Concept and norms: indicators of physical fitness. Physical fitness What is physical fitness definition
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Introduction
Conclusion
Introduction
The modern world requires a person to achieve a very high functional level, the ability to endure very large psychological and physical exercise, quickly recover from them. This requires a special foundation that exactly meets the requirements of the chosen pace of life and ensures preparedness for effective life activities. modern man in harmony with your body.
Over the past decades, experts have been concerned about the problem of people’s physical fitness. Despite the constant improvement of the physical education system in universities, it remains unresolved in schools. One of the reasons for this is the rapid growth of scientific and technological progress, which has significantly reduced the physical activity of people.
For an athlete, for example, physical training is the basis for achieving a high level of skill in any sport. Versatile physical fitness allows an athlete to cope with a significant volume of fairly intense educational and training work. With a low level of physical fitness, it is impossible to conduct training sessions productively; the athlete quickly becomes overtired and is more often exposed to illnesses and injuries. This, in turn, causes interruptions in preparation and disrupts its integrity and rhythm.
Physical training is a process aimed at developing physical qualities and the development of functional capabilities that create favorable conditions for improving all aspects of training. The content of physical training consists of physical exercises, special knowledge, organizational and methodological skills and abilities.
Physical training, as a type of physical education, is a specially organized and consciously controlled pedagogical process, aimed at developing the physical readiness of people to fulfill social responsibilities in society.
1. Basics of physical fitness
1.1 The concept of physical fitness
Physical fitness is the result of physical training achieved when performing motor actions necessary for a person to master or perform professional or sports activities.
Physical fitness is characterized by the level of functionality of various body systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular) and the development of basic physical qualities (strength, endurance, speed, agility, flexibility). Physical training is the process by which one or another level of physical fitness is achieved.
Physical training is aimed at improving health, achieving a high level of physical development, and educating necessary for a person physical qualities. It is usually divided into general physical training (GPP) and special physical training (SPP).
The goal of general physical training is to achieve high performance. It is aimed at increasing the level of physical development, broad motor readiness as prerequisites for success in various types activities. Its means are a variety of physical exercises (walking, running, skiing, swimming, rowing, outdoor and sports games, gymnastics, weight training, etc.).
Special physical training is a specialized process that promotes success in a specific activity (type of profession, sport, etc.) that imposes specialized requirements on a person’s motor abilities. The result of physical training is physical fitness, reflecting the achieved performance in the formed motor skills and abilities that contribute to the effectiveness of the target activity (to which the training is focused). SFP is aimed at developing individual physical qualities, skills and abilities necessary in a chosen sport or military affairs. It is carried out systematically and helps a person prepare for competitions or the performance of important tasks that require the mobilization of all physical fitness at this stage. Its means are special exercises and elements.
To develop important physical qualities, exercises are used for speed, strength, general, speed and strength endurance, coordination of movements, etc. These are mainly exercises from basic gymnastics, from various types of athletics, sports games, weightlifting, etc. With the help They can strengthen the muscles that bear the greatest physical load, and further develop the physical qualities required by a particular profession.
To form and improve auxiliary applied skills, so-called natural movements (jumping, throwing, climbing, swimming), exercises from applied tourism, etc. are used. The body’s resistance to adverse environmental influences can be increased by using appropriate exercises that not only improve some or quality, but at the same time give a non-specific training effect. For example, resistance to overheating can be increased by exercises accompanied by significant heat generation: long running, intensive skiing, skating, sports games, fencing.
To improve mental qualities - volitional, attention, reaction to signals, perception of space, time, muscle effort and others - great importance have targeted physical exercises and specific sports. Moreover, the influence of the latter on the development of mental qualities is not the same. The specifics of each specific sport determine the activity of the corresponding mental functions and the degree of their manifestation. For example, sports games develop the accuracy of reaction time to a moving object, the speed of motor reaction; Gymnastics greatly develops the accuracy of muscle efforts when operating with hands, etc.
Improving volitional qualities is facilitated by activities of all kinds, sports games, diving, gymnastic exercises associated with elements of danger, etc.
