.

Staff. In order to organize a waste removal business, you will need the following staff: drivers, dispatchers, administrator, accountant. Also, when increasing the fleet, it is recommended to hire a mechanic.

Client base. The main clients of waste removal companies are various restaurants, cafes, canteens - those who produce daily a large number of food waste.

It is also possible to enter into agreements with utility companies, which will allow garbage to be removed from the residential complex. The main advantage of working with residential buildings is large volumes. Despite the fact that the tariff rate in this case is lower than waste removal from the commercial sector, you can make good money due to large volumes.

Another direction is construction waste removal services for both individuals and construction organizations.

Ready ideas for your business

Peculiarities. You need to enter into agreements with landfills where waste will be transported using coupons. It is also necessary to solve the main problem of this business - reducing transport costs. This can be done in two ways, which involve increasing the capacity of garbage containers. You can take care of everything in advance and purchase a garbage truck with a press, which will significantly increase transportation productivity. Another option is to purchase a trash can with a press, which reduces the frequency of garbage disposal.

Advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of this business made from waste is that it does not require renting large areas or purchasing complex, expensive equipment. Compared to other waste business options, organizing waste removal services is not that expensive. The main disadvantages are high fuel costs and the need to enter into an agreement with a waste storage site or waste disposal company. The cost of storing waste is 1,500–2,000 rubles per 5 tons;

How much can you earn from garbage removal?. The cost of exporting a standard container with a volume of 0.8 cubic meters. m. in a large city is from 300 rubles. One garbage truck includes 25-60 such containers. This means that for one flight you can earn from 7,500 to 18,000 rubles. Within a month the amount will increase to 400-500 thousand rubles. According to companies that deal with waste removal, they receive 500 rubles from each Russian. per month. By simple calculations we find that such companies earn 50 million rubles from residents of a city with a population of 100 thousand people. per month.

Starter kit: investments of about 2 million rubles, special transport, drivers, dispatchers who will take orders and coordinate the routes of garbage trucks.

Option 2. Collection and sorting of waste

In European countries, up to 80% of household waste is returned to production. And in Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is still at the initial stage of development. For many entrepreneurs, this is a good chance to open their own profitable business using waste with minimal investment.

Any waste recycling is impossible without sorting. At the same time, a significant part of recyclable materials loses their properties when mixed in a common container - for example, paper becomes damp and rots. Therefore, it is so important to take care of the correct sorting of waste at the collection stage. This will make it possible to reuse up to 60-80% of the solid waste composition.

Collection. Those who have just entered the waste business are advised to start by organizing the collection of secondary raw materials. This will require about a million rubles. For this money you can purchase several containers - each for a specific type of waste, obtain permission from the municipality and rent a small area for containers. All that remains is to find a buyer for the recyclables. Many processing companies have their own special equipment, so you do not need to purchase expensive equipment.

Within a month, the following can be sorted from the garbage:

• 7-8 tons of waste paper (cardboard boxes, packaging paper). The cost of one ton is up to 1,500 rubles;

900-1000 kg of polymers (film, fruit boxes). The cost of one ton is up to 9,000 rubles;

150-200 kg of plastic bottles and aluminum cans. The cost of one ton is up to 15,000 rubles.

Sorting. If you want to open a waste sorting company, you will need more investment. The most minimal set of equipment consists of a sorting line, a storage hopper, a crusher, a magnet and a press. All equipment is expensive and requires an investment of about 4 million rubles. This is how much the most budget equipment will cost.

It should be noted that almost all work in the sorting room is done manually, so a medium-sized sorting plant will require at least 5 workers. And this costs at least another 100 thousand rubles. per month.

Also, for the sorting workshop you will need a room with an area of ​​at least 300 sq.m. The cost of renting a production facility with such an area will be about 50 thousand rubles. per month.

If you add the costs of obtaining permits, organizing and running a waste business for sorting raw materials will cost approximately 4.5 million rubles. initial investments and monthly costs of at least 250 thousand rubles.

A medium capacity sorting shop is capable of producing 15-20 tons of products per month. The cost per ton depends on the type of waste. The average income of a sorting shop varies between 100-150 thousand rubles.

Supply of raw materials. If you are planning only a sorting facility, you will have to take care of the waste supply. To do this, the easiest way is to conclude agreements with the head of local landfills, representatives of container collection points and plastic waste. In addition, local supermarkets, which throw away a lot of cardboard and plastic boxes, paper, etc., can become reliable suppliers of raw materials.

Peculiarities. Sorting can be organized in the form of buying individual species waste (sorting at the collection stage). We are talking about accepting glass containers, waste paper, and plastic waste. This form is less profitable, but does not require large investments. You can open such a waste business with 50-100 thousand rubles. To do this, you just need to find a small area where the waste collection point will be located.

Advantages and disadvantages. The demand for waste collection and sorting is quite high. Therefore, when starting such a business using garbage, you can be sure that your services will be in demand. But the disadvantage of running a waste business is the significant cost of expensive equipment. To open a sorting workshop, you will need to purchase expensive equipment and find specialists who can work with it. For example, the cost of organizing separate waste collection in St. Petersburg costs 1.5 billion rubles. Although in this segment there is an opportunity to spend a minimum to open your own business. A small stall that accepts a certain type of waste is also a garbage business, but the profits here are much more modest.

How much can you earn from collecting and sorting waste? The amount of profit depends on the quality of the raw materials. If you sell recyclables compressed, the price will be higher. A small stall that accepts glass containers, for example, can earn 30-50 thousand rubles a month. And your own sorting shop can bring in about 200 thousand rubles. net profit for the month.

Starter kit. For the sorting shop you will need: about 4.5 million rubles. investments, premises, equipment, staff of workers. To organize a waste collection point, you need starting capital in the amount of 50-100 thousand rubles. and renting a small retail space to house the item.