Optimal physical fitness is called physical fitness. In the structure of a person’s individual labor readiness and professional activity, physical readiness occupies its specific place. Very significant: is it possible to imagine a geologist who does not have a sufficient level of general and strength endurance working successfully in the summer field season in extreme conditions; or a neurosurgeon operating on a patient’s brain, without special psychophysical qualities: fine motor coordination, static endurance and concentration; or a drilling rig engineer who successfully performs his professional duties in conditions of heat, severe frost or storm without certain speed-strength abilities?
Therefore, now, more than ever, the quality indicator in the organization of professional-applied physical training in schools and universities is increasing, especially since the number of new specialties is constantly growing, while the general level of health of young people - potential students, and later the working population of our country - is constantly growing.
Thus, by defining physical fitness, we thereby link all three of its components with each other: bodily (morphological), functional and motor. However, knowing that for each professional activity a strictly defined coefficient of relations between the components of both the “physical readiness” system and its subsystem “motor readiness” is necessary, the determination of this quantitative coefficient and the creation of mathematical models for the formation of a person’s physical readiness depending on the type of his activity, functional state, bodily development, age, physical activity, habitat, gender (male or female) and other factors (external and internal) and will be a purely individual indicator of a person’s physical activity for professional activity.
Thus, modern requirements to the physical condition of Russian citizens (the need of society to optimize their physical condition) are the main system-forming factor in creating the doctrine of physical improvement of the entire population Russian Federation. In turn, the scientific, theoretical and organizational foundations for the formation, maintenance and restoration of people’s physical readiness for various types of activities are the main system-forming factor in the general theory of physical culture.
1.2 Basic physical qualities of the body, characterizing physical fitness and methods of their development
Physical qualities are understood as socially conditioned sets of biological and mental properties of a person, expressing his physical readiness to carry out active motor activity. The main qualities that characterize physical development human beings are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. Improving each of these qualities helps improve health, but not to the same extent. Physical qualities differ from other personality traits in that they can only manifest themselves when solving motor problems through motor actions. Motor actions used to solve a motor task can be performed differently by each individual. Some have a higher tempo of execution, others have a higher accuracy in reproducing movement parameters, etc.
Strength abilities are manifested through the force of action developed by a person through muscle tension. The force of action is measured in kilograms. The magnitude of the manifestation of the force of action depends on external factors - the size of the burden, external conditions, location of the body and its links in space; and from internal - the functional state of muscles and mental state person.
To develop speed-strength abilities, exercises are used to overcome one’s own body weight (for example, jumping) and with external weights (for example, throwing medicine balls). The most common methods for developing speed-strength abilities are the methods of repeated exercise and circuit training. The method of repeated exercise allows you to selectively develop certain groups. The circuit training method provides a comprehensive effect on various muscle groups.
In accordance with modern concepts, speed is understood as a person’s specific motor ability for high speed movements, performed in the absence of significant external resistance, complex coordination of muscle work and not requiring large energy costs. The physiological mechanism for the manifestation of speed, associated primarily with the speed characteristics of nervous processes, is presented as a multifunctional property of the central nervous system(CNS).
There are several elementary forms of manifestation of speed:
1. Speed of simple and complex motor reactions.
2. Speed of single movement.
3. The speed of complex (multi-joint) movement associated with changing body position or switching from one action to another in the absence of significant external resistance.
4. Frequency of movements.
The identified forms of manifestation of speed are relatively independent of each other and are weakly related to the level of general physical fitness.
Dexterity is expressed through a combination of coordination abilities, as well as the ability to perform motor actions with the required range of motion (mobility in the joints). Dexterity is cultivated through learning motor actions and solving motor problems that require constant changes in the structure of actions.
Coordination abilities are a person’s ability to most perfectly, quickly, expediently, economically, accurately and resourcefully solve motor problems when complex and unexpected situations arise.
Coordination abilities are associated with the ability to control movements in space and time and include: a) spatial orientation; b) accuracy of motion reproduction in spatial, force and time parameters; c) static and dynamic equilibrium. Spatial orientation implies: 1) maintaining ideas about the parameters of changes in external conditions (situations) and 2) the ability to rearrange motor action in accordance with these changes. A person does not simply react to an external situation. He must take into account the possible dynamics of its change, forecast upcoming events and, in connection with this, build an appropriate program of action aimed at achieving a positive result.
Endurance is the most important physical quality, manifested in professional, sports practice (to one degree or another in every sport) and Everyday life. She reflects general level human performance. In the theory of physical education, endurance is understood as a person’s ability to perform work for a significant period of time without reducing the power of the load, its intensity, or as the body’s ability to resist fatigue. Endurance is a multifunctional property human body and integrates a large number of processes occurring at various levels: from cellular to whole organism. However, as the results of modern scientific research, the leading role in the manifestation of endurance belongs to the factors of energy metabolism and the autonomic systems that provide it, namely the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems.
One of the most effective and accessible means of developing general endurance is running.
The term flexibility itself is usually used for an integral assessment of the mobility of body parts. If the amplitude of movements in individual joints is assessed, then it is customary to talk about mobility in them. The process of inhibition and associated muscle relaxation favor the development of recovery processes. Therefore, relaxation exercises are also used to improve blood circulation in the muscles or as distraction exercises, especially after strong static stress.
Development of physical qualities is a necessary component healthy image life. This includes agility, endurance, strength, flexibility, and, of course, speed.
There is no linear relationship between the level of physical fitness and the level of health. This relationship can be schematically represented at three levels.
At the first (low) level, there is a pronounced negative effect on health, especially with a low level of endurance.
At the second (optimal, normative) level - a positive effect on health.
At the third (high) level of physical qualities that meet the requirements of big-time sports, there is tension in all body systems, which reduces resistance to diseases due to a decrease in the body’s immune functions.
2. Testing and assessment of physical fitness
Testing and assessment make it possible to determine the level of physical fitness, the degree of development of individual physical qualities and the formation of motor skills. The essence of control is a comparison of the planned and actually achieved physical state.
2.1 Methods for testing and assessing physical fitness
The level of physical fitness is assessed based on the results shown in special control exercises (tests) for strength, endurance, etc. To assess the level of physical fitness, it must be measured.
In the practice of physical education, the following control methods are used: pedagogical observation, surveys, acceptance of educational standards, testing, control and other competitions, simple medical methods (measurement of vital capacity of the lungs, body weight, back strength, etc.), timing of classes, determination dynamics of physical activity during a lesson based on heart rate, etc.
Observing the students during the lesson, the observer pays attention to their behavior, expression of interest, degree of attention (focused, distracted), external signs of reaction to physical activity (changes in breathing, color and facial expression, coordination of movement, increased sweating, etc.).
The survey method provides an opportunity to obtain information about the condition of students based on their own indicators of well-being before, during and after classes (muscle pain, etc.), about their aspirations and desires. Subjective sensations are the result of physiological processes in the body. They must be taken into account and at the same time remember that they do not always reflect the true capabilities of those involved.
General physical fitness is measured using tests. The set and content of tests should be different for age, gender, professional affiliation, and also depending on the physical education program used and its purpose. This will determine the condition of the muscles and joints, of cardio-vascular system, and also find out which parts and systems of the body are less developed than others.
To assess the level of development of physical qualities and monitor the motor readiness of students, various exercises are widely used - tests: standing and running long jump, medicine ball throwing, six-minute run, bending forward while standing on a bench and sitting on the floor, running at various distances, lifting the torso from a supine position, bending and extending the arms in support, pulling up on the bar, shuttle running, etc. There are many tests to determine coordination, balance, flexibility, endurance, agility, strength of individual muscle groups and other physical abilities.
The principle of gradual increase in functional influences guarantees an increase in the level of the body's functional capabilities and physical fitness, and an increased rate of development of motor abilities. The use of standard exercises and standard loads transfers the body to the stage of stable adaptation. When performing the exercise, various qualities will be improved, but when selecting means and methods, it is necessary to highlight their primary focus on developing the leading quality (strength, speed, agility, flexibility, endurance, etc.).
Test tasks are presented physical exercise, which are grouped based on basic physical qualities. Testing is recommended to be carried out using the competitive method, and the test takers must not only demonstrate compliance with the standard requirements, but also perform standard exercises that reflect the versatility of their preparedness for each specific group of physical abilities (strength, speed, endurance and coordination). The criterion for characterizing a level of physical fitness above average will be the fulfillment of basic standards of requirements and (taking into account individual physical development) the fulfillment of standards in relevant physical exercises. To characterize the level of physical fitness of the average level - respectively, fulfillment of only the basic standards of requirements and partial (up to ½) fulfillment of standards in physical exercises. To characterize the level of physical fitness below average - accordingly, fulfillment of only the basic requirements.