Option 3: Recycling

The most complex process in this segment is waste recycling. Recycling is anything that turns waste into something useful: energy, new raw materials, fertilizers, etc.

A waste business brings not only economic benefits to its owner, but also benefits for the environment and society. That is why the topic of waste recycling is spreading so actively, being of interest to investors.

With the advent of new technologies in waste processing, it has become possible not only to recycle solid waste, but also to create recyclable materials from it. By opening a business on garbage, you can improve ecological state cities, and also make good money from it.

This area is constantly evolving, and today there are several directions and methods for recycling waste. Before planning the creation of a plant, you need to decide which method will be used: composting, briquetting, pyrolysis, pressing, etc.

The income of your business will depend on what type of waste it can accept and process. Experienced entrepreneurs in this field admit that it is most profitable to deal with paper and plastic. Processing of this raw material is considered the most profitable (50-70%).

Stages of opening a waste processing plant:

Decide what type of waste your company will work with;

Enlist the support of the regional leadership and local authorities;

Register a business, get everything necessary permissions and licenses;

Obtain a plot of land for a plant and landfill for the storage (disposal) of solid waste;

Obtain technical conditions for connecting to communications;

Build buildings in which production will be located;

Purchase equipment, install and configure it;

Train personnel to operate the equipment;

Find suppliers of raw materials;

Find buyers for finished secondary products of the plant.

Room. A waste processing plant requires a spacious room. Its minimum size is 500 sq.m. Of these, 300 sq.m. is for the processing workshop, and 200 sq.m. for the warehouse. In addition, you need to have about 100 sq.m. for administrative premises. The office can be located both on the production site and outside it.

Important nuance: workshops located near the city landfill can reduce the cost of delivering raw materials and renting premises.

Convenient access of freight transport to the territory

Asphalt or concrete flooring

Floor height of at least 7 m

Availability of water supply (at least 3 cubic meters/hour) and industrial sewerage

Availability of heating that maintains winter time temperature not lower than +21C

Power supply designed for power consumption up to 300 kW

Availability or possibility of industrial ventilation equipment

Multiple gates available big size for the passage of freight vehicles.

Possibility of installing special equipment

Such premises are quite easily rented out by the owners or sold. An important nuance: since placement technological equipment will require quite serious preparation of the site, it is advisable to enter into a long-term lease agreement (lasting 3-5 years).

You will have to spend about 150 thousand rubles per month on renting premises.

Equipment. The production area can accommodate:

storage bunker;

crusher;

• front loader.

It is necessary to take into account that for each type of equipment there is additional equipment, which is also not cheap. Therefore, plan your spending budget with reserve. Also, for processing certain types of waste, specific equipment will be required. You can save money by purchasing used equipment. Domestic options are considered the most affordable and functional.

The table shows the approximate amount of equipment costs. Don't forget that you need to add the cost of installation to this.

Cost of equipment for a waste processing plant

Technological process. To plan production, you need to clearly understand all technological process. It includes the following steps:

acquisition of raw materials for processing;

processing of secondary raw materials and pressing of waste that does not meet production requirements;

sale of secondary raw materials and disposal of pressed briquettes.

Since the equipment necessary for collecting and sorting waste is very expensive, it is possible to concentrate the work of the workshop only on processing, and purchase already prepared raw materials.

Raw materials. To ensure your production has an uninterrupted supply of waste, plan your deliveries in advance. Here, the location of the enterprise in close proximity to the city landfill is another advantage. You can agree on the supply of recyclable materials with local waste collection companies, housing and communal services, owners of city landfills, waste collection points, etc. It is cheaper and more profitable to enter into an agreement with large waste collection companies or municipal utility organizations. You can also consider the prospect of opening your own recycling collection points. This will save on the purchase of raw materials.

As a rule, small factories buy recycled plastic at a price of 14,000 to 18,000 rubles, then process it into special granules and sell it for 30,000 rubles per ton.

It is better to organize the delivery of raw materials to production using your own fleet of vehicles, but this will also increase the size of the initial investment.

What kind of garbage to work with?. This issue needs to be resolved at the initial stage of project planning, because the list of equipment, the nuances of processing, and the customer base depend on the selected type of waste.

The most profitable waste for recycling:

Tires for car wheels. The technology for their processing is carried out using pyrolysis or depolymerization. It occurs as a process of rubber decomposition into steel cord, gas, carbon and synthetic oil. These decomposition products are sought-after raw materials;

Construction garbage: wood, metal, concrete, brick, etc.. For high-quality processing of this type of waste, automatic waste sorting is necessary. Further processing produces recycled crushed stone, metal shavings and other types of recyclable materials. Most of the recycling goes into the production of building materials;

Waste paper– processed into toilet paper, soft roofing, cardboard. Modern technologies allow for waste-free recycling of paper waste. During this process, a large amount of thermal energy is generated, which can be converted into electrical energy and used to service production;

Batteries as a type of waste for recycling, it appeared recently, but has become a fairly popular business. The difficulty with this type of waste is that there is no specialized collection of batteries; they, as a rule, go in the general waste stream. Therefore, if you decide to recycle batteries, we recommend organizing your own waste collection point.

Wood waste– a fairly common and profitable type of garbage business. Here the most promising and cost-effective is recycling wood waste into fuel briquettes and pellets;

Glass waste– bottles and other glass containers. Large volumes of this type of waste require your own collection point for glass containers, as well as supplies of scrap from canneries. Glass factories and ceramics factories can sell processed raw materials;

Plastic waste are also quite profitable for processing and sale as recyclable materials. To organize a mini-workshop, 700 thousand rubles will be enough for equipment. Full-fledged production will cost several million.