The criteria for the level of physical fitness are determined using special tables developed by scientists, as well as tables from a comprehensive physical education program for schoolchildren, students, athletes, military personnel, etc.
Assessment of health status, the dynamics of positive and negative changes will not be objective if it is not supplemented with self-monitoring data. Self-monitoring is independent observation of the results of the influence of physical activity on your body.
When engaging in physical exercise on your own, systematic monitoring is very important to assess the health-improving effect. Monitoring during the training process allows you to determine the current level of physical fitness for planning optimal loads, identify “lagging” motor qualities and assess the magnitude of their increase. Self-control comes down to determining the amount of physical activity based on the body’s responses.
By regularly analyzing the state of your health, data from testing and conducting various tests, you can be able to adjust the amount of work and rest, time for recovery, choose means of increasing physical and mental performance, and make the necessary changes in your health. own style and perhaps a way of life. The main requirement: sampling and testing should be carried out at the same hours of the day, 1.5-2 hours before and after meals.
All indicators of self-control can be divided into subjective and objective. Subjective ones include well-being, mood, sleep, appetite and pain. Subjective sensations are informative indicators of load intensity. Physical activity is considered sufficient if you feel satisfactory (does not deteriorate), sleep and appetite are normal, and your heart rate 10 minutes after exercise is less than 90 beats per minute. Physical activity is considered excessive if the state of health is unsatisfactory (deteriorates, weakness, pain in the heart, headache), sleep and appetite worsen (absent), pulse 10 minutes after training is more than 90 beats per minute.
Well-being is classified as good (feeling cheerful, good performance), satisfactory (slight lethargy) and poor (weakness, lethargy, low performance). Well-being is a fairly informative criterion for the correct dosage of physical activity. If they correspond to the functional capabilities of the body, then the state of health is usually good. With excessive physical exertion, its deterioration is observed.
Objective indicators of self-control include: observations of heart rate (HR), blood pressure, breathing, body weight, muscle strength and athletic performance.
Many experts recognize heart rate as a reliable indicator of the state of the circulatory system. It can be independently determined by pulse rate. When a person is at rest, it is better to measure it on the radial artery, at the base of the thumb. To do this, place the hand of the other hand on the back of the wrist, where the pulse is measured, and use the pads of the second, third and fourth fingers to find the radial artery, pressing lightly on it. The pulse rate is determined by the movement of the second hand of the clock in 10 or 15 seconds, the resulting number is multiplied by 6 or 4. Thus, the pulse rate per minute is calculated.
Control over physical fitness acts as operational management, which ensures the functioning of the system in accordance with the plans. It consists of periodic and continuous comparison of the results obtained with the planned plans and subsequent correction of the preparation process and the plans themselves.
2.2 The influence of physical fitness on quality of life
Exercise helps combat chronic fatigue by increasing your vitality. They provide extra oxygen to the brain and make you more energetic throughout the day. This, in turn, helps you sleep deeper and more restfully at night because it promotes the production of endorphins, which help release the nervous tension that has built up during the day (as you become physically tired and do not feel the emptiness at the end of the day that physically inactive people usually experience) . Exercise helps prevent depression not only because it relieves nervous tension, but also reduces excess adrenaline and hormones in the body that contribute to stress. Physical education also strengthens your self-confidence: you feel that you can improve your well-being and appearance, no matter what your age and physical state.
Systematic physical exercise increases the body's adaptive reactions and ensures its proper functioning. Reactions to physical activity do not pass without leaving a trace: they are accompanied by specific trace changes (trophic processes), on the basis of which there is an increase in the structural, energetic, and therefore functional resources of the body. This is an important factor in increasing the reliable functioning of the physiological systems of the body, which, naturally, becomes especially important during the development of age-related changes. Structural and functional improvement of blood circulation and strengthening of the trophic functions of the nervous system, creation of a sufficient supply of energy, and increase in capillarization of skeletal and cardiac muscles are ensured. The functional reserve increases, adaptation to stress increases, and recovery accelerates.
The faster the recovery, the more strength the body has to perform subsequent work, therefore, the higher its functionality and performance, i.e. operating time increases and run-in time decreases.