Client base. An important stage in the operation of waste recycling production is the stable sale of finished products. You must enter into long-term contracts in advance for the supply of processed raw materials. Thanks to a timely solution to this problem, you can quickly achieve a decent profit and recoup the initial investment. Otherwise, the business will be unprofitable, since profit depends on sales volumes.

The main consumers of waste recycling plant products are: industrial enterprises producing toilet paper and cardboard; farms; ceramic and glass factories; polymer production plants, etc. For example, when processing electronic waste, metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum are formed - these raw materials can be sold to wholesale buyers of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Compost is obtained from paper waste, which is used as soil fertilizer and can be sold to farms.

Staff. To work in production, a trained person is required special program, staff. The staffing must include at least 10 workers, a manager, an accountant and a vehicle driver.

Labor market research shows that meeting the enterprise's labor needs for the above-mentioned vacancies will not be a problem, since supply currently exceeds demand.

Expenses. The initial costs of opening a waste processing plant average 5 million rubles. In addition to equipment, you will have to spend money on obtaining permits and other bureaucratic procedures, as well as on renting premises.

But in addition to millions of investments at the start, a waste processing plant requires up to 900 thousand rubles. monthly. This amount includes wages for employees, payment for consumed power, rental of premises, and payment of taxes. Also, when drawing up a business plan, it is worth remembering this type of expense such as equipment depreciation.

Considering the large start-up costs, the payback period for the project is 2-4 years. The practice of the waste recycling business shows that in this area, payback within 5 years is a completely normal indicator.

How much can you earn from recycling waste? The profitability of waste recycling production is estimated at 40-80%. If you receive raw materials almost free of charge, then any final product is valued at 10-40 thousand rubles. per ton. However, in order to achieve such indicators, all stages of the technological process must be properly planned.

As for net profit, during the first year of operation of the enterprise it ranges from 50 to 150 thousand rubles. per month. But in this waste business, the prospects are the most attractive, since further development of production can make a profit of about 1 million rubles. per month.

Advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage of a processing plant as a business is its prospects, relevance and stability. This is an opportunity to build a large production facility that will benefit society and multimillion-dollar profits for the owner. But for this to happen, you need to go through difficult process organization, have enough Money and be ready for long-term investments. This is the main disadvantage of this business idea.

Peculiarities. First, efficiency reuse waste directly depends on the quality of sorting. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a complex system from the collection of raw materials to the sale of finished products to consumers (in this case, processed products from recyclable materials). Here you cannot do without interaction with the authorities and numerous companies in the city, which is not always easy. Secondly, due to the underdevelopment of the market, prices for recyclable materials are very unstable: when demand grows, suppliers stop coping with waste collection, prices rise; when demand falls, goods quickly accumulate and fill storage facilities, and therefore are sold at bargain prices.

Starter kit for starting a business: initial capital of 5 million rubles, production premises with an area of ​​at least 200 square meters, a warehouse with an area of ​​at least 100 square meters, equipped in accordance with sanitary and fire requirements, installations, technologists and labor.

Option 4. Waste placement and storage

If the listed types of waste business do not suit you, you can stick to the simplest option. Disposal of waste - its storage or burial. Garbage needs to be stored somewhere. For this purpose, so-called landfills are used - a complex of equipment and structures that provide isolation and burial of waste masses. The solid waste storage facility is constructed in the form of a pit with a natural or special internal covering. This ensures the environmental safety of surrounding soils, groundwater and green spaces. Properly equipped landfills are located far from cities and do not harm the health of their residents.

The following requirements are put forward for the location of landfills:

• life time- 15-20 years;

distance from populated areas- at least 1 km;

protective strip- at least 20 m;

distance to groundwater- more than 2 m;

absence near natural bodies of water.

Today, there are officially a little more than 1,000 testing grounds in Russia, but their occupancy is approaching or already exceeding 100%. Therefore, the business of creating landfills is in demand.

To implement this idea, you will need several hectares of free land outside the populated area, water protection and recreational zones. Ideally, a landfill should be built, since it has certain requirements. In addition, you must obtain permission to create a placement. This permit confirms compliance with geological, hydrological and other standards). You should also include the landfill in the unified state register and monitor the environmental situation - even after the end of operation.

How much can you earn from storing garbage? The profitability of landfills is small, since landfill tariffs are set by the municipality. In large cities, the landfill can accept municipal waste for 250 rubles. per cubic meter, and commercial - for 500-600 rubles. A garbage truck delivers from 2 to 10 tons at a time.

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I would like to offer my version of making money from garbage. I noticed when I was in Germany: there is such a thing as waste separation: tin, metal, bottles of all sizes, broken glass, waste paper, PET - bottles, plastic, cellophane, rags, etc. All of the above is MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE and costs money because it is recycled and, oddly enough, accounts for 40 to 70% of all household waste.

There are several options for implementing this idea:

The first option for business on garbage

1) The most profitable, but unfortunately the most unattainable is to simply take all the garbage from the dumpsters and take it all to your warehouse, where an ARMY works, I repeat: an ARMY of people close to the status of homeless people who will pedantically sort through this whole heap of garbage, at this sorting it all out. Glass to glass, waste paper to waste paper, etc.

The next stage of this process is bringing the selected “garbage” into a marketable form - with glass bottles the label is removed and if the bottle is dirty, then it is washed, the same with PET bottles and so on. Each type of “garbage” has its own technical conditions (presentation).

Then, as decent volumes of one type of “garbage” accumulate, a truck is hired and transported to the nearest processing plant. Waste paper - to BUMkombinat, etc. Even if there are none in your city, then in the nearest cities you will definitely find, if not the enterprises themselves, then at least resellers of your “garbage”.

There will be mountains of smoldering and decaying organic waste: leftovers, spoiled food, etc. You can just as easily collect them and take them to a landfill, having previously concluded an agreement with the landfill.

This option is VERY difficult to implement; it requires huge investments and a head on your shoulders. But if you can put all this on stream, you will have a huge profit.

You’ll probably ask, what does Germany and waste separation have to do with it, but this would be option two (although the Germans sort waste for civic reasons).

The second option for business on garbage

2) This option requires lower costs, but the “exhaust” will be tens of times less. Let's look at the example of one microdistrict or block, as you please. There are courtyards around which 4-6 houses are located. You post notices on the entrances of these houses with approximately the following content: On December 1, a reception will be organized in the courtyard of house 64: tin, metal, bottles of all calibers, cullet, waste paper, PET - bottles, plastic, cellophane, rags, etc. All this must be free of contamination, without labels, etc. (here you describe all the technical conditions for recyclable materials).

For each type of “garbage” you set a price, something individually - like bottles and cans, and some by weight - like waste paper, iron, plastic, etc.

You give the announcement about a week before the deadline, i.e. Let's assume November 23 (the numbers are given as an example).

In the next “yard” you again hang up notices on the houses adjacent to it, only you hang them up on November 24th and set the collection date to December 2nd, etc.

With one truck you can serve 7 “yards” and, accordingly, from 28 to 42 houses in this way. It turns out that you will visit each “yard” approximately 4 times a month. Sort of mobile station garbage collection.

At the reception, you carefully look at the quality of the “garbage” sold to you, because it will no longer undergo secondary processing, but will immediately go to your warehouse, where it will be stored until a decent amount is collected, and then, as in the previous case, accumulated in this way “ garbage" you send to recycling plants.

Accordingly, you need to put garbage collection on stream and stand in one or another yard every day, so you need your own truck.

Perhaps you will say: “Who will sort the house for a week, wash all this “garbage”, and then sell it all to you for pennies? And I will answer you: “They will!” Pensioners travel through half the city (because travel is free for them) to buy cheaper products, even if they are only 30-50 kopecks cheaper. So draw your own conclusions.

I deal with waste paper myself. I buy it from organizations, enterprises, stores (cardboard boxes), etc. and hasn’t even tackled ordinary consumers yet. People would like to hand over the same waste paper, but they do not want to travel with all these bales across the city to the collection point. So, you have to go to them yourself.

As for prices, I’ll say what I know: for example, REsellers are ready to buy one ton of waste paper for 2,000 rubles, and prices at enterprises that process the same waste paper rise to 3,000 rubles. So consider that the truck is 20 tons, even if you hand it over to resellers, it’s 40,000 rubles.

There is certainly a demand for “garbage”. Just look at these sites:
waste.com.ua
recyclers.ru

The “garbage business” is just beginning to develop in our country, so we need to catch the wave.

Russians produce hundreds of tons of garbage every year. It accumulates in landfills, is buried, and burned. By the way, it's all money! Yes, by burying garbage in landfills, we are burying capital in the ground. But a significant part of the garbage can be recycled and make money from it.

Moreover, this is not necessarily a multi-million dollar investment in a complex and large plant. In fact, setting up a waste recycling facility is easier than it seems. Need sorting line, a press, a couple of trucks and a garbage truck. That’s it, with this arsenal you can “go into battle.”

The essence of recycling

Let's dot all the i's right away. We will not talk about the business of full-fledged waste recycling. This is quite an expensive matter. It is much easier to start sorting and selling waste paper, plastic bottles and cans for further processing.

In this case, your job is as follows: you receive garbage, sort it, selecting plastic, tin, paper and cardboard. Next, you send it all to the press. Afterwards, the finished briquettes made of plastic, tin or paper are loaded into the machine and sent to customers.

Who is the buyer? There are many of them, you just need to look. In fact, these are almost all companies involved in the production of plastic products, cardboard, and tin products.

According to reviews from people involved in similar business, it is important to choose the right personnel. Needless to say, the work is not very prestigious and is quite specific, especially at the sorting stage. Where you literally have to sort through tons of garbage with your hands in search of the things you need.

And this is one of the key problems of this business. As entrepreneur Igor Sviridov, who processes waste in Volgograd, says, there is nothing more difficult than finding people to sort.

“This became a real problem, and the work was unskilled and dirty, so the salary was not the highest, but I paid waste sorters decently, at least more than the loaders in the neighboring hypermarket,” says Igor. - It did not help. After working for a short time, they always quit. I tried to hire homeless people and the so-called downtrodden element. But it didn't help. The solution was found through trial and error. First, I improved working conditions. And my sorters have disposable capes for clothes, beautiful and comfortable uniforms, a clean and modern locker room, and a shower. Secondly, I and other employees did our best to demonstrate to the sorters that they were a key link in our chain of success. Thirdly, at first I myself worked with them on sorting. As a result, I solved an impossible task and coped with the staff turnover in the sorting department!”

Where to get raw materials?

At the landfill. Do not laugh. In fact, only there you will find a lot of ownerless plastic bottles, cardboard, and glass containers. All that’s left to do is to agree with the management of the landfill that you will be allowed to “rakes up the rubble.” Problems may arise here, but, as practitioners say, a little help from the landfill administration solves all the issues.

Local homeless people are quite suitable as primary sorters who will select the garbage that interests you. They know very well what is where, and for little money they are ready to give you this stuff. The only thing is that they need strict control.

But there is another option - you can enter into an agreement with shops, markets, and various institutions. They regularly have tens of kilograms of paper waste that needs to be disposed of somewhere. According to Igor Sviridov from Volgograd, he easily concluded an agreement with a supermarket chain for the export of empty cardboard boxes. For this he pays little money. But it is guaranteed to receive large volumes of paper and cardboard, which it then delivers to processors in compressed form.