So far, our illnesses are costing society dearly. Due to poor physical training of young workers and engineering workers, 24% of all types of defects, accidents, and equipment stoppages occur. Shortcomings in physical education and lack of proper conditioning lead to the fact that about 3 million people are taken out of work every day due to illness!
Protecting one's own health is the immediate responsibility of everyone; he has no right to shift it to others. After all, it often happens that a person, through an incorrect lifestyle, bad habits, physical inactivity, and overeating, by the age of 20-30 brings himself to a catastrophic state and only then remembers medicine.
No matter how perfect medicine is, it cannot rid everyone of all diseases. A person is the creator of his own health, for which he must fight. From an early age it is necessary to lead an active lifestyle, toughen up, engage in physical education and sports, observe the rules of personal hygiene - in a word, achieve true harmony of health through reasonable means. Health is the first and most important need of a person, determining his ability to work and ensuring the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for understanding the world around us, for self-affirmation and human happiness. Active long life- This is an important component of the human factor.
Optimal motor mode - the most important condition healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic exercise and sports, which effectively solve the problems of strengthening health and developing physical abilities, maintaining health and motor skills, and strengthening the prevention of adverse age-related changes.
The main feature that characterizes a high level of general physical fitness is the ability to consciously control the movements of one’s body, achieving the greatest results in as soon as possible with the least amount of effort. The main qualities that characterize a person’s physical development are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. Improving each of these qualities also helps improve health, but not to the same extent. You can become very fast by training in sprinting. Finally, it is a good idea to become dexterous and flexible by using gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. However, with all this it is not possible to form sufficient resistance to pathogenic influences.
For effective recovery and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance, in combination with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide the growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases.
Conclusion
The concept of “physical fitness” to a certain extent characterizes the level of health. L.B. Kofman, N.D. Graevskaya, V.L. Karpman note that in the process of systematic physical education, the body gradually adapts to stress, associated with the functional and morphological restructuring of various organs and systems, and the expansion of their potential capabilities.
There is only one way to achieve human harmony - systematic exercise. In addition, it has been experimentally proven that regular physical education, which is rationally included in the work and rest regime, not only promotes health, but also significantly increases the efficiency of production activities. However, not all motor actions performed in everyday life and work are physical exercises. They can only be movements that are specially selected to influence various organs and systems, develop physical qualities, and correct physique defects.
Physical exercise will have a positive effect if certain rules are followed during exercise. It is necessary to monitor your health - this is necessary in order not to cause harm to yourself when engaging in physical exercise.
General physical training is aimed at the comprehensive development of physical abilities aimed at the harmonious development of students. Under the influence of general physical training, health improves, the body becomes more perfect, the appearance is more beautiful, there is a gradual adaptation to stress, a better reaction to stress and recovery after work.
Experts, for example, have proven that a person’s health status depends only 10% on medicine and 90% on the level of his physical fitness and healthy lifestyle. Research shows that spending to promote preventive sporting events(even taking into account the possibility of injury), much less than the cost of disability benefits.
Today the slogan “Physical education is the key to health” is no longer relevant enough. Physical education and sports should be the key to social and creative longevity.
And I want to finish with the words of the famous Soviet scientist I.M. Sarkizova-Serazini: “Systematically applied physical education and sports is youth, which does not depend on the passport age, this is old age without illness, which is enlivened by optimism, this is longevity, which is accompanied by creative enthusiasm for work, this, finally, health is the greatest source beauty."
List of sources used
physical fitness vital activity
1. Korobkov A.V., Golovin V.A., Maslyakov V.A. Physical education. - M.: Higher. school, 1983.
2. Amosov N.M. Thoughts about health. - Kemerovo: Kemerovo Engineering Publishing House, 1981. - 176 p.
3. http://lib.sportedu.ru/.
4. http://www.pr-j.ru/sport-i-turizm/fizkultura-v-zhizni-studenta.html.
5. “Professional applied physical training” V.I. Ilyinich. Ed. "Moscow - Higher School - 1978"
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1. The daily routine is understood as the distribution of main tasks and activities,
carried out by a person every day. Main purpose
regime - to ensure optimal activity of the body
man, his basic functions and systems. This optimization allows
maintain a high level of performance for a long time, avoid
unjustified nervous and mental stress, successfully
manage your emotions.