“If you don’t take into account the costs of transportation, wages, and so on, then I sell a kilogram of waste paper at least 10 times more expensive than I bought it from the supermarket,” Igor clarifies. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to build such a supply chain with plastic bottles.

Where and how to sell

Main consumers waste paper, plastic and tin- various productions. They are found in almost every region, and, as experience shows, they happily accept recyclable materials.

But they take it by weight. In addition, no one will be happy if you bring a KAMAZ full of plastic bottles or waste paper. After all, half of it is air, and such recyclables will take up an unreasonably large amount of space. Also, are you willing to pay for air transportation?

Therefore, the main part of the waste processing plant is the press. This should be a universal press that will turn your garbage into dense cubes. It is these cubes that you will sell. Moreover, as existing entrepreneurs say, it is quite profitable.

Unfortunately, Igor Sviridov does not disclose the amount of his profit. But he emphasizes that the profitability of his business is almost 100 percent, and the demand for products is constantly growing.

Ivan Muravyov
Photo from wordpress.com, giport.ru, icd.com.vn, xakac.info, liveinternet.ru

We live in an age of opportunity. Everyone is free to do what they want: one works “for someone else,” another earns money by freelancing, and the third opens his own business. Most believe that owning a business is a guarantee of success and a good standard of living. Despite the fact that high competition in almost all areas of business does not often allow newcomers to gain a foothold in the market, there are still industries where you can earn good money and occupy a certain niche. One of these is the waste recycling market.

Waste recycling as a business

Currently, about 44 million tons of garbage end up in landfills in Russia every year. In this case, only 30% can be recycled, the rest is left to rot, causing enormous damage. environment. If you are not an environmentalist, then these words are unlikely to motivate you. And if you consider that along with tons of garbage, billions of rubles rot annually that could be yours?

Waste recycling is a promising business in our country. There is little competition in this area, but there are many “resources”. In addition, the government actively supports such businessmen, helping with renting premises and purchasing necessary equipment.

The average payback period for a waste recycling business is 2–6 months. This is a very good indicator. As for profitability, it usually reaches 30%.

Thus, the waste recycling business is beneficial because:

• actively supported by the state, it provides tax breaks on property used for waste processing, assistance in finding, renting or purchasing premises and equipment;
• raw materials cost 7–10 times cheaper than the finished product (the amount of waste at the moment can be considered unlimited);
• a waste recycling plant pays for itself in 3–5 years, which is a good indicator;
• the demand for recyclable materials is high and continues to grow, that is, there is no need to look for buyers;
• This is an opportunity not only to earn good money, but also to help protect the environment.

A small waste processing workshop can be opened in any locality in Russia

Business areas

What exactly does a waste recycling company do? Obviously, waste recycling. But not only. The search for raw materials, their transportation, and sorting will also fall on the shoulders of the businessman. However, you can narrow the scope and choose only one area of ​​activity.

Garbage collection and transportation

Garbage removal from cities and towns is one of the most popular areas. However, competition in this area is the highest.

You won’t have to look for garbage for transportation for a long time; just submit several advertisements in populated areas or enter into an agreement with local authorities and customers will find you themselves.

The question is who should sell the collected garbage. There are two options.

The first one goes to the landfill. In this case, you will receive funds only for waste removal outside populated areas. This is the least expensive and easiest way to make money from garbage. To implement it you will need:

• freight transport. It can be rented or purchased. A month's rental of one garbage truck costs about 150,000 rubles. Buying a new garbage truck will cost 3,000,000–3,500,000 rubles; a used car in good condition will cost 1,000,000–1,500,000 rubles less;
• enter into an agreement with a landfill for waste disposal. The cost of storing waste is 1,500–2,000 rubles per 5 tons;
• staff, which includes: drivers, accountant, administrator. If your fleet has about 10 cars or more, you need to hire a mechanic and a car mechanic. Approximate monthly fund wages for a company with a fleet of 10 cars will be about 300,000–350,000 rubles, depending on the region;
• permission from SES, Rospotrebnadzor, fire department. These documents can be obtained from the relevant authorities in each specific region.

Thus, in the first six months of operation of a company with ten cars, you will have to invest about 12,000,000 rubles (renting a vehicle) or 30,500,000 rubles (purchasing a vehicle).

The profit from the business will consist of the cost of garbage removal: 5 tons of waste will bring the businessman about 4,000 - 5,000 rubles. Accordingly, the income of an organization with a fleet of 10 cars at full load averages 6,000,000 rubles per month. Over six months, this amount will be 36,000,000 rubles.

There is a second option - selling the removed garbage. But it is quite difficult to find a buyer for unsorted waste, so let’s consider the second type of activity - waste sorting.

For the successful functioning of a business, a pack of modern garbage trucks is needed

Waste sorting

Collection and sorting are interrelated stages. Sorted waste is in high demand in the market. However, in order to engage in this type of activity, expensive equipment is needed. The most budget sorting complex costs 4,000,000 rubles.

Almost all the work in the sorting room is done manually, so for a medium-sized sorting shop you will need at least 5 pairs of workers, and this is another 100,000 rubles in costs per month.

And also to organize sorting it is necessary to rent a room with an area of ​​at least 300 m2. The rental cost will be from 25,000 to 30,000 rubles per month.

Particular attention should be paid to obtaining permission to sort and store waste. Below will be discussed detailed instructions receiving it.

Thus, the cost of organizing and running a waste sorting business will be about 7,000,000 rubles for the first six months, taking into account the purchase of raw materials.

A medium-capacity sorting shop is capable of producing 15–20 tons of products per month. The cost per ton depends on the type of waste and ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. Accordingly, the average income will be equal to 120,000 rubles per month or 720,000 rubles for six months.

A company collecting and sorting waste is forced to attract many workers, so its labor costs are quite high

Waste sorting as a business idea is attractive because the demand for it is quite high. If you wish, you can find clients even abroad. In addition, competition in this industry is low.

But there are also disadvantages. Waste sorting equipment is not cheap. You will also need a room of impressive size.

Disposal

You don’t have to sort the garbage, but simply get rid of it. The most common method of waste disposal is incineration.

Oddly enough, the waste disposal business is the most expensive and least profitable. The fact is that waste must be disposed of according to certain rules, which are dictated by various government and non-government organizations.

In addition, to carry out recycling it is necessary to collect a lot of permits and only then issue a license.

Waste treatment

Waste treatment activities involve bringing raw materials to a state in which they can be reused.

Before moving on to the financial indicators of waste processing activities, we will consider what materials can be recycled.

Types of materials for processing

There are many options for raw materials: plastic, rubber, paper, wood, glass, metal. Any of these materials are present in sufficient quantities in city landfills.

Now let's get acquainted with the intricacies of working with each material in more detail.

Polymers are not only a popular type of waste, but also the most profitable. There is high unmet demand for recycled polymers. Processing costs for plastic are low. The whole cycle consists of several stages:

• sorting by color;
• removal of dirt, stickers;
• pressing;
• grinding;
• re-cleaning;
• polishing

The resulting material is used to make plastic bottles, packages and much more.

Recycling of plastic products is the most profitable segment of the industry

Paper recycling

The waste paper recycling industry is the most popular among Russian businessmen. Paper and cardboard waste goes through the following stages:

• sorting by type - there are 12 types in total;
• removal of contaminants;
• thermomechanical treatment.

The recycled material is used to produce cardboard packaging and toilet paper.

Rubber is the most dangerous waste; burning it is strictly prohibited. Most often, tires can be recycled; there is a lot of such waste in Russian landfills.

There are several ways to process rubber:

• grinding into crumbs. Everyone has seen playgrounds with rubber coating. This coating is made from such crumbs;
• pyrolysis As a result of pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain artificial oil, technical carbon raw materials, and raw materials for metallurgy.

Recycled rubber is in demand for Russian market, therefore this direction is one of the most profitable

Glass recycling

Broken glass - Goldmine waste recycling. The material can be taken from factories producing any glass products completely free of charge. There are always a lot of marriages there. In addition, this particular waste processing industry is actively supported by the state.

Glass melts at relatively low temperatures, and this is a good saving on electricity.

Glass goes through the following stages of processing:

• cleansing;
• grinding;
• melting;
• grinding;
• grinding.

The last three actions are performed by one machine.

Metal recycling

Metal processing is the most environmentally responsible industry. Metal waste is very harmful to our planet, so its recycling must be taken with the utmost seriousness.

What can be recycled? The list is quite extensive:

• discarded cars and their components;
• industrial waste.

The processing of metals is somewhat more complex compared to the processing of other waste. It consists of the following stages:

• dismantling;
• transportation;
• examination;
• sorting;
• recycling.

Scrap metal recycling is not only a profitable business, but also a contribution to improving the environmental climate in the region

What you need to start a waste recycling business

Waste recycling company initial stage requires more time and administrative resources than material ones. Below is step-by-step instruction for organizing such a business.

Registration

It is permissible to register a company both in the form of an individual entrepreneur and in the form of a legal entity. The choice depends on the planned scale of activity.

When registering as a legal entity, the LLC form is preferred. This will allow the business to expand in the future. For example, start producing products from recycled materials.

Registration of LLCs and individual entrepreneurs is carried out at the tax office. Documents for establishing an LLC include:

• application for state registration of legal entities;
• minutes of the founders' meeting;
• agreement on the establishment of a company;
• charter of the company;
• notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

When registering a business, you must choose a taxation system. The most preferable from the point of view of cost savings would be the simplified tax system.

The application will need to indicate the OKVED activity code. In OKVED there is class 38 with a list of activity codes, including:

• 38.1 - waste collection;
• 38.11 - collection of non-hazardous waste;
• 38.12 - collection of hazardous waste;
• 38.21 - treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste;
• 38.22 - treatment and disposal of hazardous waste.

The cost of registering an LLC is 4,000 rubles. The duration of consideration of the application is no more than three working days. Templates of required documents:

• registration application form;
• notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

Obtaining permits and licenses

To carry out waste processing activities, it is necessary to obtain a number of permits from various regulatory authorities:

• for use land plot. You can obtain it from your regional land department. Before applying, fill out the form;
• from the SES, for which you should contact Rospotrebnadzor at the place of business. The following documents will be required: an application, a copy of the constituent document, an account opening statement, a rental agreement for premises or a certificate of ownership, a garbage removal agreement, an agreement for disinfection. The application will be reviewed within a month;
• fire authorities. You must contact the fire department at your place of registration;
• from the environmental center;
• from electrical supervision.

You cannot engage in waste recycling without the appropriate license. It can be obtained from the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources. The cost of the license is 24,000 rubles.

In order to obtain a license, you must:

• submit documents confirming the property base in the form of buildings and structures, equipment for work;
• confirm the presence of certified workers in the team. This is done by providing copies of employee certificates for the right to work with waste and employment contracts;
• have permission from the SES;
• provide information about the waste that the organization will work with;
• have concluded agreements with landfills and landfills. Their copies must be provided to the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources.

In addition to the listed documents, to obtain a license you must provide:

• business registration certificate,
• copies of constituent documents,
• a copy of the tax registration certificate,
• application for a license.

You can submit documents either in person by contacting Rosprirodnadzor or by sending them by mail.