The basis for regulating the daily routine is alternation types of activities.
If we analyze the most important events of the day, we can
see that some of them place increased demands on
mental sphere of a person and are associated with high activity of mental
processes, emotional and volitional efforts. Others relate more to
physical sphere and are associated with biological processes, with
prolonged muscle tension, high intensity
the functioning of the respiratory, circulatory, and energy exchange systems.
Since all processes occurring in the human body are determined
activity of the central nervous system (CNS), it becomes obvious
that the reasons for decreased performance are fatigue of the central nervous system, and
more precisely, in the fatigue of the structural formations (centers) of the brain
Increase brain activity and regular function
possible in two ways. The first is with the help of various psychotropic or
other stimulants (alcohol, smoking, drugs, doping). Acceptance of these
stimulants leads to a decrease in the feeling of fatigue, an increase in overall
tone of the body, but does not relieve fatigue of nerve cells
brain. Dulling the feeling of general fatigue allows a person
actively continue its activity and thereby introduces nerve cells
into a state of extreme braking. Use, especially
regularly, psychotropic medications, including drugs and alcohol, leads
to constant overstrain of brain activity, to its
exhaustion and destruction. That's why this method absolutely not
acceptable.
The second way is to alternate types of activities,
allowing you to change the direction and magnitude of the load on the central nervous system. When
a person changes the type of activity, then the activity of nerve cells alone
parts of the brain are replaced by the activity of nerve cells of other
plots and, therefore, creates favorable conditions for
restoration of previously working areas. So the change
types of activities regulated optimal mode day, allows
a person to maintain a high level of general performance and avoid
overstrain of the central nervous system.
2. General physical fitness means physical
a human condition that is acquired as a result of activities
physical fitness and is characterized by high physical
efficiency, good development physical qualities,
diverse motor experience.
A person who has good physical fitness has a fairly high resistance to stressful situations and the effects of unfavorable conditions external environment and various diseases. He has well-developed respiratory, circulatory and energy exchange systems, which have a sufficient supply
reliability, efficiency and economy.
Attention, memory and thinking are stable and less susceptible to fatigue. All these positive properties allow a person to achieve high results.
both in sports, and in educational, and in work activities.
Physical fitness is a human state that is achieved as a result of strength loads and is characterized by good performance, varied motor practice and improvement of physiological characteristics.
What does it give
A person who has excellent self-training has good resistance to various diseases, tense environment and the influence of other negative factors. He has well-developed respiratory and circulatory systems and metabolism. Such a person’s thinking, attention and memory are less prone to developing fatigue. All these features give a person the opportunity to achieve excellent success in educational, competitive and work practice. The maximum level of physical fitness is acquired through the endurance and diligence of students.
Sports qualities
Main physical properties are considered:
- force;
- flexibility;
- speed;
- level of experience and skill;
- coordination (dexterity);
- endurance.
All these traits must be improved together to achieve the best results.
How it affects the body
Physical fitness is, to some extent, a change in the physiology of an athlete, whose plasticity, mobility and muscles begin to develop well. Also, the body's metabolism noticeably accelerates, its general condition improves, and the body feels light.
What does it depend on?
The physical development and physical fitness of a person is largely determined by the characteristics of his body. Unfortunately, environment mostly negatively affects the body as a whole. And here physical exercise, nutrition, refusal to bad habits, as well as daily exposure to fresh air.
Physiological formation, like birth and death, is considered a natural process for humans. The processes of physical development and puberty are interconnected, and at this stage noticeable changes occur in the body, and people also change externally. However, such processes still significantly depend on sanitary, hygienic, social, economic and other circumstances.
Indicators of physical fitness are also determined by people’s belonging to different To the younger generation It is much easier to develop beautiful and even posture, perform a certain number of exercises, and also withstand some strength loads. An elderly person will no longer be able to do many things in training, since his health simply will not allow him to cope with the additional work.
Characteristics of sports training
A high degree of such readiness gives good indicators of mental and muscular performance. The concepts of “training” and “development” are very often confused. It is necessary to take into account that physical fitness is the achievement of significant success as a result of long and grueling exercises that are carried out to acquire the necessary professional skills. But a person develops simply physiologically, according to external signs, without the help of any kind of strength training.
Such training also contributes to the development of various body systems (muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory) and the acquisition of abilities such as flexibility, agility, strength, stamina, and speed.
Physical fitness assessment
The level of this training is analyzed based on the results of (tests) endurance, load intensity and much more. The level of general physical fitness is established through a series of diagnostics. The program and selection of tests must be selected taking into account professional qualities, age and gender, and also correspond to the physical education and health methods used.
Norms for playing sports
There are basic parameters and indicators of physical fitness that must be adhered to.
Conclusion
Physical fitness is also a development process that is recognized by external characteristics. Even outwardly, a person with a high level of training differs from someone who is far from sports and does not monitor nutrition. After all, a person who adheres to a certain exercise schedule, follows a diet, and gives up various habits that have a detrimental effect on the body’s condition will always look good and feel just great!
Physical fitness - These are the capabilities of the body's functional systems. It reflects the required level of development of those physical qualities on which competitive success in a particular sport depends.
Physical fitness as a component of sports readiness in explanatory dictionary In terms of sports terms, the concept of sports preparedness is defined as “the state of an athlete acquired as a result of preparation (physical, technical, tactical, mental), which allows one to achieve certain results in competitive activity.” We also read there that “physical training is one of the aspects of training in physical education and sports, associated with the development of physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordination abilities).” K.L. Chernov defines sports preparedness as “a connected system of knowledge, abilities, skills, qualities, properties of functional systems that determine the level of a person’s qualifications in a certain profession.” Yu.I. Smirnov interprets sports readiness as “a complex result of training, expressed in an increased level of functional capabilities of the athlete’s body, his specific and general performance, in the achieved degree of perfection of sports skills, abilities and sports knowledge.”
Many authors agree with their opinion and consider sports results to be the true criterion of sports readiness. At the same time, they note that a sports result, and, consequently, sports readiness, is a multifactorial phenomenon in which many components, including physiological ones, have significant weight, which especially applies to sports with a predominant manifestation of endurance. A number of authors add that in a state of peak athletic performance, some physiological indicators do not correspond to their maximum values. The term “training” is very close in meaning to the concept of “physical training”, i.e. “the state of the body that determines the athlete’s preparedness, which is a consequence of training.” Fitness is a complex medical and pedagogical concept that characterizes an athlete’s readiness to achieve high sports results. Its level depends on the effectiveness of the structural and functional restructuring of the body, which is combined with the high technical, tactical and psychological preparedness of the athlete.
Categories Post navigationPhysical fitness is the result of physical training achieved when performing motor actions necessary for a person to master or perform professional or sports activities.
Physical fitness is characterized by the level of functionality of various body systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular) and the development of basic physical qualities (strength, endurance, speed, agility, flexibility). The level of physical fitness is assessed based on the results shown in special control exercises (tests) for strength, endurance, etc. To assess the level of physical fitness, it must be measured. General physical fitness is measured using tests. The set and content of tests should be different for age, gender, professional affiliation, and also depending on the physical education program used and its purpose.
General physical fitness
General physical training (GPP) is the process of improving motor physical qualities aimed at the comprehensive and harmonious physical development of a person.
General physical training helps to increase functional capabilities, overall performance, and is the basis (base) for special training and achieving high results in a chosen field of activity or sport. The following tasks may be assigned to the general physical training program:
- - achieve harmonious development of body muscles and corresponding muscle strength;
- - acquire general endurance;
- - increase the speed of performing various movements, general speed abilities;
- - increase the mobility of the main joints, muscle elasticity;
- - improve dexterity in a wide variety of (domestic, work, sports) activities, the ability to coordinate simple and complex movements;
- - learn to perform movements without unnecessary stress, master the ability to relax.
General physical training is associated with the achievement of physical perfection - a level of health and comprehensive development of physical abilities that meet the requirements of human activity in certain historically established conditions of production, military affairs and other areas public life. Specific principles and indicators of physical perfection are always determined by the real needs and living conditions of society at each historical stage. But they also always contain a requirement for high level health and general performance. It should be remembered that even fairly high general physical fitness often cannot ensure success in a specific sports discipline or in various types of professional work. And this means that in some cases increased development of endurance is required, in others - strength, etc., i.e. special training is required.
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