Sample license for waste recycling

Search for premises

You can build a waste treatment plant yourself, or you can rent it. However, it is important to remember that the premises for a waste recycling plant must be at least 600 m2. The processing workshop will occupy 400 m2, 200 m2 will be required for storing raw materials and finished products. Don't forget about the administrative office. It can be either at the factory or separately.

An excellent option would be to use abandoned factories and warehouses. You don't have to pay much to use them.

Independent construction of a structure suitable for waste recycling will cost 15,000,000–20,000,000 rubles.

Renting the building will cost from 50,000 to 80,000 rubles per month, depending on the region.

Recruitment

Low-skilled workers can be hired to sort waste, so there will be no shortage of personnel

Recycling waste is quite a responsible task, which a beginner cannot always cope with. In addition, without certified specialists on the team, it is impossible to obtain a license to operate.

The number of employees depends on the production capacity. You will definitely need waste sorters, an accountant, an administrator and a driver. In total, a medium-sized waste recycling plant employs about 10–30 people.

Table: plant staff

Thus, the plant's staff is 12 people. The monthly wage fund is 270,000 rubles.

Purchase of equipment

Today there are two types of devices on the waste recycling equipment market: stationary and mobile.

Stationary equipment occupies large areas, is not intended to be moved, and has lower productivity. The cost of a complex of stationary installations ranges from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 rubles.

Mobile devices are more convenient to use and require less intervention. Prices for a waste recycling complex start at 4,000,000 rubles.

The minimum equipment of a processing workshop includes:

• sorting line. Average market value - 1,000,000 rubles;
• storage bunker. Cost - 500,000 rubles;
• crushing apparatus. Minimum price devices - 1,800,000 rubles;
• magnet. The average price is 1,200,000 rubles;
• bake. The price starts from 800,000 rubles.

Each of the listed devices can be purchased separately, or as part of the complex mentioned earlier. The second option will save about 500,000 rubles.

Equipment also includes vehicles, which cannot be dispensed with in the waste processing business.

Thus, to start a business you need to spend a lot of effort, time and money. But business prospects justify these costs.

How much does it cost to open a waste recycling plant?

Now let’s summarize all of the above and talk about material costs in more detail. Let's say that we want to take this matter seriously, and for this we need own factory for processing. The building will be located near the city, next to a landfill, in order to save money on transportation in the future. The table shows the main average costs.

Table: starting capital for opening a waste recycling plant

The total costs according to the table will be approximately 20,000,000 rubles.

How to open a waste recycling business without start-up capital

Of course, not everyone has 20,000,000 rubles. But this does not mean that you should abandon the business.

You can choose one area of ​​activity, thereby reducing costs. The least expensive step in the waste processing process is its transportation. Your consumer in this case will be a waste recycling plant.

The main costs of such a business will include the cost of transport, licensing and labor. Obviously, the profit from transportation will be less than the profit from a full-cycle waste processing business. This option is suitable for those who do not have large sums at the initial stage.

Business plan for waste recycling: example calculation

Let's move on to the calculations. Let’s assume that the plant employs 10 people, whose average salary is 20,000 rubles per month. The monthly wage fund will be 200,000 rubles. Full cycle plant.

The cost of raw materials depends on the chosen industry. In the example, the costs of purchasing plastic waste will be calculated. The market value of a ton of plastic is approximately 9,000 rubles. In a month, a plant with 10 employees will be able to process approximately 8 tons of waste. Therefore, monthly costs for raw materials will be 72,000 rubles. Let's include in this amount transportation costs, which correspond to approximately 20,000 rubles per month. The table shows the main expense items.

Table: Expected Costs

Expense item	Amount of expenses, rubles
One-time
Equipment	4 500 000
Vehicles (2 cars)	4 000 000
License	24 000
Registration costs	20 000
Total	8 544 000
Monthly	Amount of expenses per month, rubles
Renting premises	50 000
Wage	200 000
Raw materials	72 000
Communal payments	30 000
Other	20 000
Total	372 000

Now let’s determine the payback period and profitability of our business. The table shows the main income items.

Table: estimated income

The average cost of recycled plastic on the market is 70,000 rubles per ton. In a month, a plant of average capacity will process 10 tons, therefore, the income will be 700,000 rubles per month.

In addition to the sale of recyclable materials, income comes from the removal of waste from populated areas. Two cars per month are capable of removing 300 tons of garbage worth 1,200,000 rubles.

The payback period will be 8,544,000/1,800,000 = 4.8 months.

Video: how to make money from garbage

Waste processing is one of the most promising areas of business. The return from the waste recycling plant will not be long in coming. In addition, you will receive support from government authorities, which will allow you to expand your business and increase your income. However, be prepared for large time and material costs, especially at the initial stage.

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• About landfills
• Recruitment
• Processing technology
• How much can you earn

According to statistics, up to 150 million m3 of household waste with a total mass of more than 30 million tons accumulates annually in our country. Only one person accounts for about 250 kg per year. household waste. And this is not the limit, since with the development of industry and technologies aimed at improving human life, the number of new synthetic materials is growing, and those already created are being more actively used.

About landfills

And where should all this “good” go? The decomposition period of just one plastic container is hundreds of years. Local authorities, represented by housing and communal services, simply cannot cope. Most landfills are formed illegally. What can I say, even legal landfills are created in violation of all norms and rules. Dealing with garbage using the classic method of arson is not an option. Burning garbage creates a haze of gases harmful to humans, plus mercury-containing lamps can be thrown into landfills, the arson of which is doubly dangerous.

In this regard, the issue of disposal and processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) is of enormous importance. And it seems that only business representatives can cope with such a task. Recycling waste should bring good income and only then the problem will move forward. Take Europe too. There, recycling waste is so profitable that politicians and the mafia are ready to fight for it. There this business is considered a “gold mine”. Plastic, glass, paper, metal - all this can be recycled and sold profitably to industrial enterprises. And if in European countries Waste recycling is an overfilled niche, but in Russia this business is just emerging.

Step-by-step opening plan, business profitability

According to experts, the profitability of a solid waste processing enterprise can be 50% or more.

However, it is not so easy to recycle waste. To organize a large industrial complex for the transportation, reception, and processing of all types of household waste, tens of millions of rubles will be needed, mainly for the purchase of equipment and lines. Large areas of production premises (more than 500 m2) and a warehouse are also required. If it is not possible to rent them, then additional construction costs will be required. Plus, it is necessary to establish all communications, obtain permits, licenses, and so on.

State support is important here. Subsidies, grants, loans, whatever, just to give the business “financial support” for the development of a completely new business for Russian realities. Recycling of solid waste is an issue that is in the interests of local authorities. Therefore, they must take care of providing appropriate areas (land or building) for entrepreneurs who want to engage in this area.

Investments in this business may not be so “cosmic”. For example, you can avoid transporting waste, but organize only the reception of solid waste at the site of its processing. Waste paper is purchased for 50 kopecks, depending on the quality of the paper, and sorted plastic raw materials from 2 rubles per kilogram. Moreover, it is not necessary to recycle all waste. To begin with, you can start recycling only certain types of solid waste, for example, glass or polymers. In this case, you will not need to purchase a dozen different units and lines. It will be enough to purchase a certain type of press for the preparation of a specific type of secondary raw material.

Of all the varieties of household waste, the most in demand in the field of processing and production of secondary raw materials are:

• steel, aluminum - up to 100%;
• textiles - up to 50%;
• waste paper - up to 35%;
• glass - up to 35%.

Creating an enterprise for processing solid waste is especially beneficial in large cities, since a lot of “raw materials” are generated there.

How much can you earn from recycling solid waste?

The cost of one ton of processed and compressed secondary raw materials is approximately the following: plastic recycling- up to 15,000 rubles, aluminum can - up to 50,000 rubles, rubber crumb- up to 16,000 rubles, pressed cardboard - up to 12,000 rubles. In one shift, a small enterprise is capable of processing and receiving up to ten tons of secondary raw materials. Hence the monthly turnover of several million rubles.

An important point is that solid waste belongs to hazard class 4-5, therefore actions related to the collection, use, disposal and processing of solid waste are subject to licensing. The license is issued by the Department of Rosprirodnadzor for federal district. The premises for processing solid waste must meet all the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and Pozhnadzor, and also be located at a distance of at least 600 meters from residential complexes. Therefore, the ideal location of such an enterprise is somewhere on the outskirts of the city.

Recruitment

A separate issue is personnel selection. Garbage recycling is mostly manual labor. Therefore, even a small enterprise will require a staff of 25-30 people. At the same time, not everyone wants to deal with solid waste at long term, hence the high staff turnover. The manager’s task in this case is to establish optimal piecework wages, increase employee motivation and pay bonuses. The main monthly costs of such an enterprise are the payment of wages to employees.

What equipment to choose for solid waste processing

There are a number of offers from a variety of manufacturers on the solid waste processing equipment market. As they say Russian businessmen, you shouldn’t spend money on purchasing expensive foreign lines. And in our country there is budget options equipment that is not inferior in quality to foreign analogues, and is easier to repair.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the line for processing solid waste - the MSK 50 waste sorting complex. This line unites the entire waste processing chain, starting from waste reception and ending with its compaction and storage. The line is operated by 12 workers, 6 people on each side.

Processing technology

Wherein processing technology as follows:

The waste chute carries the waste to the receiving area, where large-sized waste is sifted out: televisions, furniture, tape recorders, etc. From the receiving area, using a loader, the sifted waste is fed into a pit and then onto a feeding inclined conveyor. From the inclined conveyor, the waste is transferred to a horizontal sorting conveyor, where it is sorted into fractions. Each conveyor is equipped with a frequency converter to adjust the speed. Selected waste fractions (paper, PET bottles, cardboard, aluminum cans, etc.) enter mobile carts through hatches in the overpass, on which they are delivered to the presses. Next, each fraction is pressed on the appropriate press, tied, stored and sent to purchasing enterprises (customers).

How much can you earn

This type of business has a profitability of 50%, which allows you to recoup the investment within a few months. Profit from the sale of processed raw materials can be up to 50,000 rubles per month, even from a small workshop.

How much money do you need to start a business?

To organize from scratch a full-fledged plant for processing all types of waste (paper, food, rubber, glass, etc.) you will need about $20 million. To organize a workshop designed for 1 type, the investment will be 50-200 thousand dollars.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

For this business activity, we select code 38, which includes all processing of any type of waste, as well as their disposal.

What documents are needed to open

In this case, in order to avoid problems with the tax office, it is advisable to immediately register a limited liability company, taking into account significant financial flows. The following documents will be required:

• company charter;
• memorandum of association;
• minutes of the meeting of owners or the decision of the founder;
• Application for registration on Form 11001.

Which taxation system to choose for registering a waste recycling business?

Given the large volumes of income and expenses, you will have to stop at common system- BASIC. It involves paying an income tax of 20%, as well as VAT at a rate of 18%. This mode will be applied by default, so there is no need to switch to it. But such a system is not subject to numerous restrictions such as the number of personnel, the cost of property, etc.

Do I need permissions to open?

It is necessary to obtain a license from the Ministry of Ecology giving the right to collect and process solid household waste. For this purpose, an environmental assessment will be carried out and an appropriate conclusion will be issued. After this, it is necessary to obtain permits from the sanitary service, water and municipal services of the city, and “fire departments.” The process of obtaining permits may take 3-4 months.